【BZOJ4259】残缺的字符串

【题目链接】

【思路要点】

  • 补档博客,无题解。

【代码】

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define MAXN	1048576
#define P	acos(-1)
template <typename T> void read(T &x) {
	x = 0; int f = 1;
	char c = getchar();
	for (; !isdigit(c); c = getchar()) if (c == '-') f = -f;
	for (; isdigit(c); c = getchar()) x = x * 10 + c - '0';
	x *= f;
}
struct point {double r, i; };
point operator + (point a, point b) {return (point) {a.r + b.r, a.i + b.i}; }
point operator - (point a, point b) {return (point) {a.r - b.r, a.i - b.i}; }
point operator * (point a, point b) {return (point) {a.r * b.r - a.i * b.i, a.r * b.i + b.r * a.i}; }
int N, Log, pr[MAXN];
point a[MAXN], b[MAXN], res[MAXN];
void BRCinit() {
	for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
		int tmp = i, ans = 0;
		for (int j = 1; j <= Log; j++) {
			ans <<= 1;
			ans += tmp & 1;
			tmp >>= 1;
		}
		pr[i] = ans;
	}
}
void BRC(point *a) {
	for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
		if (pr[i] > i) swap(a[i], a[pr[i]]);
}
void FFT(point *a, int type) {
	BRC(a);
	for (int len = 2, half = 1; len <= N; len <<= 1, half <<= 1) {
		point delta = (point) {cos(type * 2 * P / len), sin(type * 2 * P / len)};
		for (int start = 0; start < N; start += len) {
			point now = (point) {1, 0};
			for (int i = start, j = start + half; i < start + half; i++, j++) {
				point tmp = a[i];
				point tnp = a[j] * now;
				a[i] = tmp + tnp;
				a[j] = tmp - tnp;
				now = now * delta;
			}
		}
	}
	if (type == -1) {
		for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
			a[i].r /= N;
	}
}
double index(char c) {
	if (c == '*') return 0;
	else return c - 'a' + 1;
}
char s[MAXN], t[MAXN];
int main() {
	int lt, ls;
	read(lt), read(ls);
	scanf("\n%s", t);
	scanf("\n%s", s);
	reverse(t, t + lt);
	N = 1, Log = 0;
	while (N <= ls + lt) {
		N <<= 1;
		Log++;
	}
	BRCinit();
	for (int i = 0; i < ls; i++)
		a[i] = (point) {index(s[i]) * index(s[i]) * index(s[i]), 0};
	for (int i = ls; i < N; i++)
		a[i] = (point) {0, 0};
	for (int i = 0; i < lt; i++)
		b[i] = (point) {index(t[i]), 0};
	for (int i = lt; i < N; i++)
		b[i] = (point) {0, 0};
	FFT(a, 1); FFT(b, 1);
	for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
		res[i] = res[i] + a[i] * b[i];
	
	for (int i = 0; i < ls; i++)
		a[i] = (point) {2 * index(s[i]) * index(s[i]), 0};
	for (int i = ls; i < N; i++)
		a[i] = (point) {0, 0};
	for (int i = 0; i < lt; i++)
		b[i] = (point) {index(t[i]) * index(t[i]), 0};
	for (int i = lt; i < N; i++)
		b[i] = (point) {0, 0};
	FFT(a, 1); FFT(b, 1);
	for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
		res[i] = res[i] - a[i] * b[i];
	
	for (int i = 0; i < ls; i++)
		a[i] = (point) {index(s[i]), 0};
	for (int i = ls; i < N; i++)
		a[i] = (point) {0, 0};
	for (int i = 0; i < lt; i++)
		b[i] = (point) {index(t[i]) * index(t[i]) * index(t[i]), 0};
	for (int i = lt; i < N; i++)
		b[i] = (point) {0, 0};
	FFT(a, 1); FFT(b, 1);
	for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
		res[i] = res[i] + a[i] * b[i];
	FFT(res, -1);
	int ans = 0;
	for (int i = lt - 1; i < ls; i++)
		if ((int)(res[i].r + 0.5) == 0) ans++;
	printf("%d\n", ans);
	for (int i = lt - 1; i < ls; i++)
		if ((int)(res[i].r + 0.5) == 0) printf("%d ", i - lt + 2);
	printf("\n");
	return 0;
}

### BZOJ1461 字符串匹配 题解 针对BZOJ1461字符串匹配问题,解决方法涉及到了KMP算法以及树状数组的应用。对于此类问题,朴素的算法无法满足时间效率的要求,因为其复杂度可能高达O(ML²),其中M代表模式串的数量,L为平均长度[^2]。 为了提高效率,在这个问题中采用了更先进的技术组合——即利用KMP算法来预处理模式串,并通过构建失配树(也称为失败指针),使得可以在主串上高效地滑动窗口并检测多个模式串的存在情况。具体来说: - **前缀函数与KMP准备阶段**:先对每一个给定的模式串执行一次KMP算法中的pre_kmp操作,得到各个模式串对应的next数组。 - **建立失配树结构**:基于所有模式串共同构成的一棵Trie树基础上进一步扩展成带有失配链接指向的AC自动机形式;当遇到某个节点不存在对应字符转移路径时,则沿用该处失配链路直至找到合适的目标或者回到根部重新开始尝试其他分支。 - **查询过程**:遍历整个待查文本序列的同时维护当前状态处于哪一层级下的哪个子结点之中,每当成功匹配到完整的单词就更新计数值至相应位置上的f_i变量里去记录下这一事实。 下面是简化版Python代码片段用于说明上述逻辑框架: ```python from collections import defaultdict def build_ac_automaton(patterns): trie = {} fail = [None]*len(patterns) # 构建 Trie 树 for i,pattern in enumerate(patterns): node = trie for char in pattern: if char not in node: node[char]={} node=node[char] node['#']=i queue=[trie] while queue: current=queue.pop() for key,value in list(current.items()): if isinstance(value,int):continue if key=='#': continue parent=current[key] p=fail[current is trie and 0 or id(current)] while True: next_p=p and p.get(key,None) if next_p:break elif p==0: value['fail']=trie break else:p=fail[id(p)] if 'fail'not in value:value['fail']=next_p queue.append(parent) return trie,fail def solve(text, patterns): n=len(text) m=len(patterns) f=[defaultdict(int)for _in range(n)] ac_trie,_=build_ac_automaton(patterns) state=ac_trie for idx,char in enumerate(text+'$',start=-1): while True: trans=state.get(char,state.get('#',{}).get('fail')) if trans!=None: state=trans break elif '#'in state: state[state['#']['fail']] else: state=ac_trie cur_state=state while cur_state!={}and'#'in cur_state: matched_pattern_idx=cur_state['#'] f[idx][matched_pattern_idx]+=1 cur_state=cur_state['fail'] result=[] for i in range(len(f)-1): row=list(f[i].values()) if any(row): result.extend([sum((row[:j+1]))for j,x in enumerate(row[::-1])if x>0]) return sum(result) patterns=["ab","bc"] text="abc" print(solve(text,text)) #[^4] ```
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