2020 年 9 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）——阅读版——仔细阅读题

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there arefour choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  When is cleaning walls a crime? When you’re doing it to create art, obviously. A number of street artists around the world have started expressing themselves through a practice known as reverse graffiti （涂鸦）. They find dirty surfaces and paint them with images or messages using cleaning brushes or pressure hoses (高压水管）. Either way, it’s the same principle: the image is made by cleaning away the dirt. Each artist has their own individual style but all artists share a common aim: to draw attention to the pollution in our cities. The UK’s Paul Curtis, better known as Moose, operates around Leeds and London and has been commissioned by a number of companies to make reverse graffiti advertisements.
  Brazilian artist, Alexandre Orion, turned one of Sao Paulo’s transport tunnels into an amazing wall painting in 2006 by getting rid of the dirt. Made up of a series of white skulls (颅骨），the painting reminds drivers of the effect their pollution is having on the planet. “Every motoristsits in the comfort of their car, but they don’t give any consideration to the price their comfort has for the environment and consequently for themselves,” says Orion.
  The anti-pollution message of the reverse graffiti artists confuses city authorities since the main argument against graffiti is that it spoils the appearance of both types of property: public and private. This was what Leeds City Council said about Moose’s work: “Leeds residents want to live in clean and attractive neighbourhoods. We view this kind of advertising as environmental damage and will take strong action against it.” Moose was ordered to “clean up his act.” How was he supposed to do this: by making all property he had cleaned dirty again?
  As for the Brazilian artist’s work, the authorities were annoyed but could find nothing to charge him with. They had no other option but to clean the tunnel but only the parts Alexandre had already cleaned.The artist merely continued his campaign on the other side. The city officials then decided to take drastic action. They not only cleaned the whole tunnel but every tunnel in Sao Paulo.

2020-09-02-46.—事实细节题—难—干扰项A出现关键字多易错选，正确答案D需读懂

46. What do we learn from the passage about reverse graffiti?【原文：A number of street artists around the world have started expressing themselves through a practice known as reverse graffiti （涂鸦）. They find dirty surfaces and paint them with images or messages using cleaning brushes or pressure hoses (高压水管）. Either way, it’s the same principle: the image is made by cleaning away the dirt. 】
    A. It uses paint to create anti-pollution images.
    B. It creates a lot of trouble for local residents.
    C. It causes lots of distraction to drivers.
    D. It turns dirty walls into artistic works.

46.关于反向涂鸦,我们能从本文中了解到什么?
A. 它使用颜料来创作反对污染的图案。
B. 它给当地市民造成了很多困扰。
C. 它使司机分散了很多注意力。
D. 它把肮脏的墙变成了艺术作品。

【定位】
由题干中的 reverse graffiti 定位到首段第四、五句：They fnd dirty surfaces and paint them with images or messages using cleaning brushes or pressure hoses (高压水管). Either way, it’s the sarne principle: the image is made by cleaning away the dirt.

【详解】
事实细节题。文章首段第四、五句指出，他们找到一些有污垢的墙面，然后用清洁刷或高压水管在上面画上图像或文字。不管用哪种方式，原则是一样的：这个图像是通过擦去污垢来画上的。由此可知反向涂鸦肮脏的墙变成了艺术作品，故答案为 D。

【干扰项排除】
首段第四句提到，街头艺术家找到一些有污垢的墙面，然后用清洁刷或高压水管在上面画上图像或文字，而非颜料，故排除 A 项；首段第六句提到，所有的画家都有一个共同的目的：提醒人们注意我们城市里的污染。而非给当地市面造成困扰，故排除B 项；文章第二段提及一条交通隧道里创造的反向涂鸦壁画旨在提醒司机他们的污染对地球造成的形响，但这并不能说明反向涂鸦会分散司机的注意力，故排除 C 项。

2020-09-02-47.—事实细节题—易—同义替换—draw attention to the pollution注意污染替代为raise … awareness … pollution提高污染意识

47. What do reverse graffiti artists try to do?【原文：Each artist has their own individual style but all artists share a common aim: to draw attention to the pollution in our cities.】
    A. Publicise their artistic pursuit.
    B. Beautify the city environment.
    C. Raise public awareness of environmental pollution.
    D. Express their dissatisfaction with local governments.

47.反向涂鸦艺术家想要做什么?
A. 宣传他们的艺术追求。
B. 美化城市环境。
C. 提高公众对于环境污染的意识。
D. 表达他们对于当地政府的不满。

定位：
由题干中的reverse graffiti artists定位到第一段第六句：Each artist has their own individual style but all artissts share a common aim: to draw attention to the pollution in our cities.

详解：
事实细节题。文章首段第六句提到，所有的画家都有一个共同的目的：提醒人们注意我们城市里的污染。由此可知，反向涂鸦艺术家想提高公众对于环境污染的意识，故答案为 C。

干扰项排除：
A项文中没有提及，故排除；B 项反向涂鸦虽然产生美化城市的结果，这并非是反向涂鸦艺术家的目的，故排除；D 项文中没有提及，故排除。

2020-09-02-48.—推理判断题—易—同义替换—transport tunnel into … painting替代为chose tunnel to do … art.

48. What do we learn about Brazilian artist Alexandre Orion?【原文：Brazilian artist, Alexandre Orion, turned one of Sao Paulo’s transport tunnels into an amazing wall painting in 2006 by getting rid of the dirt.】
    A. He was good at painting white skulls.
    B. He chose tunnels to do his graffiti art.
    C. He suggested banning all polluting cars.
    D. He was fond of doing creative artworks.

48.关于巴西艺术家亚历山大·奥利恩我们了解到了什么?
A. 他擅长画白色的颅骨。
B. 他选择了在隧道创作他的涂鸦艺术。
C. 他建议禁止所有污染环境的汽车。
D. 他喜欢创作艺术作品。

定位：
由题干中的 Brazilian artist Alexandre Orion 定位到第二段第一句：Brazilian artist,Alexan dre Orion, turned one of Sao Paulo’s transport tunnels into an amnazing wall painting in 2006 by getting rid of the dirt.

详解：
推理判断题。文章第二段第一句指出,巴西艺术家亚历山大·奥利恩，在 2006 时通过清除灰尘圣保罗的一条交通隧道变成了一副令人惊叹的壁画。由此可见,亚历山大·奥利恩他选择了在隧道来创作他的涂鸦艺术。故答案为B。

干扰项排除：本段第二句指出亚历山大·奥利恩创造的反向涂鸦是由一系列的白色头骨构成的画。根据此信息无法推出亚历山大·奥利恩擅长画白色的颅骨，故排除 A；本段最后一句话指出，奥利思说，每一位汽车驾驶员舒服地坐在他们的车里，但是他们没有丝毫考虑到他们的舒适给环境以及从而给他们自身带来的代价。奥利恩确实提倡司机要注意到环境污染问题，但根据本句话，无法推出奥利恩建议禁止所有污染环境的汽车，C 为过度推理，故排除；本段只是指出亚历山大·奥利恩创造的反向涂鸦是由一系列的白色头骨构成的画。无法推断他喜欢创作艺术作品，D为过度推理，故排除。

2020-09-02-49.—观点态度题—需要背诵关于态度方面的单词，不然不会选

49. What does the author imply about Leeds City Council’s decision?【原文：This was what Leeds City Council said about Moose’s work: “Leeds residents want to live in clean and attractive neighbourhoods. We view this kind of advertising as environmental damage and will take strong action against it.” Moose was ordered to “clean up his act.” How was he supposed to do this: by making all property he had cleaned dirty again?】
    A. It is simply absurd.
    B. It is well-informed.
    C. It is rather unexpected.
    D. It is quite sensible.

19.关于利兹市政府的决定作者暗示了什么?
A.很荒谬。
B.非常有见地。
C.很出人意料。
D.非常明智。

定位：
由题干中的 Leeds City Council’s decision 定位到第三段第二、三、四、五句：This was what Leeds City Council said about Moose’s work : “Leeds residents want to live in clean and attractive neighbourhoods, We view this kind of advertising as environmental damage and will take strong action against it. " Moose was ordered to " clean up his act, " fow was he supposed to do this ; by making all prperty he had cleaned dirty again?

详解：
观点态度题。第三段第二至五句提到,利兹市政府对于“麇鹿”(Moose)的作品的评价“：利兹市民想要生活在干净和有魅力的社区里。我们认为这种广告是一种对环境的破坏，我们会采取强硬措施来抵制它。“麇鹿”(Moose)被要求“清除他的作品"。他该怎么做呢，要把他清理的墙壁再弄脏吗?由此可见，对于已经创造好的反向涂鸦作品，无法再清除，故作者对于利兹市政府的决定很荒谬，故答案为 A。

干扰项排除：
根据定位句，同时排除其他选项。

2020-09-02-50.—难—推理判断题—干扰项A出现多个关键词—需要从“clean the whole tunnel”推理出“impossible for… 阻止他”

50. How did Sao Paulo city officials handle Alexandre Orion’s reverse graffiti?【原文：The artist merely continued his campaign on the other side. The city officials then decided to take drastic action. They not only cleaned the whole tunnel but every tunnel in Sao Paulo.】
    A. They made him clean all the tunnels in Sao Paulo.
    B. They took drastic action to ban all reverse graffiti.
    C. They charged him with polluting tunnels in the city.
    D. They made it impossible for him to practice his art.

50.圣保罗市官员是如何处理亚历山大，奥利恩的反向涂鸦的?
A.他们让他清理了圣保罗的所有隧道。
B.他们采取了强硬措施禁止所有的反向涂鸦。 
C.他们控告他污染了城市里的隧道。
D.他们让他不能继续他的艺术。

定位：
由题干中的 Sao Paulo city officials 定位到最后一段最后一句：They not only cleaned the whole tunnel but every tunnel in Sao Paulo.

详解：
推理判断题。最后一段最后一句指出，圣保罗的官员决定不仅清理了整个隧道，而且把圣保罗的每一条隧道都清理了。由此可知，隧道清理干净了，奥利恩就无法在隧道进行反向涂鸦创造了。圣保罗的官员让奥利恩不能继续他的艺术，故答案为 D。

干扰项排除：
最后一段第二句指出，官员没有别的选择，只能把隧道清理了但也只是清理了亚历山大已经清理的那一部分。而非让亚历山大自己亲自去清理，故排除A；最后一段倒数第二句指出，市政府官员决定采取强硬措施(drastc acton)，即清理了该市所有的隧道，而非禁止反向涂鸦创作，故排除 B；最后一段第一句指出，对于那位巴西艺术家的作品，当局非常恼怒，但是找不到任何理由向他提出控告，故排除 C。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  The practice of paying children an allowance became popular in America about 100 years ago. Nowadays, American kids on average receive about $ 800 per year in allowance. But the vast majority of American parents who pay allowance tie it to the completion of housework. Although many parents believe that paying an allowance for completing chores benefits their children, a range of experts expressed concern that tying allowance very closely to chores may not be ideal. In fact, the way chores work in many households worldwide points to another way.
  Suniya Luthar, a psychologist, is against paying kids for chores. Luthar is not opposed to giving allowances, but she thinks it’s important to establish that chores are done not because they will lead to payment, but because they keep the household running. Luthar’s suggested approach to allowance is compatible with that of writer Ron Lieber, who advises that allowances be used as a means of showing children how to save, give, and spend on things they care about. Kids should do chores, he writes, "for the same reason adults do, because the chores need to be done, and not with the expectation of compensatIon. "
  This argument has its critics, but considering the way chores are undertaken around the world may change people’s thinking. Professor David Lancy of Utah State University has studied how families around the world handle chores. At about 18 months of age, Lancy says, most children become eager to help their parents, and in many cultures, they begin helping with housework at that age. They begin with very simple tasks, but their responsibilities gradually increase. And they do these tasks without payment. Lancy contrasts this with what happens in America. “We deny our children’s bids to help until they are 6 or 7 years old,” Lancy says, "when many have lost the desire to help and then try to motivate them with payment. The solution to this problem is not to try to use money as an incentive to do housework, but to get children involved in housework much earlier, when they actually want to do it. "

2020-09-02-51.—事实细节题—易—CD选项类似+简单同义替换—not be ideal不理想替换为no turn to be the best thing。

51. What do some experts think about paying children for doing chores?【原文：Although many parents believe that paying an allowance for completing chores benefits their children, a range of experts expressed concern that tying allowance very closely to chores may not be ideal. 】
    A. It may benefit children in more ways than one.
    B. It may help children learn the worth of labor.
    C. It may not turn out to be the best thing to do.
    D. It may not be accepted by low-income parents.

51.专家是怎么者待给孩子钱让他们做家务的?
A. 它给孩子的益处不止一种。
B. 它能帮助孩子学会劳动的价值。
C. 它可能不是最好的办法。
D. 它可能不会被低收人父母接纳。

【定位】
由题干中的 paying children for doing chores 定位到首段第四句:Although many parents believe that paying an allowance for completing chores benefits their children, a range of experts expressed concer that tying allowance very closely to chores may not be ideal.

【详解】
事实细节题。文章首段第四句指出，虽然很多父母认为因为完成家务活而给孩子零用钱对他们的孩子来说是有益的，很多专家担心把零用钱和做家务联系地太紧密了可能不是很理想。由此可知，专家认为给孩子钱让他们做家务可能不是最好的办法。故答案为C。题干中的the best thing 对应原文中的 ideal。

【干扰项排除】
首段第四句提到，很多父母认为因为完成家务活而给孩子零用钱对他们的孩子来说是有益的，而非专家的看法，故排除 A 项；首段第三句提到大多数美国家长给孩子零用钱会把它和完成家务活联系在一起。但并未指出专家认为这样会让孩子懂得劳动的价值，故排除 B 项；原文并未提及低收人家庭，故排除 D 项。

2020-09-02-52.—事实细节题—两个but不出考题可惜了，协助定位—答案在第二个but，keep the household running替换为share family responsibilities.

52. According to Suniya Luthar, doing chores will help children learn to _____【原文：Suniya Luthar, a psychologist, is against paying kids for chores. Luthar is not opposed to giving allowances, but she thinks it’s important to establish that chores are done not because they will lead to payment, but because they keep the household running. 】 .
    A. share family responsibilities
    B. appreciate the value of work
    C. cultivate the spmt of independence
    D. manage domestic affairs themselves

52.根据苏妮娅·卢瑟的说法，做家务能帮孩子学会
A 分担家庭责任
B 领会工作的价值
C 培养独立精神
D 自己管理家庭事务

【定位】
由题干中的 Suniya Luthar 定位到第二段第一、二句：Suniya Luthar,a psychologist,is against paying kids for chores. Luthar is not opposed to giving allowances, but she thinks it’s important to establish that chores are done not because they will lead to payment, but because they keep the household running.

【详解】
事实细节题。文章第二段第一、二句提到，心理学家苏妮娅·卢瑟反对因为做家务而给孩子钱。卢瑟不反对给孩子零用钱，但是她认为应该明确不是因为能得到钱而做家务，而是因为做家务才能让一个家庭正常运转。由此可知，苏妮娅·卢瑟认为做家务能帮孩子学会分担家庭责任，故答案为 A。

【干扰项排除】
B 项文中没有提及，故排除；本段第三句指出，卢瑟建议的获取零用钱的方法与作家罗恩·利伯一致。罗恩·利伯建议零用钱被用作一种向孩子展示如何节省、给予和花在在乎的东西上的方法。根据此句话,无法推断出做家务可培养孩子的独立精神，故排除 C项；
第二段第二句指出，卢瑟不反对给孩子零用钱，但是她认为应该明确不是因为能得到钱而做家务，而是因为做家务才能让一个家庭正常运转。但并未提及做家务可令自己管理家庭事务，D 项为过度推理，故排除。

2020-09-02-53.—推理判断题—定位后优先看特殊词，比如此处的因果词because，但是此题不是，答案紧接在定位词后面。

53. What does Ron Lieber think should be the goal of giving children allowances?【原文：Luthar’s suggested approach to allowance is compatible with that of writer Ron Lieber, who advises that allowances be used as a means of showing children how to save, give, and spend on things they care about. Kids should do chores, he writes, "for the same reason adults do, because the chores need to be done, and not with the expectation of compensation. "】
    A. To help to strengthen family ties.
    B. To teach them how to manage money.
    C. To motivate them to do more housework.
    D. To show parents’ appreciation of their help.

53.罗恩.利伯认为给孩子零用钱的目的应该是什么?
A. 帮助加强家庭纽带。
B. 教会他们如何管理金钱。
C. 激励他们做更多的家务。
D. 表达父母对他们的帮忙的感激。

【定位】
由题干中的 Ron Lieber 定位到第二段第三、四句：Luthar’s suggested approach to allowance is compatible with that of writer Ron lieber, who advises that allowances be used as a means of showing children how to save, give, and spend on things they care about. Kids should do chores.he writes , "for the same reason adults do, because the chores need to be done, and not with the expectation of compensation.

【详解】
推理判断题。文章第二段第三、四句指出罗恩·利伯建议零用钱被用作一种向孩子展示如何节省、给予和花在在乎的东西上的方法。孩子们应该做家务，他写道:"和成人的理由一样，因为家务应该做，而不是为了期望得到补偿。”由此可见,罗恩·利伯认为零花钱教会孩子如何管理金钱，故答案为 B。

【干扰项排除】
罗恩，利伯并未提及有关零花钱可增强家庭纽带，故排除 A；本段第四句指出，罗恩·利伯认为孩子们应该做家务，他写道：“和成人的理由一样，因为家务应该做。”但并未指出零花钱可激励孩子做更多的家务，C 为过度推理，故排除； D 项原文并未提及，故排除。

2020-09-02-54.—推理判断题—定位后优先看特殊词，比如此处的转折词but，但是此题不是，答案紧接在定位词后面。—eager to help parent渴望帮助父母替换为help around the house在家里帮忙。

54. What does David Lancy say about 18-month-olds?【原文：At about 18 months of age, Lancy says, most children become eager to help their parents, and in many cultures, they begin helping with housework at that age. They begin with very simple tasks, but their responsibilities gradually increase. And they do these tasks without payment.】
    A. They have a natural instinct to help around the house.
    B. They are too young to request money for what they do.
    C. They should learn to understand family responsibilities.
    D. They need a little incentive to get involved in housework.

54.大卫·兰西说 18 个月的孩子会怎么样?
A. 他们本能地想在家里帮忙。
B. 他们太小了不能因为做了什么而要钱。
C. 他们应该学会理解家庭责任。
D. 他们需要一点动力来参与家务。

【定位】
由题干中的 David Lancy 和 18-month-olds 定位到第三段第三、四句: At about 18 months of age, Lancy says, most children become eager to help their parents, and in many cultures, they begin helping with housework at that age. They begin with very simple tasks, but their responsibilities gradually increase.

【详解】
推理判断题。第三段第三句提到，在大约 18 个月的时候，兰西说，大多数孩子会渴望帮助父母。由此可见，18个月的大的孩子本能地想在家里帮忙。故答案为A。

【干扰项排除】
兰西并未提及18 个月的大的孩子太小了不能因为做了什么而要钱，故排除 B；本段第四句指出在很多文化中，孩子也在 18 个月大就从很简单的任务开始，但是他们的责任会逐渐增长兰西并米提及 18 个月的大的孩子就应该学会理解家庭责任，故排除 C；
本段第七、八句指出，在美国，直到孩子六七岁，失去了帮忙的意愿，家长再以报酬的方法来刺激他们，这个并非针对 18 个月孩子的做法，故排除 D 。

2020-09-02-55.—推理判断题—AC选项类似，优先看，但是此题不是，答案紧接在定位词后面。—deny bid会导致lost desire和problem，所以要accept bid.

55. What does David Lancy advise American parents to do?【原文：Lancy contrasts this with what happens in America. “We deny our children’s bids to help until they are 6 or 7 years old,” Lancy says, "when many have lost the desire to help and then try to motivate them with payment. The solution to this problem is not to try to use money as an incentive to do housework, but to get children involved in housework much earlier, when they actually want to do it. "】
    A. Set a good example for children in doing housework.
    B. Make children do housework without compensation.
    C. Teach children how to do housework.
    D. Accept children’s early bids to help.

55.大卫·兰西建议美国父母怎么做?
A. 在做家务方面给孩子树立好榜样。
B. 让孩子无偿做家务。
C. 教孩子如何做家务。
D. 接受孩子早期想帮忙的尝试。

【定位】
由题干中的 David Lancy 和 advise 定位到第三段最后一句:The solution to this problem is not to try to use money as an incentive to do housework, but to get children involve in housework much earlier, when they actually want to do it."

【详解】
推理判断题。最后一段最后一句指出，兰西认为不要用钱来作为做家务的动力，而是在孩子真的想做家务的时候，让孩子更早地参与其中。由此可知，兰西认为美国家长应接受孩子早期想帮忙的尝试，故答案为 D。

【干扰项排除】
原文并未提及美国父母在做家务方面给孩子树立好榜样，故排除 A；最后一段最后一句指出，兰西认为这个问题解决的方法不是企图用钱来作为做家务的动力，而是让孩子更早地参与家务，在他们真的想做的时候，而非让孩子无偿做家务，B曲解了本话，故排除B；C 项并未提及，故排除。