2021 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 3 套）——阅读版——仔细阅读题

Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Boredom has become trendy. Studies point to how boredom is good for creativity and innovation, as well as mental health. It is found that people are more creative following the completion of a tedious task.When people are bored, they have an increase in “associative thought”-the process of making new connections between ideas, which is linked to innovative thinking. These studies are impressive, but in reality, the benefits of boredom may be related to having time to clear your mind, be quiet, or daydream.
  In our stimulation-rich world, it seems unrealistic that boredom could occur at all. Yet, there are valid reasons boredom may feel so painful. As it turns out, boredom might signal the fact that you have a need that isn’t being met.
  Our always-on world of social media may result in more connections, but they are superficial and can get in the way of building a real sense of belonging. Feeling bored may signal the desire for a greater sense of community and the feeling that you fit in with others around you.So take the step of joining an organization to build face-to-face relationships. You’ll find depth that you won’t get from your screen no matter how many likes you get on your post.
  Similar to the need for belonging, bored people often report that they feel a limited sense of meaning. It’s a fundamental human need to have a larger purpose and to feel like we’re part of something bigger than ourselves. When people are bored, they’re more likely to feel less meaning in their lives. If you want to reduce boredom and increase your sense of meaning, seek work where you can make a unique contribution, or find a cause you can support with your time and talent.
  If your definition of boredom is being quiet, mindful, and reflective, keep it up. But if you’re struggling with real boredom and the emptiness it provokes, consider whether you might seek new connections and more significant challenges. These are the things that will genuinely relieve boredom and make you more effective in the process.

2021-06-03-46.—细节辨认题—易—原词重现的同义替换—link to innovative thinking与创新思维有关替换为facilitate innovative thinking促进创新思维

46. What have studies found about boredom?【原文：Boredom has become trendy. Studies point to how boredom is good for creativity and innovation, as well as mental health. It is found that people are more creative following the completion of a tedious task.When people are bored, they have an increase in “associative thought”—the process of making new connections between ideas,which is linked to innovative thinking.These studies are impressive, but in reality, the benefits of boredom may be related to having time to clear your mind,be quiet,or daydream.】
    A It facilitates innovative thinking.
    B It is a result of doing boring tasks.
    C It helps people connect with others.
    D It does harm to one’s mental health.

46. 关于无聊，研究发现了什么？
A它促进创新思维。
B这是做无聊工作的结果。
C它帮助人们与他人联系。
D它对人的心理健康有害。

46.【定位】由题干中的 studies 和 boredom定位到第一段第二、三句。

A
【精析】细节辨认题。文章第一段第二句提到，研究指出，无聊是如何有利于创造力的。第三句提到，研究发现，人们在完成一项枯燥乏味的任务后更有创造力。第四句进一步指出，当人们感到无聊时，他们会增加“联想思维”，这与创新思维有关。由此可见,科学家对无聊所做的研究表明，无聊可以激发人们的创造性思维，故答案为 A。

【避错】文章第一段第三句提到，人们在完成一项枯燥乏味的任务后更有创造力，从事无聊工作的结果是有创造力，而不是更加无聊，故排除 B。

C 项是根据第四句中 new connections 设置的干扰项，文中是指“联想思维”是在思想之间建立新联系的过程，而非无聊帮人们与他人建立联系，故排除。文章第一段第二句提到，无聊如何有利于创造力和创新，以及心理健康。由此可见，无聊对心理健康是有益的，而非有害的，故排除 D。

2021-06-03-47.—推理判断题—难—定位词might indicate替换为might signal，答案a need that isn’t being met替换为desire to be fulfilled.

47. What does the author say boredom might indicate?【原文：In our stimulation-rich world, it seems unrealistic that boredom could occur at all. Yet, there are valid reasons boredom may feel so painful. As it turns out, boredom might signal the fact that you have a need that isn’t being met.】
    A A need to be left alone.
    B A desire to be fulfilled.
    C A conflict to be resolved.
    D A feeling to be validated.

47. 作者说无聊可能意味着什么？
A不需要被打扰。
B想要实现的愿望。
C有待解决的冲突。
D被证实的感觉。

47.【定位】由题干中的 boredom might indicate 定位到第二段最后一句。

B【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，事实证明，无聊可能表明你的需求没有得到满足。由此可知，人们感到无聊时，这表明人们的某种需求未得到满足，故答案为 B。

【避错】文章第五段第一句提到，如果你对无聊的定义是安静、专注和反省，那就坚持下去。但并未提到无聊意味着需要独处，由此可知，该选项过于片面，故排除 A。文中并未提及无聊意味着需要解决的冲突，故排除 C。
文章第三段第二句提到，感到无聊可能表明更强烈的群体意识渴望，并且想要融人你周围的人之中，这与想法或情感被认同有所不同，故排除 D。

2021-06-03-48.—推理判断题—难—but字后是重点，但是这个重点要推出选项C，够呛，而且后面还有干扰项feeling … community，干扰会排除选项C

48. What do we learn about social media from the passage?【原文：Our always-on world of social media may result in more connections, but they are superficial and can get in the way of building a real sense of belonging. Feeling bored may signal the desire for a greater sense of community and the feeling that you fit in with others around you.】
    A It may be an obstacle to expanding one’s connections.
    B It may get in the way of enhancing one’s social status.
    C It may prevent people from developing a genuine sense of community.
    D It may make people feel that they ought to fit in with the outside world.

48. 从文章中我们了解到社交媒体的什么信息？
A这可能是扩大人际关系的障碍。
B它可能会妨碍提高一个人的社会地位。
C这可能会阻碍人们发展真正的社区意识。
D这可能会让人们觉得他们应该适应外面的世界。

48.【定位】由题干中的 social media 定位到第三段第一、二句。

【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出,我们一直在线的社交媒体世界可能会产生更多的联系，但这些联系是肤浅的，可能会妨碍建立真正的归属感。感到无聊可能表明更强烈的群体意识的欲望，并且想要融人你周围的人之中。由此可见，过多的社交媒体会妨碍我们建立真正的归属感，造成群体意识的缺失，故答案为C。

【避错】文章第三段第一句指出，我们一直在线的社交媒体世界可能会产生更多的联系，由此可见，社交媒体是可以扩大人际关系的，故排除A。文中并未提及社交媒体会妨碍人们提高社会地位故排除 B。
文章第三段第二句指出，感到无聊可能表明更强烈的群体意识欲望，并且想要融人你周围的人之中，由此可见，社交媒体并不能帮助人们融人周围的人群中，而是妨碍了人们现实生活的粘合度，故排除D。

2021-06-03-49.—推理判断题—难—定位都不好定位，还在结合多个句子才能推理出来，没有原词复现。

49. What does the author suggest people do to get rid of boredom?【原文：So take the step of joining an organization to build face-to-face relationships. You’ll find depth that you won’t get from your screen no matter how many likes you get on your post.
      If your definition of boredom is being quiet, mindful, and reflective, keep it up. But if you’re struggling with real boredom and the emptiness it provokes, consider whether you might seek new connections and more significant challenges. These are the things that will genuinely relieve boredom and make you more effective in the process.】
    A Count the likes they get on their posts.
    B Reflect on how they relate to others.
    C Engage in real-life interactions.
    D Participate in online discussions.

51. 作者建议人们做什么来摆脱无聊？
A数一数他们帖子上的点赞数。
B反思他们与他人的关系。
C参与现实生活中的互动。
D参与在线讨论。

49.【定位】由题干中的 get rid of boredom 定位到第三段第三句和最后一段第二、三句。

【精析】推理判断题。第三段第三句提到采取措施加入一个组织，建立面对面的关系。最后一段第二句提到，如果你正与真正的无聊和它所引发的空虚作斗争，考虑一下你是否可能寻求新的联系和更重大的挑战。这些事情将真正缓解无聊，让你在这个过程中更有效率。综合两部分内容可知，答案为 C。

【避错】文章第三段最后一句明确提到，你会拥有深度的人际交往，这是你无论在你的帖子上得到多少点赞都获得不了的。由此可见，社交媒体上获得的关注，并不能满足人们现实生活中的情感需要，故排除 A。文章并未提及人们可以通过反思如何与他人相处来摆脱无聊，故排除 B。

文章第三段最后一句只提到了发表帖子这种网络社交方式，并未提及在线讨论，D 不符合文义，故排除。

2021-06-03-50.—推理判断题—难—定位难，在第四段；定位词enhance their sense of meaning替换为increase your sense of meaning；答案seek work where you can make a unique contribution替换为Devote themselves to a worthy cause

50. What should people do to enhance their sense of meaning?【原文：If you want to reduce boredom and increase your sense of meaning, seek work where you can make a unique contribution, or find a cause you can support with your time and talent.】
    A Try to do something original.
    B Confront significant challenges.
    C Define boredom in their unique way.
    D Devote themselves to a worthy cause.

50. 人们应该做些什么来增强他们的意义感？
A尝试做一些原创的东西。
B面对重大挑战。
C用他们独特的方式定义无聊。
D 献身于有价值的事业。

50.【定位】由题干中的enhance their sense of meaning定位到第四段最后一句。

D【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，如果你想减少无聊感，增加你的意义感，找一份你能做出独特贡献的工作，或者找一个你能用时间和才能支持的事业。由此可见，作者认为，人们想要增加意义感的两种方法为：
一、找一份可以做出独特贡献的工作；
二、找一份能有时间和才能支持的事业。
故答案为 D。

【避错】文章第四段最后一句指出，要增加意义感，找一份你能做出独特贡献的工作，但原创的事情并不一定能做出独特的贡献，故排除A。最后一段第二句提到，寻求新的联系和更重大的挑战可以真正缓解无聊。由此可见，这是缓解无聊的一种方式，与意义感无关，故排除B。文中并未提及以独特的方式定义无聊，故排除C。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  Can you remember what you ate yesterday? If asked, most people will be able to give a vague description of their main meals: breakfast, lunch, dinner. But can you be sure you’ve noted every snack bar in your car, or every handful of nuts at your desk? Most people will have a feeling that they’ve missed something out.
  We originally had this suspicion back in 2016, puzzled by the fact that national statistics showed calorie consumption falling dramatically over past decades. We found reliable evidence that people were drastically under-reporting what they ate.
  Now the Office for National Statistics has confirmed that we are consuming 50% more calories than our national statistics claim.
  Why is this happening? We can point to at least three potential causes. One is the rise in obesity levels itself. Under-reporting rates are much higher for obese people,because they simply consume more food,and thus have more to remember.
  Another cause is that the proportion of people who are trying to lose weight has been increasing over time. People who want to lose weight are more likely to under-report their eating-regardless of whether they are overweight or not. This may be driven partly by self-deception or "wishful thinking’'.
  The final potential cause is an increase in snacking and eating out over recent decades-both in terms of how often they happen and how much they contribute to our overall energy intake. Again, there is evidence that food consumed out of the home is one of the most poorly recorded categories in surveys.
  So, what’s the message conveyed? For statistics,we should invest in more accurate measurement options. For policy, we need to focus on options that make it easy for people to eat fewer calories. If people do not know how much they are eating, it can be really hard for them to stick to a diet. Also, we should be looking for new ways to ensure what people eat wouldn’t have much impact on their waistlines. If this works,it won’t matter if they can’t remember what they ate yesterday.

2021-06-03-51.—推理判断题—难—选项A强干扰项，长得一样，其实长得一样就是大问题了—同义替换—people were drastically under-reporting what they ate.替换为did not include snacks when reporting their calorie intake

51. What did the author suspect back in 2016?【原文：But can you be sure you’ve noted every snack bar in your car, or every handful of nuts at your desk? Most people will have a feeling that they’ve missed something out.
      We originally had this suspicion back in 2016, puzzled by the fact that national statistics showed calorie consumption falling dramatically over past decades. We found reliable evidence that people were drastically under-reporting what they ate.】
    A. Calorie consumption had fallen drastically over the decades.
    B. Most people surveyed were reluctant to reveal what they ate.
    C. The national statistics did not reflect the actual calorie consumption.
    D. Most people did not include snacks when reporting their calorie intake.

51. 2016年，作者怀疑的是什么？
A.在过去的几十年里，卡路里的消耗量急剧下降。
B.大多数被调查者不愿意透露他们吃了什么。
C.国家统计数据没有反映实际的卡路里消耗。
D.大多数人在报告他们的卡路里摄入量时没有包括零食。

51.【定位】由题干中的 suspect 和 back in 2016定位到第二段。

【精析】推理判断题。定位段指出，早在2016 年他们就有了这种怀疑，因为国家统计数据显示，在过去几十年，卡路里消耗量大幅下降，这让他们感到困惑。有可靠的证据证明人们严重地漏报了他们吃的东西。由此可见，有证据显示人们漏报了自己摄人的食物，因此作者怀疑国家统计局数据的真实性，故答案为 C。

【避错】文章第二段指出，国家统计数据显示，过去几十年，卡路里消耗量大幅下降，这让他们感到困惑。由此可见，卡路里消耗量的下降数据令人困惑，这是引起怀疑的原因，并非怀疑的内容，故排除A。
下文中提到人们漏报数据的原因，并非不想透露，而是因为某些原因无法准确汇报，故排除B。
文章第一段倒数第二句提到，你能确定你注意到了你在车里吃的小吃，或者你桌子上的每一把坚果吗，这是一个反问的句子，并不是作者的怀疑，而是一个事实，故排除 D。

2021-06-03-52.—细节辨认题—难—同义替换—50% more替换为far from

52. What has the Office for National Statistics verified?【原文：Now the Office for National Statistics has confirmed that we are consuming 50% more calories than our national statistics claim.
      Why is this happening? We can point to at least three potential causes. One is the rise in obesity levels itself. Under-reporting rates are much higher for obese people,because they simply consume more food,and thus have more to remember.】
    A. People’s calorie intake was far from accurately reported.
    B. The missing out of main meals leads to the habit of snacking.
    C. The nation’s obesity level has much to do with calorie intake.
    D. Calorie consumption is linked to the amount of snacks one eats.

52. 英国国家统计局证实了什么？
A.人们的卡路里摄入量远远没有得到准确的报告。
B.不吃正餐导致吃零食的习惯。
C.国家的肥胖水平与卡路里摄入有很大关系。
D.卡路里的消耗与一个人吃零食的量有关。

52.【定位】由题干中的 the Office for National Statistics 和 verified 定位到第三段。
A
【精析】细节辨认题。定位段提到,现在国家统计局已经证实，我们消耗的卡路里比国家统计数据声称的多 50%。由此可知，国家统计局所报道的数据，与人们消耗卡路里的真实数据有很大的出入，故答案为 A。

【避错】文章第三段提到，现在国家统计局已经证实，我们消耗的卡路里比国家统计数据声称的多50%。由此可见，国家统计局仅仅证实了这一个方面，即人们消耗卡路里的真实情况，故排除 B、C和 D项。

2021-06-03-53.—推理判断题—易—由“because they simply consume more food,and thus have more to remember.”太多记不住推出“They have difficulty recalling what they have eaten”很难回忆

53. What do we learn about obese people from the passage?【原文：Why is this happening? We can point to at least three potential causes. One is the rise in obesity levels itself. Under-reporting rates are much higher for obese people,because they simply consume more food,and thus have more to remember.】
    A. They usually keep their eating habits a secret.
    B. They overlook the potential causes of obesity.
    C. They cannot help eating more than they should.
    D. They have difficulty recalling what they have eaten.

53. 从文章中我们可以了解到关于肥胖者的什么？
A.他们通常对自己的饮食习惯保密。
B.他们忽视了肥胖的潜在原因。
C.他们忍不住吃得比应该吃的多。
D.他们很难回忆起他们吃了什么。

53.【定位】由题干中的obese people 定位到第四段最后一句。

【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，肥胖者的漏报”率要高得多，因为他们的确吃了更多的食物，因此需要记住更多的信息。由此可见，肥胖者因为自己摄人的食物过多，因此无法事无巨细地将自己所吃的食物完全记住，故答案为 D。

【避错】文章第四段最后一句指出，肥胖者的漏报率要高得多，因为他们的确吃了更多的食物，因此需要记住更多的信息。由此可见，肥胖者漏报率较高的原因，并不是不愿意泄露自己的饮食情况，而是记不全,故排除A。文中并未提及肥胖者忽视了肥胖的潜在原因，故排除 B。文章第四段最后一句提到，肥胖者吃更多的食物，但未提及他们忍不住吃得比他们应该吃的多，故排除 C。

2021-06-03-54.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—out of the home替换为eat out。

54. What often goes unnoticed in surveys on food consumption?【原文：The final potential cause is an increase in snacking and eating out over recent decades-both in terms of how often they happen and how much they contribute to our overall energy intake. Again, there is evidence that food consumed out of the home is one of the most poorly recorded categories in surveys.】
    A. The growing trend of eating out.
    B. The potential causes of snacking.
    C. People’s home energy consumption.
    D. People’s changing diet over the years.

54. 在食品消费调查中，什么经常被忽视？
A.外出就餐的增长趋势。
B.零食的潜在原因。
C.人们的家庭能源消耗。
D.多年来人们饮食的变化。

54.【定位】由题干中的 unnoticed in surveys on food consumption和题文同序原则定位到第六段,
A
【精析】细节辨认题。第六段提到，最后一个潜在的原因是，近几十年来，吃零食和外出吃饭的人越来越多，有证据表明，在调查中，外出吃掉的食物是记录最少的类别之一。由此可见，外出就餐通常被人们忽略，故答案为 A。

【避错】第六段第一句提到吃零食的人越来越多但并未提及吃零食的潜在原因，故排除 B。第六段只是提到外出就餐对人们整体能量摄人的影响，并未提及家庭能源的消耗，故排除 C。文章第六段提到人们在吃零食以及外出就餐这两个方面的变化，但饮食习惯的变化并不是食物摄人量调查中经常被忽视的方面，D项不符合文义，故排除。

2021-06-03-55.—推理判断题—易—由“eat fewer calories”推出“eat non-fattening food”

55. What does the author suggest policymakers do about obesity?【原文：For policy, we need to focus on options that make it easy for people to eat fewer calories. If people do not know how much they are eating, it can be really hard for them to stick to a diet. Also, we should be looking for new ways to ensure what people eat wouldn’t have much impact on their waistlines. If this works,it won’t matter if they can’t remember what they ate yesterday.】
    A. Remind people to cut down on snacking.
    B. Make sure people eat non-fattening food.
    C. Ensure people don’t miss their main meals.
    D. See that people don’t stick to the same diet.

55. 作者建议政策制定者对肥胖做些什么？
A.提醒人们少吃零食。
B.确保人们吃不油腻的食物。
C.确保人们不会错过正餐。
D.注意人们不要坚持同一种饮食。

55.【定位】由题干中的 policymakers do about obesity 定位到最后一段第三至五句。
B

【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，在政策方面，我们需要关注那些让人们容易摄人更少卡路里的选择。如果人们不知道自己吃了多少，那他们就真的很难坚持节食了。此外，我们应该寻找新的方法来确保人们的饮食不会对他们的腰围产生太大影响。由此可见，作者认为，政策制定者应该引导人们多吃一些卡路里较少的食物，使之尽量减少对体重的影响，故答案为 B。

【避错】定位句提到,在政策方面，我们需要关注那些让人们容易摄人更少卡路里的选择。我们应该寻找新的方法来确保人们的饮食不会对他们的腰围产生太大影响。由此可见，这是一个全面低卡饮食的建议，并不是只针对零食，故排除A。
文中提到用低卡路里饮食来确保腰围不再增加，并没有提到主餐的话题，故排除 C。
最后一段第四句指出，如果人们不知道自己吃了多少，那他们就真的很难坚持节食了。由此可见，作者认为肥胖者应坚持节食，而不是让人们坚持不同的饮食，故排除 D。