2023 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 3 套）——阅读版——仔细阅读题

Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Supermarkets have long been suffering as one of the thinnest-margined businesses in existence and one of the least-looked-forward-to places to work or visit. For more than a decade, they have been under attack from e-commerce giants, blamed for making Americans fat, and accused of contributing to climate change.
  Supermarkets can technically be defined as giants housing 15,000 to 60,000 different products. The revolutionary idea of a self-service grocery, where people could hunt and gather food from aisles rather than asking a clerk to fetch items from behind a counter, first came about in America. There is some debate about which was the very first, but over the years a consensus has built around King Kullen Supermarket, founded in New York in 1930.
  For some 300 years, Americans had fed themselves from small stores and public markets. Shopping for food involved mud, noisy chickens, clouds of flies, nasty smells, bargaining, and getting short- changed. The supermarket imitated the Fordist factory, with its emphasis on efficiency and standardization, and reimagined it as a place to buy food. Supermarkets may not feel cutting-edge now, but they were a revolution in distribution at the time. They were such strange marvels that, on her first official state visit to the United States in 1957, Queen Elizabeth II insisted on an impromptu (即兴的) tour of a suburban-Maryland Giant Food.
  The typical supermarket layout has barely changed over the past 90 years. Most stores open with flowers, fruit and vegetables at the front as a breath of freshness to arouse our appetite. Meanwhile, they keep the milk, eggs, and other daily basics all the way back so you’ll travel through as much of the store as possible, and be tempted along the way.
  In the early days, as the supermarket multiplied, so did our suspicion of it. We have long feared that this “revolution in distribution” uses corporate black magic on our appetite. The book The Hidden Persuaders, published in 1957, warned that supermarkets were putting women in a “hypnoidal trance (催眠恍惚状态),” causing them to wander aisles bumping into boxes and “picking things off shelves at random.”

  (46) 长期以来，超市一直是现存利润最微薄的行业之一，也是人们最不期待去工作和光顾的地方之一。十多年来，超市一直受到了来自电子商务巨头的冲击，被指责不但造成了美国人发胖，还加剧了气候变化。
  从技术上讲，超市可以被定义为容纳15,000至60,000种不同商品的巨型商店。(47)自助式杂货店这一革命性想法最早起源于美国，在这里，人们可以自己从货架上挑选、收集食物，而不必让店员从柜台后 取货。关于到底哪家超市是第一家一直存在争议，但多年来，人们已经达成共识，认为金库伦超市是第一家超市，该超市于1930年在纽约成立。
  在长达300年的时间里，美国人一直在小商店和公共市场购物。人们买菜需要穿过泥泞的道路，听着鸡群嘹亮的啼鸣，苍蝇嗡嗡作响，忍受着难闻的气味，讨价还价，有时甚至还会遭遇找零不足的情况。 (48) 超市模仿了福特主义工厂的理念，注重效率和标准化，并将其重新构想为购买食物的场所。尽管如今超市可能已不再具备前沿感，但在当时，超市可是销售领域的一场革命。超市可谓是奇特的创举，甚至在1957年，女王伊丽莎白二世首次对美国进行正式国事访问时，她坚持要即兴参观一家位于马里兰郊区的巨型食品店。
  (49) 过去90年来，典型的超市布局几乎没有太大变化。大多数超市都会在门口陈列鲜花、水果和蔬 菜，给人们带来一股清新的气息，唤起我们的食欲。与此同时，超市还将牛奶、鸡蛋等其他日常必需品摆放在最内侧，这样顾客需要穿过商店中尽可能多的区域，途中很可能会受到各种诱惑。
  早期，随着超市的增加，我们对它的怀疑也在增加。(50)我们长期以来一直担心这种“分销革命”会利用企业的黑魔法来操纵我们的欲望。1957年出版的《隐藏的劝说者》 一书警告称，超市让女人陷入了“催眠恍惚状态”,这使她们在货架间漫无目的地徘徊并“随机从货架上挑选商品”。

2023-06-03-46.—细节辨认题—难-关键单词不懂，accused of指责，容易误选D，adapt适应—同义替换难，“thinnest-margined businesses利润最微薄”替换为“loss profit”

46. What problem have supermarkets been facing?【原文：Supermarkets have long been suffering as one of the thinnest-margined businesses in existence and one of the least-looked-forward-to places to work or visit.For more than a decade, they have been under attack from e-commerce giants, blamed for making Americans fat, and accused of contributing to climate change.】
    A. They are actually on the way to bankruptcy.
    B. They have been losing customers and profits.
    C. They are forced to use e-commerce strategies.
    D. They have difficulty adapting to climate change.

46. 超市面临着什么问题？
A.他们实际上正在走向破产。
B.他们一直在失去顾客和利润。
C.他们被迫使用电子商务策略。
D.他们难以适应气候变化。

46.【定位】由题干中的 problem 和 facing定位到第一段。

B【精析】细节辨认题。定位段提到，长期以来，超市一直都是利润最微薄的行业之一，也是人们最不期待去工作和光顾的地方之一。十多年来，超市一直受到了来自电子商务巨头的冲击，被指责不但造成了美国人发胖，还加剧了气候变化。由此可知，超市的顾客和利润一直在减少，故答案为B。

【避错】首段第一句指出，超市长期以来一直都是利润最微薄的行业之一，第二句提到，超市受到来自电子商务巨头的冲击，但并没有表明超市因此走向破产，A. 项为过度推理，故排除。

首段第二句提到，超市一直受到了来自电子商务巨头的冲击，而非超市被迫采用电子商务策略，故排除C。

首段第二句提到，人们指责超市加剧了气候变化，而非超市很难适应气候变化，故排除D。

2023-06-03-47.—细节辨认题—定位句出现rather than ，前面更重要，但是这题不是—简单同义替换，America替换为United States

47. What does the passage say about the idea of a self-service grocery?【原文：The revolutionary idea of a self-service grocery, where people could hunt and gather food from aisles rather than asking a clerk to fetch items from behind a counter, first came about in America.There is some debate about which was the very first, but over the years a consensus has built around King Kullen Supermarket, founded in New York in 1930.】
    A. It was put forward by King Kullen.
    B. It originated in the United States.
    C. It has been under constant debate.
    D. It proves revolutionary even today.

47. 文章对自助杂货店的概念说了什么？
A.这是库伦国王提出的。
B.它起源于美国。
C.它一直处于争论之中。
D.即使在今天，它也被证明是革命性的。

47.【定位】由题干中 的 the idea of a self-service grocery 定位到第二段第二句。
B【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，自助式杂货店这个想法最早起源于美国，故答案为 B。

【避错】第二段末句提到，人们达成共识，认为纽约的金库伦超市是第一家超市，而非自助杂货店的想法由金库伦超市提出，故排除A 。

第二段末句提到，关于到底哪家超市是第一家一直存在争议，而非自助杂货店的想法存在争议，故排除C 。

第三段第四句指出， 在当时，超市可是销售领域的一场革命，而非在当下该想法也被证明具有革命性，故排除D。

2023-06-03-48.—细节辨认题—定位难，需要到下一段去，同义替换简单，revolution in distribution分配革命替换为revolutionized the distribution of goods改变了商品的分配方式.

48. What did supermarkets do by adopting the Fordist factory approach?【原文：The supermarket imitated the Fordist factory, with its emphasis on efficiency and standardization, and reimagined it as a place to buy food.
      Supermarkets may not feel cutting-edge now, but they were a revolution in distribution at the time. They were such strange marvels that, on her first official state visit to the United States in 1957, Queen Elizabeth II insisted on an impromptu (即兴的) tour of a suburban-Maryland Giant Food.】
    A. They modernized traditional groceries in many ways.
    B. They introduced cutting-edge layout of their stores.
    C. They improved the quality of the food they sold.
    D. They revolutionized the distribution of goods.

49. 超市采用福特工厂的方式做了什么？
A.他们在很多方面使传统食品杂货现代化。
B.他们引进了最先进的商店布局。
C.他们提高了所售食品的质量。
D.他们彻底改变了商品的分配方式。

48.【定位】由题干中的Fordist factory approach定位到第三段第三、四句。

D【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，超市模仿了福特主义工厂的理念，注重效率和标准化，并将其重 新构想为购买食物的场所。尽管如今超市可能已 不再具备前沿感，但在当时，超市可是销售领域的一场革命。由此可知，超市通过采用福特工厂的方法，将其应用到购买食物的场景中，由此改变了食物的销售方式，故答案为D。

【避错】定位句只是指出超市模仿了福特工厂的模 式，把它想象成购物的地方，改变了销售方式，而非超市通过模仿了福特工厂的模式，对传统杂货店进行了现代化改造，现代化改造是比改变食物的销售方式更为宽泛的概念，故排除A。 文中并未提到 “它们采用了最先进的店面布局”和“改善了食品质量”，故排除 B 和 C。

2023-06-03-49.—推理判断题—难—干扰项多，选项A出现多个关键词，但意思不对；由“so you’ll travel through as much of the store as possible, and be tempted along the way所以你会在尽可能多的商店里穿行，一路上都会受到诱惑”推出“Induce customers to make more unplanned purchases.诱导顾客进行更多计划外的购买。”

49. What is the typical supermarket layout intended to do?【原文：The typical supermarket layout has barely changed over the past 90 years. Most stores open with flowers, fruit and vegetables at the front as a breath of freshness to arouse our appetite. Meanwhile, they keep the milk, eggs, and other daily basics all the way back so you’ll travel through as much of the store as possible, and be tempted along the way.】
    A. Arouse customers’ appetite to buy flowers, fruit and vegetables.
    B. Provide customers easy access to items they want to buy.
    C. Induce customers to make more unplanned purchases.
    D. Enable customers to have a more enjoyable shopping experience.

49. 典型的超市布局是为了做什么？
A.激发顾客购买鲜花、水果和蔬菜的欲望。
B.为顾客提供他们想要购买的物品的便捷途径。
C.诱导顾客进行更多计划外的购买。
D.使顾客有更愉快的购物体验。

【定位】由题干中的 typical supermarket layout intended to do定位到第四段。
C【精析】推理判断题。定位段指出，典型的超市布局会在前面设有鲜花、水果和蔬菜，唤起我们的食欲。将牛奶、鸡蛋等其他日常基本商品都放置在最内侧，顾客需要穿过尽可能多的区域才能购买到必须要买的日用品，从而在途中受到诱惑，增加更多的非计划购买，故答案为C。

【避错】第四段第二句指出，超市通常将鲜花、水果和蔬菜放在前部以吸引顾客的注意，但这不是布局的主要目的。这样布局是为了在进入超市时，能给顾客带来一股新鲜感，而不是唤起顾客只购买鲜花、水果、蔬菜的欲望，故排除A。

第四段第三句指出，超市还将牛奶、鸡蛋等其他日常必需品摆放在最内侧，这样顾客需要穿过整个商店才能买到必需品，如果超市为客户提供方便，让他们买到想买的商品，应该把必需品放置在超市的人口处，由此可知，超市布局不是为了给客户提供方便，让他们买到想买的商品，故排除 B。

第四段第三句提到， 超市的布局是为了增加更多的非计划购买，而不是为了提供愉快的购物体验，故排除D。

2023-06-03-50.—推理判断题—难—很多原词复现要注意主语，选项C的主语是goods on display，而题目主语是on our appetite我们的欲望。—推理也很难，由“supermarkets were putting women in a “hypnoidal trance (催眠恍惚状态),” causing them to wander aisles bumping into boxes and “picking things off shelves at random.””推出“They use tricky strategies to promote their business”，推理有点难。

50. What have people long feared about supermarkets?【原文：We have long feared that this “revolution in distribution” uses corporate black magic on our appetite. The book The Hidden Persuaders, published in 1957, warned that supermarkets were putting women in a “hypnoidal trance (催眠恍惚状态),” causing them to wander aisles bumping into boxes and “picking things off shelves at random.”】
    A. They use tricky strategies to promote their business.
    B. They are going to replace the local groceries entirely.
    C. They apply corporate black magic to the goods on display.
    D. They take advantage of the weaknesses of women shoppers.

50. 人们长期以来对超市的恐惧是什么？
A.他们使用狡猾的策略来推广他们的业务。
B.他们将完全取代当地的食品杂货。
C.他们对展出的商品施了企业黑魔法。
D.他们利用了女性购物者的弱点。

50.【定位】由题干中的 long feared about supermarkets 定位到最后一段第二句。

A【 精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，人们长期以来一直担心这种“分销革命”会利用企业的黑魔法来 操纵他们的欲望。下一句以女性逛超市，经常漫无目的地徘徊，随机购物为例，说明超市用策略增加人们的消费。由此可见，人们一直担心超市用策略推销自己的生意，故答案为 A 。

【避错】文中并没有明确提到人们担心超市会完全取代当地杂货店，故排除B。

定位句指出，人们长期以来一直担心这种“分销革命”会利用企业的黑魔法来操纵他们的欲望，而非担心企业的黑魔法用在产品的展示上，故排除C。

文章末段提到了人们对超市的担忧，并以女性在超市购物为例进行说明，但没有明确提及超市利用女性顾客的弱点，故排除D。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  The traditional school year, with three months of vacation every summer, was first implemented when America was an agricultural society and the summer months were needed for farm work. Since then, we’ve completely changed as a nation. Students no longer spend summers farming, but they aren’t in school, either. The average American student receives 13 weeks off from school each calendar year — with about 11 of those during the summer. Few other countries have more than seven weeks off in a school calendar.
  With the US lagging behind countries in academics, it’s time to consider year-round schooling. One benefit of this change is that students will not fall victim to the “summer slide,” or the well-documented phenomenon where students forget some of the knowledge they have acquired when too much time is taken off from school. Decades of research shows that it can take from 8 to 13 weeks at the beginning of every school year for students to get back to where they were before the summer holiday.
  But year-round schooling isn’t just about academics. Teachers and students experience a closer relationship in year-round schools than they do in traditional schools and, in the absence of any long-term break, students do not feel detached from the school environment. These closer bonds and greater attachment pay off. Research shows that students in year-round schools are more self-confident and feel more positive about their schooling experience.
  But don’t kids need time to relax? Some childhood development experts believe that time off from school is vital to healthy development as kids are not designed to spend so much of their time inside classrooms and the summer break provides a perfect opportunity to get outside. The problem with this argument is that most children aren’t playing outside or even spending time with other kids. While some children visit summer camps, most stay at home, watching TV or playing games on electronic devices, which hardly benefits them.
  The US has changed from a farming economy to a knowledge- and innovation-based economy, so it makes sense for the school year to change as well.

  (51)传统的学年，每年夏天有三个月的假期，最初是在美国还是农业社会时实施的，夏季的几个月需要从事农场工作。从那时起，作为一个国家，我们完全改变了。学生们不再用暑假种地，但他们也不在学 校。普通的美国学生每年都可以获得13周的假期，其中大约11周是在夏季。很少有其他国家每年会放 超过7周的假期。
  由于美国在学术上落后于其他国家，是时候考虑一下全年制学校教育了。这种改变的一个好处是，学 生们不会成为“夏季滑坡”的受害者，这是一种有证据证明的现象，即当学生们离开学校的时间太长时，他们会忘记一些已经学过的知识。几十年的研究表明，每学年开始时，学生们可能需要8到13周的时间才能回到暑假前的状态。
  但是全年制学校教育并不仅仅关于学术。(52)相较于传统的学校，在全年制学校里，老师和学生会形 成更密切的关系，并且，在没有任何长期假期的情况下，学生们不会感到与学校环境脱节。这种更为亲密 的联系和更强的依恋是有益的。研究表明，全年制学校的学生们更加自信，对他们的校园体验有更积极的态度。
  但是学生们不需要时间去放松吗?(53)一些儿童发展专家认为，放假对孩子的健康发展至关重要，因为孩子们不适合在教室里花那么多时间，而暑假提供了一个外出的绝佳机会。(54) 这种观点的问题在于，大多数孩子都不出去玩，甚至不花时间和其他孩子在一起。虽然有些孩子参加夏令营，但大多数孩子待在家里看电视或玩电子游戏，这对他们几乎没有好处。
  (55)美国已经从农业国家转变为以知识和创新为基础的经济体，因此改变学年也是有意义的。

2023-06-03-51.—细节辨认题—易—“were needed for farm work.”替换为“needed to help with farm work”.虽然题目没有提及是student需要帮忙农业，但是暑假就是给学生的，所以主语就是学生。

51. Why did America’s traditional school year have a three-month summer vacation?【原文：The traditional school year, with three months of vacation every summer, was first implemented when America was an agricultural society and the summer months were needed for farm work.】
    A. Students needed to help with farm work.
    B. Students needed time to learn necessary farming skills.
    C. The agricultural society then attached less importance to academics.
    D. America lagged behind other countries in making a scientific school calendar.

51. 为什么美国传统的学年有三个月的暑假？
A.学生需要帮忙做农活。
B.学生需要时间来学习必要的农业技能。
C.农业社会不那么重视学术。
D.美国在制定科学的校历方面落后于其他国家。

51.【定位】由题干中的a three-month summer vacation定位到首段第一句。

A【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，传统的学年，每年夏天有三个月的假期，最初是在美国还是农业社会时实施的，夏季的几个月需要从事农场工作，故答案为A 。

【避错】文中未提及B.“学生们需要时间去学习必要的农业技能”、C.“当时的农业社会对学术不太重视”和D.“美国在制订科学的校历方面落后于其他国家"，故排除。

2023-06-03-52.—细节辨认题—难—定位难，不在第二段，而在第三段—同义替换容易，“Teachers and students experience a closer relationship”替换为“strengthen their relationship with teachers”

52. What benefit will year-round schooling bring students in addition to improving their learning?【原文：But year-round schooling isn’t just about academics. Teachers and students experience a closer relationship in year-round schools than they do in traditional schools and, in the absence of any long-term break, students do not feel detached from the school environment.】
    A. It will help them get back to where their lessons started.
    B. It will enable them to absorb what they have learned.
    C. It will familiarize them with the school environment.
    D. It will strengthen their relationship with teachers.

52. 除了提高学生的学习能力外，全年制学校还能给学生带来什么好处？
A.这将帮助他们回到课程开始的地方。
B.这将使他们能够吸收所学的知识。
C.这将使他们熟悉学校环境。
D.这将加强他们与老师的关系。

52.【定位】由题干中的 benefit 和 year-round schooling 定位到第三段首句。

D【 精析】细节辨认题。第二段主要论述了全年制学校教育在学术方面的好处，第三段则补充说明其在其他方面的益处。第三段第二句中提到，相较于传统的学校，在全年制学校里，老师和学生会形成一种更为亲密的关系，故答案为D。

【避错】“它会帮助他们回到课程开始的地方”属于学术方面的好处，故排除A 。文中未提及“它会让他们吸收所学的知识”，故排除B。

第三段提到，在没有任何长期假期的情况下，学生们不会感到与学校环境脱节，这并不意味着“它会让他们熟悉学校环境”，故排除C。

2023-06-03-53.—细节辨认题—同义替换—“is vital to healthy development as kids”替换为“It contributes to students healthy growth”

53. What do some childhood development experts believe about the long summer vacation?【原文：But don’t kids need time to relax? Some childhood development experts believe that time off from school is vital to healthy development as kids are not designed to spend so much of their time inside classrooms and the summer break provides a perfect opportunity to get outside.The problem with this argument is that most children aren’t playing outside or even spending time with other kids. While some children visit summer camps, most stay at home, watching TV or playing games on electronic devices, which hardly benefits them.】
    A. It meets students’need to study on their own.
    B. It enables students to learn about the outside world.
    C. It satisfies students’ desire to stay longer at home.
    D. It contributes to students healthy growth.

53. 一些儿童发展专家对长暑假有什么看法？
A.它满足了学生自主学习的需要。
B.它使学生了解外面的世界。
C.它满足了学生想在家里待久一点的愿望。
D.它有助于学生的健康成长。

53.【定位】由题干中的childhood development experts 定位到第四段第二句。

D【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，一些儿童发展专家认为，放假对孩子的健康发展至关重要，因为孩子们不适合在教室里花那么多时间，而暑假提供了一个外出的绝佳的机会，故答案为D 。

【避错】文中未提及“它满足了学生独立学习的需求”，故排除A 。虽然定位句中提到了暑假可以提供一个外出的绝佳的机会，但最终目的是确保学生健康成长，而非了解外面的世界，故排除B。

第四段提及大部分学生会在暑期待在家里，但这是一种不好的现象，故排除C。

2023-06-03-54.—细节辨认题—定位难—同义替换，“which hardly benefits them这对他们几乎没有好处”替换为“It does little good to most students它对大多数学生没有什么好处”

54. What is the argument against the experts’ idea of a long summer vacation?【原文：But don’t kids need time to relax? Some childhood development experts believe that time off from school is vital to healthy development as kids are not designed to spend so much of their time inside classrooms and the summer break provides a perfect opportunity to get outside.The problem with this argument is that most children aren’t playing outside or even spending time with other kids.While some children visit summer camps, most stay at home,watching TV or playing games on electronic devices,which hardly benefits them.】
    A. It does little good to most students.
    B. It benefits few students playing outside.
    C. It leads students to neglect their studies.
    D. It makes students addicted to computer games.

54. 反对专家们放长暑假的理由是什么？
A.它对大多数学生没有什么好处。
B.很少有学生在外面玩。
C.它导致学生忽视他们的学习。
D.它使学生沉迷于电脑游戏。

54.【定位】由题干中的 the argument against the experts’idea 定位到第四段第三、四句。

A【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，这种观点的问题在于，大多数孩子都不出去玩，甚至不花时间和其他孩子在一起。虽然有些孩子参加夏令营，但大多数孩子待在家里看电视或玩电子游戏，这对他们几乎没有好处。因此，答案为 A。

【避错】“它有利于极少的在户外玩耍的孩子”是支持专家观点的论据，与题干不符，故排除 B。

“它导致学生忽略学业”和“它让学生沉迷于电脑游戏” 是对定位段中“大多数孩子待在家里看电视或玩电子游戏”的过度推断，故排除C 和 D。

2023-06-03-55.—观点态度题—题文同序原则定位到最后一段—由“it makes sense for the school year to change as well改变学年也是有意义的”推出“traditional school year was Outdated传统学年的设置是过时的”

55. What does the author think of the traditional school year in the US today?【原文：The US has changed from a farming economy to a knowledge and innovation-based economy, so it makes sense for the school year to change as well.】
    A. Well-grounded.
    B. Culture-bound.
    C. Outdated.
    D. Welcomed.

55.作者如何看待当今美国的传统学年？
A. 基础牢固的。
B. 受文化制约的。
C. 过时了的。
D. 欢迎的。

55.【定位】由题干中的 the traditional school year in the U.S.today 和题文同序原则定位到最后一段。

C【 精析】观点态度题。定位段指出，美国已经从农业国家转变为以知识和创新为基础的经济体，因此改变学年也是有意义的。言外之意是传统学年的设置是过时的，故答案为C。

【避错】文中未提及A. “有充分依据的"、B. “受文化限制的”和D. “受欢迎的”，故排除。