2023 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）——阅读版——仔细阅读题

Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  The United States is facing a housing crisis: Affordable housing is inadequate, while luxury homes abound (充裕), and homelessness remains a persistent problem. Despite this, popular culture and the housing industry market happiness as living with both more space and more amenities (便利设施). Big houses are advertized as a reward for hard work and diligence, turning housing from a basic necessity into a luxury.
  This is reflected in our homes. The average single-family home built in the United States before 1970 was less than 1,500 square feet in size. By 2016, the average size of a new, single-family home was 2,422 square feet. What’s more, homes built in the 2000s were more likely than earlier models to have more of all types of spaces: bedrooms, bathrooms, living rooms, dining rooms, recreation rooms and garages.
  There are consequences of living big. As middle-class houses have grown larger, two things have happened. First, large houses take time to maintain, so cleaners and other low-wage service workers are required to keep these houses in order. Second, once-public spaces, where people from diverse backgrounds used to come together, have increasingly become privatized, leading to a reduction in the number of public facilities available to all, and a reduced quality of life for many. Take swimming pools. While in 1950, only 2,500 U.S. families owned pools, by 1999 this number was 4 million. At the same time, public municipal pools were often closed, leaving low-income people nowhere to swim.
  The trend for bigger housing thus poses ethical questions.Should Americans accept a system in which the middle and upper classes enjoy a luxurious lifestyle,using the low-wage labor of others? Are we willing to accept a system in which an increase in amenities purchased by the affluent means a reduction in amenities for the poor?
  I believe neither is acceptable. We must change the way we think: living well does not need to mean having more private spaces; instead, it could mean having more public spaces. A better goal than building bigger houses for some is to create more publicly accessible spaces and amenities for all.

  美国正面临住房危机：经济适用房不足，而豪宅比比皆是，无家可归仍然是一个长期存在的问题。尽 管如此，流行文化和房地产行业将幸福感营销为居住在更大空间和拥有更多的便利设施。(46)大房子被 宣传为是对辛苦工作和勤奋的奖励，而这一宣传将住房从基本必需品变成了奢侈品。
  这反映在我们的家里。1970年之前，美国建造的独栋房屋平均面积不到1,500平方英尺。到2016 年，新的独栋住宅的平均面积为2,422平方英尺。此外，21世纪建造的房屋比早期的模型更有可能拥有 更多的所有类型的空间：卧室、浴室、客厅、餐厅、娱乐室和车库。
  (47-1)住房面积的增大带来一些后果。随着中产阶级的房子越来越大，发生了两件事。首先，大房子 需要时间来维护，所以需要清洁工和其他低工资的服务人员来保持房屋整洁。(47-2)第二，曾经的公共空 间常有来自不同背景的人聚集在一起，如今变得越来越私有化，导致所有人可用的公共设施数量减少，许多人的生活质量也相应降低。 以游泳池为例。1950年，只有2,500个美国家庭拥有游泳池，而到1999 年，这一数字为400万。与此同时，市政公共游泳池经常关闭，让低收入人群无处游泳。
  (48)因此，住房面积增大的趋势引发了道德问题。 美 国人应该接受一种中上层阶级利用他人的低薪 劳动享受奢侈的生活方式的制度吗?(49-1)我们是否愿意接受这样一种富人购买便利设施的增加意味着 穷人的便利设施减少的制度?
  (49-2)我认为两者都不可接受。 我们必须改变我们的思维方式：过得好并不意味着拥有更多的私人空间；(50)相反，它可以意味着拥有更多的公共空间。对一些人来说，比起建造更大的房子，更好的目标是 为所有人创造更多的公共空间和便利设施。

2023-06-01-46.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—“reward for hard work”替换为“reward for industriousness”

46. What are big houses promoted to be in the United States?【原文：Big houses are advertized as a reward for hard work and diligence, turning housing from a basic necessity into a luxury.】
    A. A luxury for the homeless.
    B. A reward for industriousness.
    C. An abundant source of comforts.
    D. An absolute necessity for happiness.

46. 在美国，大房子被宣传成什么样子？
A.无家可归者的奢侈品。
B.对勤奋的奖励。
C.丰富的舒适之源。
D.幸福的绝对必需品。

46.【定位】由题干中的 big houses 和 promoted to be 定位到首段第三句。

B【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，大房子被宣传为是对辛勤工作和勤奋的奖励，而这一宣传将住房从基本必需品变成了奢侈品。由此可见，流行文化与房地产行业都以大房子是对辛苦工作和勤 奋的奖励为噱头来推销豪宅，industriousness是 对 hard work和 diligence的同义转述，故答案为B。

【避错】首段第一句提到，经济适用房不足，而豪宅比比皆是，无家可归仍然是一个长期存在的问题， 可见“大房子是无家可归者的奢侈品”是问题，不可能成为促销理由，故排除A。 首段第二句提到，流行文化和房地产行业将幸福感营销为居住在更 大空间和拥有更多的便利设施，但这并不意味大房子是“舒适的丰富源泉”和“幸福的绝对需要”，故排除 C和 D。

2023-06-01-47.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—“reduced quality of life for many”替换为“Many Americans’ quality of life has become lower许多美国人的生活质量下降了”

47. What is one of the consequences of living big?【原文：There are consequences of living big. As middle-class houses have grown larger, two things have happened. First, large houses take time to maintain, so cleaners and other low-wage service workers are required to keep these houses in order. Second, once-public spaces, where people from diverse backgrounds used to come together, have increasingly become privatized, leading to a reduction in the number of public facilities available to all, and a reduced quality of life for many. 】
    A. Many Americans’ quality of life has become lower.
    B. People from diverse backgrounds no longer socialize.
    C. People no longer have access to public swimming pools.
    D. Many Americans’ private life has been negatively affected.

47. 生活奢华的后果之一是什么？
A.许多美国人的生活质量下降了。
B.不同背景的人不再交往。
C.人们不再可以使用公共游泳池。
D.许多美国人的私生活受到了负面影响。

47.【定位】由题干中的consequences of living big定位到第三段首句。

A【 精析】细节辨认题。第三段主要介绍了住房面积增大带来的两个后果。第三段第四句提到，曾经的公共空间越来越私有化，导致所有人可用的公共设施数量减少，许多人的生活质量下降了。由此可知，住房面积的增大导致很多美国人生活质 量下降了，故答案为A。

【避错】第三段第四句提到，曾经的公共空间越来 越私有化导致所有人可用的公共设施数量减少，并不是不同背景的人不再社交，故排除B。第三段第七句提到，市政公共游泳池经常关闭，让低收入人群无处游泳。可见，公共泳池的减少只是影 响了低收入群体，并不是所有人，故排除C。
文中并未提到“美国人的私生活受到负面影响”，故排除 D。

2023-06-01-48.—推理判断题—难—关键单词不懂—ethical adj. 道德的，伦理的；合乎道德的；moral adj. 有关道德的；基于道德的，道义上的；

48. What questions arise from living big?【原文：The trend for bigger housing thus poses ethical questions.Should Americans accept a system in which the middle and upper classes enjoy a luxurious lifestyle,using the low-wage labor of others? 】
    A. Questions related to moral principles.
    B. Questions having to do with labor cost.
    C. Questions about what lifestyle to promote.
    D. Questions concerning housing development.

48. 住得大会产生什么问题？
A.有关道德原则的问题。
B.与劳动力成本有关的问题。
C.关于提倡何种生活方式的问题。
D.关于住房发展的问题。

48 .【定位】由题干中的questions arise from living big 定位到第四段首句。

A【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，住房面积增大的趋势引发了道德问题。由此可见，住房面积增大的趋势给人们带来的是与道德原则有关的问题，故答案为A。

【避错】文中没有提到“与劳动力成本有关的问题” “关于推广什么样的生活方式的问题”和“关于住房开发的问题”，故排除 B、C和 D。

2023-06-01-49.—推理判断题—难—上下段需结合看

49. What kind of social system does the author think is unacceptable?【原文：Are we willing to accept a system in which an increase in amenities purchased by the affluent means a reduction in amenities for the poor?
      I believe neither is acceptable. We must change the way we think: living well does not need to mean having more private spaces; instead, it could mean having more public spaces.】
    A. One in which the wealthy exploit the low-wage laborers building their houses.
    B. One in which the rich purchase amenities at an increasingly unjustifiable price.
    C. One in which the upper classes deprive the lower classes of affordable housing.
    D. One in which the affluent enjoy a more comfortable life at the expense of the poor.

51. 作者认为什么样的社会制度是不可接受的？
A.富人剥削低工资的工人为他们盖房子。
B.富人以越来越不合理的价格购买便利设施。
C.上层阶级剥夺下层阶级负担得起的住房。
D.富人以牺牲穷人为代价享受更舒适生活的社会。

49.【定位】由题干中的social system 和 unacceptable 定位到第四段最后一句和第五段第一句。

D【精析】推理判断题。由第五段第一句“两者都不可接受”可知，不可接受的问题在第四段。第四段最后一句提到一种“富人购买便利设施的增加意味着穷人的便利设施减少”的制度。换言之，作者反对“富人通过牺牲穷人的生活品质而享受更舒适的生活的制度"，故答案为D。

【避错】文中并没有提到“富人剥削建造房屋的低 工资劳动者的制度”“富人以越来越不合理的价格购买便利设施的制度”以及“上层阶级剥夺下层阶级负担得起的住房的制度”，故排除A、B和 C。

2023-06-01-50.—推理判断题—易—由“create more publicly accessible spaces”推出“More public spaces created for everyone to enjoy”

50. What does the author advocate for people to live well?【原文：We must change the way we think: living well does not need to mean having more private spaces; instead, it could mean having more public spaces. A better goal than building bigger houses for some is to create more publicly accessible spaces and amenities for all.】
    A. Finding ways to turn private spaces into public ones.
    B. Building more houses affordable to those less affluent.
    C. More public spaces created for everyone to enjoy.
    D. All amenities made accessible to the rich and the poor alike.

50. 作者提倡人们怎样才能生活得更好？
A.想办法把私人空间变成公共空间。
B.建造更多不那么富裕的人负担得起的房子。
C.创造更多公共空间供大家享受。
D.富人和穷人都能享受到的所有便利设施。

50.【定位】由题干中的 advocate for people to live well 定位到末段最后两句。

C【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，过得好可以意味着拥有更多的公共空间。对一些人来说，比起建造更大的房子，更好的目标是为所有人创造更多的公共空间和便利设施。由此可见，为了使人们过得好，作者主张创造更多每个人都可以享受的公共空间，故答案为C。

【避错】文中并没有提到“想办法把私人空间变成 公共空间”和“为那些不太富裕的人建造更多负担得起的房子”，故排除 A和 B。 在最后一段最后一句中，作者强调的是为所有人创造更多的公共空间和便利设施，而非所有的便利设施都对富人和穷人一视同仁，故排除D。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed — or cursed — with higher-than-average ambition. Ambitious people strongly desire accomplishments and are willing to take more risks and spend more effort to get them.
  Overall, this is a positive quality, especially for people trying to build their own businesses. Apparently, if you’re more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed.
  Actually, this isn’t always the case. In fact, in some cases, extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good.
  One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision or end goal. This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur. If a new competitor emerges to threaten your business, you may need to change direction, even if that means straying from your original vision. If you have too much ambition, you’ll find this hard, if not impossible.
  Few people are successful when they try to build their first brand. Unfortunately, for the most ambitious entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous, and impossible to recover from.
  It’s a clear departure from the intended plan toward the intended goal. For people with limited ambition, however, failure is viewed as something closer to reality. Remember, failure is inevitable, and every failure you survive is a learning experience.
  Ambitious people tend to be more materialistically successful than their non-ambitious counterparts. However, they’re only slightly happier than their less-ambitious counterparts, and tend to live significantly shorter lives. This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,” such success means nothing for their health and happiness — and if you don’t have health and happiness. what else could possibly matter?
  Clearly, some amount of ambition is good for your motivation. Without any ambition, you wouldn’t start your own business, set or achieve goals and get far in life. But an excess of ambition can also be dangerous, putting you at risk of burnout, stubbornness and even a shorter life.

  (51) 大部分创业群体的人都会有幸拥有亦或是受苦于一种高于常人的野心。有抱负的人强烈渴望有 所成就，并愿意承担更多的风险、付出更多的努力来得到这些成就。
  总而言之，这是一种积极的品质，尤其是对于那些想要自主创业的人。(52-1)显然，如果你有更自然 的动力去设定目标，那么你就更有可能成功。
  (52-2)实际上，事实并非一贯如此。事实上，在某些情况下，过度的野心也许会带来更多的弊端而非好处。
  过度的野心带来的一个主要的副作用是太容易断然地关注某个特定的愿景或终极目标。(53)这是有问题的，因为这会限制你适应新环境的能力，而这一点对于想成为一名成功企业家的你来说又至关重要。如果出现一个新的竞争者威胁了你的企业，你可能需要改变方向，即使这意味着将会偏离你最初的愿景。 如果你野心太大，你会发现即便是有可能，但做到这一点还是很难。
  很少有人在尝试建立自己的首个品牌时就能成功。(54)不幸的是，对于最有野心的企业家而言，失败 被视为是灾难性的，无法从中恢复。
  这是从既定计划到既定目标的明显偏离。然而，对于那些野心有限的人而言，失败被视为一种更接 近现实的常态事件。请记住，失败在所难免，每次你从失败中走出，都是一次学习经历。
  相比起那些没有野心的人而言，有野心的人在物质上会更加富足。然而，他们只比没有野心的人稍微幸福一点，且寿命往往更短。(55)这意味着即便具备野心的人更有可能取得传统意义上的“成功”，但这种成功却无益于他们的健康和幸福——假如你失去了健康和幸福，其他的事情又有何重要呢?
  显然，一定程度的野心对于你的动力是有好处的。没有任何野心的话，你就不会创业，设定或实现目标，并在人生中大步向前。但是过度的野心也是危险的，会让你面临疲劳、偏执甚至寿命缩短的风险。

2023-06-01-51.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—“higher-than-average ambition”替换为“more ambitious than”

51. What does the author think of most entrepreneurs?【原文：Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed — or cursed — with higher-than-average ambition. Ambitious people strongly desire accomplishments and are willing to take more risks and spend more effort to get them.】
    A. They are more willing to risk their own lives.
    B. They are more ambitious than ordinary people.
    C. They achieve greater nonconventional success.
    D. They have more positive qualities than most ofus.

51. 作者是如何看待大多数企业家的？
A.他们更愿意冒生命危险。
B.他们比普通人更有野心。
C.他们取得了更大的非传统成功。
D.他们比我们大多数人有更多积极的品质。

51.【定位】由题干中的 most entrepreneurs 定位到首段第一句。

B【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，大部分创业群体的人都会有幸拥有亦或是受苦于一种高于常人的野心。由此可知，创业者比普通人拥有更多的野心，故答案为B。

【避错】第一段末句提到，有抱负的人强烈渴望有所成就，并愿意承担更多的风险、付出更多的努力来得到这些成就。但并没有明确指出他们更愿意冒生命危险，故排除A。 第七段末句指出，具备野心的人更有可能取得传统意义上的“成功”，故排除 C。 第二段开头指出，具备野心是一种积极的品质。但并未提及具备野心的人比大部分人拥有更多积极的品质，故排除D。

2023-06-01-52.—推理判断题—难—跨段理解题—定位句是否定句，是对上文的否定，故答案也是对上文的否定。

52. What does the author imply by saying “this isn’t always the case” (Line 1, Para. 3)?【原文：Overall, this is a positive quality, especially for people trying to build their own businesses. Apparently, if you’re more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed.
      Actually, this isn’t always the case. In fact,in some cases,extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good.】
    A. Ambitious people may not have a greater chance of success.
    B. Ambitious people may not have more positive qualities.
    C. Entrepreneurs’ ambition does as much good as harm.【as much … as与…一样多】
    D. Entrepreneurs are more naturally driven to success.

52. 作者说“情况并非总是如此”（第3段第一行）是什么意思？
A.雄心勃勃的人可能不会有更大的成功机会。
B.雄心勃勃的人可能没有更积极的品质。
C.企业家的野心利与弊一样多。
D.企业家更自然地被驱使着走向成功。

52.【定位】由题干定位到第三段第一句。
A【精析】推理判断题。由于定位句位于第三段段首，需要结合第二段的内容方可得到答案。第二段末句指出，如果你有更自然的动力去设定目标，那么你就更有可能成功。紧接着在第三段首句提到，事实并非一贯如此。这是针对第二段提出的观点进行反驳，故答案为 A。

【避错】第二段只是指出具备野心是一种积极品质，但并未提到有野心的人也许没有更多的积极品质，故排除B。第三段指出，过度的野心也许会带来更多的弊端而非好处，即弊端多于好处，故排除 C。

文章并未提及企业家会更自然地被驱动走向成功，故排除D。

2023-06-01-53.—细节辨认题—定位难，同义替换“extreme importance”替换为“vital adj. 至关重要的，必不可少的；”—答案是简单的同义替换，“adapt to new circumstances”替换为“adapt to new situations”

53. What does the author say is of extreme importance for one to become a successful entrepreneur?【原文：This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur. If a new competitor emerges to threaten your business, you may need to change direction, even if that means straying from your original vision. If you have too much ambition, you’ll find this hard, if not impossible.】
    A. Holding on to one’s original vision.
    B. Being able to adapt to new situations.
    C. Focusing determinedly on one particular goal.
    D. Avoiding radical change in one’s career direction.

53. 对于一个成功的企业家来说，作者认为最重要的是什么？
A.坚持自己最初的想法。
B.能够适应新环境。
C.坚定地专注于一个特定目标。
D.避免职业方向的彻底改变。

53.【定位】由题干中的extreme importance for one to become a succesful entrepreneur 定位到第四段第二句。

B【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，这是有问题的，因为这会限制你适应新环境的能力，而这一点对于想成为一名成功企业家的你来说又至关重要。由此可知，如果想成为成功的企业家，能够适应新环境是很重要的，故答案为 B。

【避错】第四段指出，过度的野心带来的一个主要的副作用是太容易断然地关注某一个特定的愿景或是终极目标，说明这样做是有问题的。同时作者指出，如果出现新的竞争者威胁了你的企业，你也许需要改变方向，这是一个成功企业家应该具备的能力。由此可以排除A“坚持自己最初的想法”、C“坚定地专注于一个特定的目标”和D“避免彻底改变职业方向”三项。

2023-06-01-54.—推理判断题—由“as disastrous,and impossible to recover from灾难性的，无法从中恢复。”推出“the end of ”

54. How do the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure in their endeavor?【原文：Unfortunately, for the most ambitious entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous,and impossible to recover from.】
    A. It will awaken them to reality.
    B. It is a lesson they have to learn.
    C. It means the end of their career.
    D. It will result in a slow recovery.

54. 最雄心勃勃的企业家如何看待他们努力的失败？
A.这将唤醒他们面对现实。
B.这是他们必须学习的一课。
C.这意味着他们职业生涯的结束。
D.这将导致缓慢的恢复。

54.【定位】由题干中的the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure in their endeavor 定位到第五段末句。
C【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，不幸的是，对于最有野心的企业家而言，失败被视为是灾难性的，无法从中恢复。由此可知，无法从失败中恢复就意味着职业生涯走向终点，故答案为C。

【避错】第六段提到，对于那些野心有限的人而言，失败被视为一种更接近现实的常态事件。失败在所难免，每次你从失败中走出，都是一次学习经历。这里说的是只有一点野心的人，而不是题干中最有野心的企业家，故排除A和 B。定位句指出，对于最有野心的企业家而言，失败被视为是灾难性的，是无法恢复的，而不是缓慢恢复，故排除 D。

2023-06-01-55.—推理判断题—难—定位难，有八段，还不是最后一段，是倒数第二段，答案也难，要反问推出

55. What does the author advise us to do concerning ambition?【原文：This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,” such success means nothing for their health and happiness — and if you don’t have health and happiness. what else could possibly matter?】
    A. Distinguish between conventional success and our life goal.
    B. Follow the example of the most ambitious entrepreneurs.
    C. Avoid taking unnecessary risks when starting a business.
    D. Prioritize health and happiness over material success.

55. 关于野心，作者建议我们做些什么？
A.区分常规的成功和我们的人生目标。
B.以最雄心勃勃的企业家为榜样。
C.创业时避免承担不必要的风险。
D.把健康和快乐放在物质成功之前。

55.【定位】由题文同序原则和选项内容定位到第七段末句。

D【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，这意味着即便具备野心的人更有可能取得传统意义上的“成功”，但这种成功却无益于他们的健康和幸福—假如你失去了健康和幸福，其他的事情又有何重要呢?作者通过反问的方式，暗示了健康和幸福要比“成功”更重要，故答案为D。

【避错】文中没有提到“区分传统意义上的成功和我们的人生目标”、“以最有野心的企业家为榜样” 和“创业时避免承担不必要的风险”，故排除A、B、C三项。