2020 年 9 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）——阅读版——仔细阅读题

Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre .

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Americans spend billions of dollars each year trying to change their weight with diets, gym memberships and plastic surgery.
  Trying to live up to the images of '‘perfect" models and movie heroes has a dark side, anxiety, depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain. It also has a financial cost. Having an eating disorder boosts annual health care costs by nearly US$ 2,000 per person.
  Why is there both external and internal pressure to look “perfect”? One reason is that society rewards people who are thin and healthy-looking. Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income. Especially for women, there is a clear penalty at work for being overweight or obese. Some studies have also found an impact for men, though a less noticeable one.
  While the research literature is clear that labor market success is partly based on how employers and customers perceive your body image, no one had explored the other side of the question. Does a person’s own perception of body image matter to earnings and other indicators of success in the workplace?
  Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national random sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities.
  As in other research, women in our sample tend to over-perceive their weight they think they’re heavier than they are-while men tend to under-perceive theirs.
  We found no relationship between the average person’s self-perception of weight and labor market outcomes, although self-perceived weight can influence self-esteem （自尊心）, mental health and health behaviors.
  While the continued gender penalty in the tabor market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.
  Since employers’ perception of weight is what matters in the tabor market, changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help. Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height. We believe expanding such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.

2020-09-01-46.—推理判断题—难—定位难，没有关键字—答案同义替换也难，image形象替换为expectation外表

46. What does the author say may have an adverse impact on people?【原文：Trying to live up to the images of ''perfect" models and movie heroes has a dark side, anxiety, depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain.】
    A. Undergoing plastic surgeries in pursuit of beauty.
    B. Imitating the lifestyles of heroes and role models.
    C. Striving to achieve perfection regardless of financial cost.
    D. Attempting to meet society’s expectation of appearance.

46.根据作者所说，什么可能会对人们产生负面影响？
A. 为了追求美而接受整形手术。 
B. 模仿英雄和榜样的生活方式。 
C. 不考虑财务成本，力求完美。
D. 试图满足社会对外表的期望。

定位：
由题干中的 adverse impact 定位到第二段第一句：Trying to live up to the images of “perfect” models and movie heroes has a dark side: anxiety, depression, as well as unhealthy strategies for weight loss or muscle gain.

详解：
推理判断题。文章第二段第一句指出，力求达到模特和电影英雄式的完美形象具有不良的影响，会导致一系列问题。 由此可见，试图满足社会对外表的期望会产生负面影响，故答案为D。

干扰项排除：
A 项中提到的整形手术只是追求完美体型的一种方式，和 D 项相比，不够全面，故排除A 项；第二段第一句只是提到力求达到模特和电影英雄式的完美形象，并未提及模仿他们的生活方式的内容，故排除 B 项；定位句只提到追求完美形象的问题，且全文都只是围绕体型进行探讨，C 项中的 perfection 意义太宽泛，与文章内容不符，故排除。

2020-09-01-47.—事实细节题—定位句同义替换，earn替换为income—答案body mass替换为body weight and shape.

47. What have researchers found out about people’s earnings?【原文：Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income. Especially for women, there is a clear penalty at work for being overweight or obese. Some studies have also found an impact for men, though a less noticeable one.】
    A. They are closely related to people’s social status.
    B. They have to do with people’s body weight and shape.
    C. They seem to matter much less to men than to women.
    D. They may not be equal to people’s contributions.

47.关于人们的收入,研究人员发现了什么?
A. 它们与人们的社会地位密切相关。
B. 它们与人的体重和体型有关。
C. 它们对男性来说似乎不如对女性重要。
D. 它们可能不等同于人们的贡献。

定位：
由题干中的 people’s earmings 定位到第三段第三句:Researchers have shown that body mass index is related to wages and income.

详解：
事实细节题。文章第三段第三句提到，研究人员发现，体重指数与工资和收人有关，由此可知，人们的收入与体重和体型有关，故答案为 B。

干扰项排除：
文章中没有提到社会地位和收人的关系，故排除 A 项；文章第三段第四、五句指出体重对女性收人的影响较男性更明显一些，并不是说收人对男性不重要，故排除 C 项；D 项中提及的贡献问题文中没有提到，故排除。

2020-09-01-48.—推理判断题—易—选项CD类似，必出一个答案，但是答案在定位句上面，不是下面

48. What does the author’s recent study focus on?【原文：While the research literature is clear that labor market success is partly based on how employers and customers perceive your body image, no one had explored the other side of the question. Does a person’s own perception of body image matter to earnings and other indicators of success in the workplace?
      Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national random sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities.】
    A. Previous literature on indicators of competitiveness in the workplace.
    B. Traits that matter most in one’s pursuit of success in the labor market.
    C. Whether self-perception of body image impacts one’s workplace success.
    D. How bosses’ perception of body image impacts employees’ advancement.

48.作者最近的研究重点是什么?
A. 先前关于职场竞争力指标的文献。
B. 职场上追求成功最重要的品质。
C. 对身体形象的自我认知是否会影响一个人的职场成功。
D. 老板对身体形象的认知如何影响员工的进步。

定位：
由题干中的 the author’s recent study focus on定位到第五段：Our recently published study answered this question by tracking a large national random sample of Americans over a critical time period when bodies change from teenage shape into adult form and when people build their identities.

详解：
推理判断题。文章第五段指出，作者团队最近公布的研究回答了这个问题，因此应从上一段找出这个问题是什么。显然，第四段最后一句就是作者的研究重点，即一个人对自己身体形象的看法是否会影响他的收人和其他职场中成功的指标，故答案为C 。

干扰项排除：
文章第四段第一句指出，虽然研究文献清楚地表明劳动力市场的成功在一定程度上取决于雇主和顾客对你身体形象的看法，但没有人探究过这个问题的另一面，而这才是作者研究的重点，因此排除 A；B 项在文中未提及，故排除；由第四段第一句可以看出 D项所述是前人已经研究过的而非作者的研究重点，故排除。

2020-09-01-49.—事实细节题—难—干扰项A出现了定位句中几个关键词—

49. What is the finding of the author’s recent research?【原文：While the continued gender penalty in the tabor market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.】
    A. Being overweight actually does not do much harm to the overall well-being of employees.
    B. People are not adversely affected in the workplace by false self-perception of body weight.
    C. Self-esteem helps to combat gender inequality in the workplace.
    D. Gender inequality continues to frustrate a lot of female employees.

49.作者最近的研究发现是什么?
A. 事实上,超重并不会对员工的总体幸福造成太大伤害。
B. 人们在工作场所不会因为对自己体重的错误认知而受到不良影响。
C. 自尊有助于防止职场中的性别不平等。
D. 性别不平等继续使许多女雇员感到沮丧。

定位：
由题干中的 finding of the author’s recent research 定位到第八段: While the continued gender penalty in the labor market is frustrating, our finding that misperceived weight does not harm workers is more heartening.

详解：
事实细节题。文章第八段提到，尽管劳动力市场上持续存在性别歧视，但作者的研究发现，对体重的错误认知并不会对劳动者造成伤害，故答案为B 。

干扰项排除：
文中未提及超重对员工总体幸福的影响，故排除 A 项；文章第七段提到，对于体重的自我认知会形响自尊心，并未提及自尊心是否有助于防止职场中的性别不平等，故排除 C项；D 项所述是现实情况，并非作者的研究发现，故排除。

2020-09-01-50.—推理判断题—难—定位词两个词出现在A，D，但是整个句子都改动很大

50. What does the author think would help improve the situation in the labor market?【原文：Since employers’ perception of weight is what matters in the tabor market, changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help. Michigan is the only state that prohibits discrimination on the basis of weight and height. We believe expanding such protections would make the labor market more fair and efficient.】
    A. Banning discrimination on the basis of employees’ body image.
    B. Expanding protection of women against gender discrimination.
    C. Helping employees change their own perception of beauty.
    D. Excluding body shape as a category in the labor contract.

50.作者认为什么有助于改善劳动力市场的状况?
A. 禁止基于员工身体形象的歧视。
B. 扩大保护，使妇女免受性别歧视:
C. 帮助员工改变自己对美的看法。
D. 在劳动合同中把体型类别排除在外。

定位：
由题干中的 help improve the situation定位到最后一段第一句：Since employers’ perception of weight is what matters in the labor market, changing discrimination laws to include body type as a category would help.

详解：
推理判断题。最后一段第一句指出，由于雇主对体重的看法是影响劳动力市场的重要因素因此修改反歧视法规，将体型加人其中作为一个类别，将会有所帮助。由此可见，禁止对员工身体形象的歧视将有助于改善现状，故答案为A 。

干扰项排除：
文章最后一段指出，要扩大保护，禁止对体重体型的歧视，并未提及性别歧视，故排除B 项；C 项文中未提及，故排除；D 项涉及劳动合同的内容，文章没有提到，故排除。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  The work-life balance is dead. By this, I’m not advocating that you should give up your pursuit of having a fulfilling career and a thriving personal life, and I’m definitely not saying that you have to give up one to have the other. I also acknowledge that we have a work-life problem, but I’m arguing that the concept of balance has never been helpful, because it’s too limiting. You see, our language makes a difference, and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.
  At the minimum, most of us work because we want to be able to support ourselves, our families, and the people around us. In the ideal world, we’re all doing work that we’re proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us. But even if your job doesn’t give you shivers of joy each new day, working is a part of what each of us does and the contribution we make to society. When you separate work and life,it’s a little bit harder to make that connection. But when you think of work as part of a full life and a complete experience, it becomes easier to see that success in one aspect often supports another.
  Losing your balance and falling isn’t pleasant. A goal to balance suggests that things could quickly get off balance, and that causes terrible outcomes. rt’s more constructive to think of solutions that continue to evolve over shifts in life and work. Rather than falling or failing, you may have good days or better days or not-so-good days. These variations are normal, and it’s more useful to think of life as something that is ever evolving and changing, rather than a high-risk enterprise where things could go wrong with one misstep.
  How we talk to ourselves matters, and how we talk about issues makes a difference. Let’s bury “work-life balance” and think bigger and better about work-life fulfillment to do a little less balancing and a lot more living.

2020-09-01-51.—推理判断题—BD都有关键字fulfiiling career，但是but字后面是重点，have never been helpful替换为contribute little to.

51. What does the author suggest by saying “The work-life balance is dead”?【原文：The work-life balance is dead. By this, I’m not advocating that you should give up your pursuit of having a fulfilling career and a thriving personal life, and I’m definitely not saying that you have to give up one to have the other. I also acknowledge that we have a work-life problem, but I’m arguing that the concept of balance has never been helpful, because it’s too limiting.】
    A. The hope of achieving a thriving life is impossible to realize.
    B. The pursuit of a fulfilling career involves personal sacrifice.
    C. The imbalance between work and life simply doesn’t exist anymore.
    D. The concept of work-life balance contributes little to a fulfilling life.

51.作者说 ”工作与生活平衡的说法已经消亡”，表明什么？
A. 实现蒸蒸日上的生活的希望是不可能实现的。
B. 对事业有成的追求涉及自我牺牲。
C. 工作和生活的失衡不再存在。
D. 工作与生活平衡的概念对充满成就的生活几乎作用不大。

【定位】
由题干中的work-life balance is dead定位到第一 段第一 句：The work-life balance is dead.

【详解】
推理判断题。文章第一 句指出，工作与生活平衡的说法已经消亡。因此，本句话的具体涵义可在下文找到， 第三句中提到平衡的概念从来没有什么帮助，因为它太局限了。选项D 中的contributes little和原文中的has never been helpful相对应 ，故答案为D。

【干扰项排除】
A 项文章未提及，故排除；第一段第二句中作者说到，我绝对不是说你必须放弃一个才能拥有另一个， 由此可见，作者并不认为事业有成需要自我牺牲，故排除B 项；C 项和题干内容矛盾，故排除。

2020-09-01-52.—事实细节题—易—同义替换—affect thinking影响思考替换为impact think影响思考

52. What does the author say about our use of language?【原文：I also acknowledge that we have a work-life problem, but I’m arguing that the concept of balance has never been helpful, because it’s too limiting. You see, our language makes a difference, and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.】
    A. It impacts how we think and behave.
    B. It changes with the passage of time.
    C. It reflects how we communicate.
    D. It differs from person to person.

52.作者如何看待我们对语言的使用？
A 它影响我们如何思考和行动。 
B 它随着时间推移而改变。 
C 它反映我们如何交流。
D 它因人而异。

【定位】
由题干中的language定位到第一段末句： You see, our language makes a difference, and how we refer to things matters because it affects our thinking and therefore our actions.

【详解】
事实细节题。文章第一段末句提到，我们的语言很重要，我们如何谈及事物很重要，因为它影响我们的思维和行动，故答案为 A。

【干扰项排除】
B、C、D三项在文中均未提及，故排除。

2020-09-01-53.—事实细节题—出现两个类似的选项，优先看—哦吼，但是这题不是，but字后面是重点，留意not挖坑点

53. What does the author say we do in an ideal world?【原文：In the ideal world, we’re all doing work that we’re proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us. But even if your job doesn’t give you shivers of joy each new day, working is a part of what each of us does and the contribution we make to society.】
    A. We do work that betters the lives of our families and friends.
    B. We do work that gives us bursts of joy each new day.
    C. We do meaningful work that contributes to society.
    D. We do demanding work that brings our capacity into full play.

53.作者如何看待我们在理想世界中做的事？
A 我们的工作是改善我们的家人和朋友的生活的。
B 我们所做的工作让我们每个新的一天都充满欢乐。
C 我们做一些对社会有意义的工作。
D 我们做要求高的工作，充分发挥我们的能力。

【定位】
由题干中的in an ideal world定位到第二段第二句：In the ideal world, we’re all doing work that we’re proud of and that provides meaning and purpose to us.

【详解】
事实细节题。文章第二段第二句指出，在理想的世界里，我们都在做我们引以为豪的工作，这些工作为我们提供意义和目标。下文由 but 引出的句子对意义进行进一步解释，即工作也是我们每个人所做的事情的一部分，也是我们对社会所做贡献的一部分，故答案为 C。

【干扰项排除】
A 项中提到改善家人和朋友的生活，可对应文章第二段第一句，但此处是对现实生活的描述，而非理想状况，因此排除A 项；第二段第三句前半句提到，即使你的工作并没有让你在新的一天里开心到抖动起来，说明我们的工作并不能让我们每天都快乐，故排除B 项；D 项文章未提及，故排除。

2020-09-01-54.—事实细节题—定位处同义替换say about life替换为think of life

54. What does the author say about life?【原文：These variations are normal, and it’s more useful to think of life as something that is ever evolving and changing, rather than a high-risk enterprise where things could go wrong with one misstep.】
    A. It is cyclical.
    B. It is dynamic.
    C. It is fulfilling.
    D. It is risky.

54.作者是如何看待生活的？
A 它是循环的。 
B 它是动态的。 
C 它是充实的。
D 它是冒险的。

【定位】
由题干中的say about life定位到文章第三段末句：These variations are normal, and it’s more useful to think of life as something that is ever evolving and changing, rather than a high-risk enterprise where things could go wrong with one misstep.

【详解】
事实细节题。定位句中的think of life as对应题干中的say about life, evolving and changing 意为 “进化和 改变”，其意义和选项 B 中的dynamic"动态的“对应，故答案为 B。

【干扰项排除】
A 项文中未提及，故排除；C 项中的fulfilling出现在文中第一 段，意为 “有成就感的，令人满意的"'形容事业有成，和生活无关，也并非作者的主观观点，故排除C项；
D 项中的risky可对应定位句中的high-risk，但其出现在rather than之后，说明这是作者不认同的观点，故排除D项 。

2020-09-01-55.—事实细节题—难—定位处同义替换，advise do建议做替换为Let让去做—答案同义替换难，容易误选C

55. What does the author advise us to do?【原文：Let’s bury “work-life balance” and think bigger and better about work-life fulfillment to do a little less balancing and a lot more living.】
    A. Make life as simple as possible.
    B. Talk about balance in simpler terms.
    C. Balance life and work in a new way.
    D. Strive for a more fulfilling life.

55.作者建议我们做什么？
A. 让生活尽可能地简单化 。 
B. 用更简单的术语来谈论平衡。 
C. 用一种新的方式来平衡工作和生活。
D. 为一种更令人满意的生活而奋斗。

【定位】
由题干中的advise 定位到最后一 段第二句：Let’s bury “work-life balance” and think bigger and better about work-life fulfillment to do a little less balancing and a lot more living.

【详解】
事实细节题。定位句指出，让我们埋葬“ 工作与生活平衡 ” 的想法，从大处着眼，更好地思考如何让工作和生活充实起来，少做一点平衡，多感受生活，选项D 中的fulfilling 对应定位句中的fulfillment，故答案为D。