2023 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）——解析版

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2023 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 2 套）

Part I Writing ( 30 minutes)

Directions: Suppose the university newspaper is inviting submissions from the students for its coming edition on the recent developments in their hometown. You are now to write an essay for submission. You will have 30 minutes to write the essay. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end ofeach news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

【听力原文】

  Have you noticed how similar you are to your friends?[1]It may be because your brains operate in harmony with each other.We know that friends are more likely to be the same age,gender and ethnic background as each other.Now it seems their brains are alike,too.
  Researchers at the University of California scanned the brains of 42 classmates while they watched videos intended to provoke varying responses.Some people might find a romantic scene touching,for instance,while others would feel it was embarrassing.The activity of friends’brains was more similar than that of people who didn’t know each other,particularly in regions involved in attention,emotion and language.This similarity was strong enough that it could be used to predict whether two people were already friends or not.[2]The relationship probably goes two ways.We are drawn to people who think like us;we then influence their thoughts over time,which may push their brain activity into more closely resembling our own.

2023-12-02-01.—开头第二句—原词复现三个“brains xxx in harmony”

1. A. Their brains work in harmony.
   B. They are generally the same age.
   C. Their interests are quite similar.
   D. They have the same ethnic background.

1. What  may  be  the  reason  that  friends  are  similar  to  each  other  according  to  the  recent  research? 
根据最新研究，朋友之间彼此相似的原因可能是什么?
A.他们的大脑工作很和谐。
B.他们一般年龄相同。
C.他们的兴趣很相似。
D.他们有相同的种族背景。

新闻开头提到，我们与自己的朋友非常相似。紧接着说了原因:这可能是因为我们与朋友的大脑运作协调一致，故A项为正确答案。
新闻中提到，朋友之间更可能在年龄、性别和种族背景方面相似，但新闻并未提到这就是我们与朋友相似的原因，故排除B项和D项。
C项新闻并未提及，可排除。

2023-12-02-02.—结尾第二句—同义替换“two”替换为“both”—原词复现一个“way”

2. A. It can be touching.
   B. It is hard to predict.
   C. It can work both ways.
   D. It resembles family ties.

2.What  does  the  news  report  say  about  the  relationship  between  friends?
关于朋友间的关系，新闻报道说了什么?
A.可能会很感人。
B.很难预测。
C.它可以是双向的。
D.它类似于家庭关系。

新闻末尾部分提到，朋友关系可能是双向的。与我们想法相似的人会吸引我们，然后我们也会影响朋友的想法，故C项为正确答案。新闻后面提到，朋友间的大脑活动更为相似，这种相似性非常强大，足以用来预测两个人是否已经成为朋友，因此可排除B项。其余两项新闻并未提及，可排除。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

【听力原文】

  Two men who have been best friends for 60 years have just realized they are actually brothers.It’s reported that Alan Robinson and Walter MacDonald met in the 6th grade at a school in Hawaii.They have been best friends ever since.Alan was given away for adoption soon after he was born,and Walter never knew his father.[3]So recently,they made separate attempts on DNA matching websites to discover more about their ancestry.Walter was astonished to find that he matched with website user Robi737.He knew immediately that this was his best friend Alan,whose friends call him Robi and flew 737 airplanes when he was a pilot.[4] The pair were born to the same mother 15 months apart.

2023-12-02-03.—开头第五句—原词复现四个“more about their ancestry”

3. A. Search for their half-brothers.
   B. Identify their biological fathers.
   C. Find out more about their ancestry.
   D. See whether they are actually related.

3.What did both Alan Robinson and Walter MacDonald attempt to do on DNAmatching websites?
艾伦·罗宾逊和沃尔特·麦克唐纳两个人在DNA匹配网站都尝试做了什么?
A.寻找他们同父异母的兄弟。
B.确定他们的生父。
C.更多地了解他们的祖先。
D.看他们是否真的有关系。

新闻中提到，艾伦·罗宾逊和沃尔特·麦克唐纳最近分别在DNA 匹配网站上做了匹配，希望能发现更多关于他们家世的信息，故C 项为正确答案。其余三个选项新闻并未提及，可排除。

2023-12-02-04.—结尾第一句—原词复现六个

4. A. They were both given up for adoption.
   B. They were born to the same mother.
   C. They flew 737 airplanes as pilots.
   D. They were both 60 years of age.

4.What did the news report say about Alan Robinson and Walter MacDonald?
关于艾伦 · 罗宾逊和沃尔特 · 麦克唐纳，新闻报道说了什么?
A.他们都被送去领养了。
B.他们是同一个母亲生的。
C.他们驾驶737架飞机。
D.他们都是60岁。

新闻末尾提到，艾伦·罗宾逊和沃尔特 ·麦克唐纳是同一个母亲所生，年龄相差15个月，故B项为正确答案 。新闻中提到，艾伦出生后不久就被送人收养，并没有提到沃尔特也是被送人收养，故A项错误。新闻中提到，艾伦曾是737飞机的飞行员，并没有说艾伦和沃尔特都是该飞机的飞行员，故C 项错误。新闻开头提到，艾伦 ·罗宾逊和沃尔特 ·麦克唐纳在上六年级时认识并成为好朋友，相交60年，并不是说他们俩的年龄是60岁，故D项错误。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

【听力原文】

  Amid all the election drama,air pollution problems and disease outbreaks,five tourists’good work is being spread online.Yesterday two male and three female tourists were spotted walking the kilometer-long beach,picking up trash. One of the male tourists from Australia commented that although there was a lot of trash,nobody was doing anything. The beach was not as nice or beautiful as it should be.[5]He felt so sad to see such a gorgcous place littered with so much trash.Thus,he and his friends decided to grab a few trash bags and clean it all up.
  [6] A man passing by decided to video their good deed and put it on the internet.It was unclear where the rest of the group was from,but they were most likely traveling together.[7] One local woman commented on being embarrassed that tourists were cleaning up their beach.Another mentioned that it was actually the natives who brough food and drinks then left trash allalong the island.

2023-12-02-05.—开头第五句—同义替换“so much"替换为“lots of”

5. A. One of his friends was caught littering.
   B. Other tourists refused to join in the cleanup.
   C. The beautiful beach was spoiled with lots of trash.
   D. The kilometer-long beach was practically deserted.

5.Why did one of the male tourists feel sad?
为什么其中一位男游客感到难过?
A.他的一个朋友乱扔垃圾被抓了。
B.其他游客拒绝加入清理。
C.美丽的海滩被垃圾破坏了。
D.一公里长的海滩几乎无人居住。

新闻中提到.一位来自澳大利亚的男游客评论说，虽然海滩上有很多垃圾，但没有人管。海滩失去了它应 美丽的地方到处都是垃圾，他感到非常难过，故C 项为正确答案。其余三个选项新闻均未提及，可排除。

2023-12-02-06.中间—原词复现无—难

6. A. A passerby.
   B. A local woman.
   C. The beach authorities.
   D. One of the five tourists.

6.Who put the good deed video on the internet?是谁把这段善举视频发布到了网上?
A.路人。
B.一个当地的女人。
C.海滩当局。
D.五个游客中的一个。

新闻中提到.一名路过的男子把游客在海滩捡垃圾的善举录下来并发布到网上，故A 项为正确答案。新闻寸善举视频发表了自己的评论，而非她把视频发布到网上，故B 项错误。其余两项新闻均未提及，可排除。

2023-12-02-07.—结尾第二句—原词复现四个“were cleaning up … beach”

7. A. The tourists’ good deed was not noticed by the locals.
   B. Some natives were selling poor-quality food to tourists.
   C. The number of tourists to the beach is on a steady decline.
   D. It was tourists not natives who were cleaning up the beach.

7.Why did one local woman say she was embarrassed?
为什么一位当地女士说自己感到难堪?
A.游客的善行没有被当地人注意到。
B.一些当地人向游客出售劣质食品。
C.去海滩的游客数量在稳步下降。
D.是游客而不是当地人在清理海滩。

新闻中提到，海滩到处都是垃圾，但没有人管，因此那几位游客决定把海滩上的垃圾清理干净。对此，一位当地女士表示很难堪，因为清理海滩垃圾的是游客，而不是当地人，故D项为正确答案。新闻中明确提到，一个路人将那几位游客的善举录下来并发布到网上，故A项表述错误。其余两个选项新闻均未提及，可排除。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

【听力原文】

W：Hello Benjamin,Dan and I will be going for a run along the canal Saturday morning.Would you like to join us?

M：I’d love to,[8][11] but I hurt my ankle last weekend playing football with work colleagues W：Oh dear,is it serious?

M：No,not at all.I landed badly during a fall and twisted it a little,but it’s no big deal.It’s just a little swollen and I should be fine for next Saturday if you still want to go for a jog then.

W：I won’t be here next Saturday.I’m going to the zoo.

M：The zoo?

W：Yeah.[9] My little nephew turns six,and he loves the zoo,so the whole family is going.

M：Oh,okay then.I haven’t been to a zoo since I was a kid.

W：They are nowhere near as popular as they used to be when we were children.I personally feel sorry for the poor animals stuck in cages,but there’s no denying they are fun and educational for children.

M：Do you know if Dan will be around next Saturday?

W：Yeah,I think he will.Just send him a text message.He’s always keen on physical activities.

M：That’s true.[10] Dan is extremely fit and healthy.He goes to the gym most days,plus tennis two or three times a week.

W：So,what have you been doing to stay busy while you’ve had that swollen ankle?

M：[11] I’ve been catching up on some reading.I was given three books over Christmas,and I’m only now getting around to reading them.

2023-12-02-08.

8. A. He has to play football with workmates.
   B. He has got some books to read.
   C. He is going to visit a friend.
   D. He is physically unfit for it.

8.Why can't the man go for a run Saturday morning?
为什么男士周六早上不能去跑步?
A.他必须和同事一起踢足球。
B.他有一些书要读。
C.他要去拜访一个朋友。
D.他身体不适合。

在对话一开始，女士询问男士是否愿意周六早上和他们一起沿着运河跑步，男士说他很想去，但是他在上 周末和同事踢足球时伤到了脚踝，所以他的身体状况不适合去跑步，故答案是D项。男士上周末和同事踢 了足球，没有说周六早上也要踢足球，故排除A项；在对话末尾，男士提到自己脚受伤后一直在读书，但 是这并非他周六早上不能去跑步的直接原因，故排除B项；C项对话中没有提到，故排除。

2023-12-02-09.

9. A. To teach kids about animal protection.
   B. To learn how popular zoos could be.
   C. To see some rare animals in cages.
   D. To give her little nephew a treat.

9.Why is the woman's whole family going to the zoo next Saturday?
为什么女士全家下周六都要去动物园? 
A.教孩子们保护动物。
B.了解动物园会有多受欢迎。
C.看笼子里的稀有动物。
D.给她的小侄子一个款待。

在对话中，女士提到下周六她要去动物园，因为她的小侄子很喜欢动物园，所以她全家都要陪他去，故答案为D项。女士提到现在的动物园远不如他们小时候那么受欢迎了，但她全家去动物园并非是为了了解动物园有多受欢迎，故排除B项；
女士提到她个人很同情那些被关在笼子里的可怜动物，C项“看看笼子里的珍稀动物”的“珍稀动物”与此不一致，也不是她去动物园的目的，故排除；
A项在对话中没有相关信息，故也排除。

2023-12-02-10.

10. A. He enjoys excellent health.
    B. He is keen on extreme sports.
    C. He coaches tennis players every week.
    D. He spends most of his time in the gym.

10.What do we learn about Dan from the man's description?
从男士的描述中，我们对丹有什么了解?
A.他身体很好。
B.他热衷于极限运动。
C.他每周都指导网球运动员。
D.他大部分时间都在健身房度过。

对话中男士和女士都对丹有一些评价，其中男士提到，丹的身体非常强健，所以答案为A项。女士提到，丹总是热衷于体育活动，B项的“极限运动”与此信息不一致，故排除；男士提到，丹每周还打两三次网球，C 项的“训练网球运动员”与此信息不一致，故排除；
男士提到，丹大多数日子(most days)都去健身房，这和D项“他把大部分时间都花在健身房里”语义有差别，most days表示大多数日子，指去的次数频繁，但他在健身房待的时间长短未知，most of his time(他的大部分时间)则表示他几乎每天都花大量的时间在健身房，故排除D项。

2023-12-02-11.

11. A. Tending to his swollen ankle.
    B. Concentrating on reading.
    C. Writing three book reports.
    D. Planning Christmas celebrations.

11.What has the man been doing since last weekend?
从上周末开始，男士一直在做什么?
A.照顾他肿胀的脚踝。
B.专心阅读。
C.写三篇读书报告。
D.计划圣诞节庆祝活动。

在对话一开始，男士提到自己上个周末和同事踢足球的时候伤到了脚踝，在对话最后，女士问男士他脚踝 肿了后都在忙什么,男士回答道他一直忙着读一些书，综合两处信息可知，从上周末伤了脚踝后，男士一 直都在专心读书，故选B项。男士提到自己一直在读圣诞节期间收到的三本书，但并没有提到自己在写三 份读书报告，故排除C项 ；A项和D项对话中都没有相关信息，故均排除。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

【听力原文】

W：Our guest on today’s Book Talk is John Black,the author of the new bestseller,Rerire Early.

M：Thanks for having me on the show,Lisa.

W：[12] John,your book is getting a lot of attention,partly because you write that most people can retire by 40.Is that realistic?

M：Definitely.When researching this book,I interviewed hundreds of people who retired by 40.

W：Okay,but how much money does a person need to retire?[13]I’ve read articles recommending one million dollars as a good figure for retirement.

M：While most financial planners do give numbers,I don’t think that’s useful,as people are living in different areas with different costs of living,and have different needs and wants,which is why I suggest that people aim for financial independence.

W：What do you mean by financial independence?

M：Having investment income that’s greater than monthly expenses.

W：That sounds risky to me.What if an accident happens or you get ll and need medical treatment?Shouldn’t people have extra cash for emergencies?

M：Too many people spend their lives working on jobs they hate because they’re afraid,so I counsel people to take risks.[14] Retirement doesn’t have to be permanent, and if people need to,they can go back to work.

W：But it’s not always easy to get back into the workforce after an extended absence.

M：True,but if you keep current with your skills,you will be attracted to employers

W：Maybe,but how can anyone save enough to retire by 40 when most people can’t retire at 60?

M：Simple,by cutting housing,food,and transport expenses,[15] and investing half your monthly income.

W：That sounds impossible.

M：I admit it’s difficult,but it has worked for thousands.

2023-12-02-12.

12. A. It is being debated by hundreds of retirees.
    B. It is attracting many people’s attention.
    C. It partly records his own experience.
    D. It argues for postponing retirement.

12.What do we learn about the man's book published recently? 
关于男士最近出版的书，我们了解到什么?
A.数百名退休人员正在讨论这个问题。
B.它吸引了很多人的注意。
C.部分记录了他自己的经历。
D.它主张推迟退休。

在访谈一开始，女士提到男士的书当下受到很多人的关注，所以答案为B项。
访谈中男士提到在为这本书数百位在40岁之前退休的人，A 项与此信息不符，故排除；
女士提到男士的书中写道大多数人都可以在40岁之前退休，所以书中主张的是提前退休，而不是延迟退休，故排除D项 ；
C项在访谈中没有相关信息，故也排除。

2023-12-02-13.

13. A. One should foresee a financial crisis.
    B. One should trust financial planners’ figures.
    C. One should have one million dollars to retire.
    D. One should start saving as early as possible.

13.What do the articles the woman read recommend?
女士读过的文章提供了什么建议?
A.人们应该预见到金融危机。
B.人们应该相信理财规划师的数字。
C.一个人应该有一百万美元退休。
D.人们应该尽早开始储蓄。

在访谈中，女士提了一个问题，即一个人需要多少钱才能退休，然后她说自己读过一些文章，建议将一百万美元作为退休的理想数字，也就是说，一个人应该有一百万美元才能退休，所以正确答案是C项。
虽然访谈中男士提到大多数理财规划师都会给出数字，即退休储备金额，但女士读的文章并没有建议应该相信理财规划师的数据，故排除B项；
虽然女士提到人们应该有额外的现金以备不时之需，但没有提到尽早开始储蓄，这也不是女士读的文章提供的建议，故排除D项；
选项A在访谈中没有相关信息，故也排除。

2023-12-02-14.

14. A. It doesn’t need to be permanent.
    B. It shouldn’t be considered risky.
    C. It helps to reduce travel expenses.
    D. It is the way to quit a job one hates.

14.What does the man say about retirement?
关于退休，男士说了什么?
A.不需要是永久性的。
B.它不应该被认为有风险。
C.它有助于减少旅行费用。
D.这是辞掉自己讨厌的工作的方法。

在访谈中，男士提到有太多人因为害怕而终其一生都在从事自己讨厌的工作。所以他建议人们去冒险。而退休不一定是永久性的，如果人们需要，他们可以回去工作，所以正确答案是A 项。男士提到 他建议人们去冒险，即辞去工作，早点退休，但男士并未提及退休是否有风险，故排除B 项；男士提到有太多人因为害怕而终其一生都在从事自己讨厌的工作，但并非是说，退休是辞去讨厌的工作的方式，故排除D项 ；C项在访谈中没有相关信息，故也排除。

2023-12-02-15.

15. A. By keeping close contact with one’s employers.
    B. By retiring when one reaches sixty years old.
    C. By investing half of one’s monthly income.
    D. By following the counsel of financial planners.

15.How does the man say his proposal about retirement can be carried out?
关于男士提出的退休的建议，他说如何实施? 
A.与雇主保持密切联系。
B.到60岁退休。
C.用一个人每月收入的一半进行投资。
D.听从理财规划师的建议。

在访谈最后，女士提出问题，即如何在40岁之前就存够钱退休呢?男士提供的方法包括减少住房、食物和交通开支，并把每月收入的一半用来投资，C 项与此信息一致，故为正确答案。其他选项在访谈中都没有提到，均排除。

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

【听力原文】

  New research from America studies the role that the presence of individuals from different social or racial groups has in influencing consumers’food choices.[16] This research found college students were more likely to choose healthy food in the presence of an observer of a different race,as opposed to an observer from their own race.The same was true when they were with someone from a different university,compared to someone from their own.Researchers say this was because participants anticipated more negative judgment from an outsider group. In contrast,they felt less judged by members of their own group.
  In one experiment,participants were offered the choice between candy and fruit as a snack.When in the presence of an unknown student from their own university,only 12 per cent of students selected the healthier option. [17] However,this number was 31 per cent when in the presence ofan unknown student from another university.Other experiments showed similar results based on racial group.
  What’s the reason for this pattern?The study found that people feel judged to a larger extent by members of other groups.Because of this,they strategically use healthy food choices to make a positive impression.There have been many attempts to help consumers make healthier choices,but consumers often struggle to maintain a healthy diet.[18] This research finds that one way to promote a healthy diet could be to advertise the social benefits of healthy choices.

2023-12-02-16.

16. A. They tended to be easily anticipated by those belonging to their own race.
    B. They tended to be arbitrarily judged by individuals of opposing groups.
    C. They were readily shared among members of the same social or racial group.
    D. They were influenced by the presence of someone from an outsider group.

16.What was the finding of the new research from America about consumers'food choices?
美国关于消费者食物选择的新研究发现了什么?
A.他们往往很容易被同种族的人预料到。
B.他们倾向于被对立团体的个人武断地评判。
C.它们很容易在同一社会或种族群体的成员之间共享。
D.他们受到了来自外部群体的人的影响。

文章中提到，这项研究发现，与来自同种族的观察者在场时相比，大学生更有可能在与自己不同种族的观察者在场的情况下选择健康食品。比起与同大学的人在一起时，当他们与来自不同大学的人在一起时，也是如此。研究人员表示，这是因为参与者预测外部群体会做出更多的负面评判。由此可知，消费者食物选择受到了来自外部群体的人的影响。

选项D 与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。

选项A、B 和C文章中均未提及，故排除。

2023-12-02-17.

17. A. When they tried to make a positive impression on the researchers.
    B. When an unknown student from another university was present
    C. When an experimenter from the research team took notice.
    D. When they were offered both candy and fruit as a snack.

17.When did 31 per cent of students in the experiment select the healthier option? 
实验中31%的学生什么时候选择了更健康的食物?
A.当他们试图给研究人员留下积极的印象时。
B.当另一所大学的一位不知名的学生在场时
C.当研究小组的实验者注意到的时候。
D.当他们同时得到糖果和水果作为零食时。

文章中提到，当有一个来自自己大学的陌生学生在场时，只有12%的学生选择了更健康的食物。然而，当有一个来自另一所大学的陌生学生在场时，这一数字为31%。选项B与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。 选项A 、C和D文章中均未提及，故排除。

2023-12-02-18.

18. A. By advertising its social benefits.
    B. By teaching consumers diet strategies.
    C. By supporting struggling consumers.
    D. By maintaining its positive image.

18.How could a healthy diet be promoted according to the findings of the new research? 
根据这项新研究的发现，如何促进健康饮食?
A.通过宣传它的社会效益。
B.通过教授消费者饮食策略。
C.支持苦苦挣扎的消费者。
D.通过维护其正面形象。

文章最后提到，这项研究发现，促进健康饮食的一种方法可能是宣传健康选择的社会效益。选项A与文章 内容一致，因此为正确答案。选项B 、C和D文章中均未提及，故排除。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

【听力原文】

  [19] For college students under pressure,a dog may be the best stress fighter around,according to the finding of a recent study."It’s a really powerful finding,“said Patricia Pendry,who led the study.“Universities are doing a lot of great work trying to help students succeed academically,especially those who may be at risk due to a history of mental health issues or academic and learning issues.[19] This study shows that traditional stress management approaches aren’t as effective for this population compared with programs that focus on providing opportunities to interact with therapy dogs.”
  [20] The researchers measured executive functioning in the students involved in the study.Executive function is a term for the skills one needs to plan,organize,motivate,concentrate and memorize.These are skills students need to succeed in college.The researchers found that students who were most at risk had the most improvements in executive functioning after interacting with therapy dogs.These results remained when researchers followed up six weeks later.
  Many universities provide academic stress management programs and workshops.These are traditionally very similar to college classes.They often talk about ways to get more sleep,set goals,or manage stress or anxiety. [21] Pendry acknowledges that these are really important topics and these workshops help typical students succeed But they’re less helpful for struggling students.Pendry believes those students may expericncc the programs as another lecture and feel even more stressed.

2023-12-02-19.

19. A. The academic and learning issues struggling students encounter.
    B. The risk students face due to a history of mental health problems.
    C. The effect of interacting with therapy dogs on students under pressure.
    D. The work universities are doing to help students succeed academically.

19.What does the recent study led by Patricia Pendry aim to examine?
帕特里夏 · 彭德里最近主导的这项研究旨在调查什么?
A.学习困难的学生遇到的学术和学习问题。
B.学生因有精神健康问题史而面临的风险。
C.与治疗犬互动对压力学生的影响。
D.大学为帮助学生在学业上取得成功所做的工作。

文章开头提到，最近的一项研究发现，对于承受压力的大学生来说，狗可能是最好的减压帮手。随后主导这项研究的帕特里夏·彭德里说道：这项研究表明，与专注于提供跟治疗犬互动机会的项目相比，传统的压力管理方法对这人群并没有那么有效。由此可知，这项研究旨在调查与治疗犬互动对承受压力的学生的影响。选项C 与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。A、B、D 三项在文中均有提及，但都不是这项研究的调查目的，故排除。

2023-12-02-20.

20. A. Their communicative skills.
    B. Their executive functioning.
    C. Their academic networking.
    D. Their leadership capacities.

20.What did the new study measure in the participants?
这项新研究评估了参与者的什么?
A.他们的沟通能力。
B.他们的执行功能。
C.他们的学术网络。
D.他们的领导能力。

文章中提到，研究人员评估了参与研究的学生的执行功能。选项B与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。选项A、C和D文章中均未提及，故排除。

2023-12-02-21.

21. A. Rid students of their anxiety.
    B. Add to some students’ stress.
    C. Contribute little to typical students’ success.
    D. Help students with mental issues pull through.

21.What does Patricia Pendry think traditional stress management programs may do?
帕特里夏.彭德里认为传统的压力管理课程可能有什么影响?
A.消除学生的焦虑。
B.增加学生的压力。
C.对典型学生的成功贡献不大。
D.帮助有心理问题的学生渡过难关。

文章最后提到，彭德里承认这些研讨会帮助典型的学生取得成功。但它们对陷入困境的学生帮助甚微。彭德里认为，这些学生可能会把这些课程当成另一种形式的讲座，并感到更有压力。也就是说，这些课程会给陷入困境的学生增加压力，选项B与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。

这些研讨会帮助典型的学生取得成功，而对陷入困境的学生帮助甚微，选项A以偏概全，选项C和D表述与文章内容相悖，故均排除。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

【听力原文】
  [22] Taking risks in business does not mean going into business blindly and then expecting great results.On the contrary,taking risks in entrepreneurship involves careful planning and hard work.Nobody can really be sure ifrisk: will be met with success,no matter how calculated they may be.But this should not stop you from taking risks,as risks are necessary if you want your business to succeed.
  Some risks may not work out,but an optimistic risk-taker willalways look at failure as an opportunity to learn [23] The willingness to experiment with new ideas is key to business growth.As the old saying goes,"Nothing ventured,nothing gained."Failure will teach you how to think and plan strategically.[24]But just remember that no all risks are good ones,and when you fail,learn from it and move forward.
  [25] Since most people tend to avoid risk,businesses that are brave enough to take risks already have a competitive advantage.They are the ones setting the standard with new ideas,fresh offers and bold inventions.Risk takers are best at adapting in difficult times.[25] Simply put,when most individuals stay away from risk,it means les competition for risk-takers.We don’t know if you’ll achieve what these risk-takers have achieved.But for as long as you want to stay safe,and for as long as you are content with where your business is right now,you will never find out.

2023-12-02-22.

22. A. Work hard and plan carefully.
    B. Attempt to succeed at any cost.
    C. Aim high and expect great results.
    D. Remain optimistic even in difficulty.

22.What do entrepreneurs have to do when taking risks according to the passage?
根据文章，企业家在承担风险时需要做什么?
A.努力工作，仔细计划。
B.不惜一切代价取得成功。
C.目标远大，期望取得好成绩。
D.即使在困难中也保持乐观。

文章开头提到，在商业中承担风险并不意味着盲目地创业，然后期望取得好的成果。相反，在创业中承担风险需要悉心规划和努力工作。选项A与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。选项B、C和D文章中均未提及，故排除。

2023-12-02-23.

23. A. Regarding failure as something inevitable.
    B. Trying out innovative marketing strategies.
    C. Venturing into sectors never explored before.
    D. Being willing to experiment with novel ideas.

23.What does the passage say is key to business growth?
文章认为企业发展的关键是什么?
A.认为失败是不可避免的。
B.尝试创新的营销策略。
C.涉足以前从未涉足的领域。
D.愿意尝试新奇的想法。

文章中提到，愿意尝试新想法是企业发展的关键。选项D与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。选项A 、B和 C 文章中均未提及，故排除。

2023-12-02-24.

24. A. Expect future success so as to move forward.
    B. Learn from our failure and forge ahead.
    C. Distinguish between good and bad risks.
    D. Examine our strategies and find out weaknesses.

24.What are we advised to do when we fail?
失败时，建议我们做什么?
A.期待未来的成功，以便向前迈进。
B.从失败中吸取教训，勇往直前。
C.区分好风险和坏风险。
D.检查我们的策略并找出弱点。

文章中提到，失败时，要从中吸取教训，继续前进。选项B与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。文章中提 到并非所有的风险都是好的，但这并不是建议我们区分好的风险和不良风险，故排除选项C。选项A 和D 文章中均未提及，故排除。

2023-12-02-25.

25. A. Fresher offers.
    B. Safer operation.
    C. More challenges.
    D. Less competition.

25.What does it mean to risk-taking businesses when most people tend to avoid risk?
当大多数人都倾向于规避风险时，这对于承担风险的企业来说意味着什么?
A.更新鲜的报价。
B.操作更安全。
C.更多挑战。
D.竞争减少。

文章中提到，由于大多数人都倾向于规避风险，因此勇于承担风险的企业已经具有竞争优势。简单地说，当大多数人远离风险时，就意味着风险承担者的竞争会减少。选项D与文章内容一致，因此为正确答案。文章提及，勇于承担风险的企业是用新的想法、新的提议和大胆的发明来树立标准，选项A是根据文章中出现的fresh offers而设置的干扰项，故排除。选项B和C文章中均未提及，故排除。

Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
  A number of studies have looked at how family life can affect productivity and satisfaction in the workplace. However, there has been 26 little research on the influence of leisure activities. So Ciara Kelly and colleagues recruited 129 hobbyists to look at how the time spent on their hobbies 27 their work life.
  The researchers found that when participants spent longer than 28 on their leisure activity, their belief in their ability to perform their job was strengthened. But this was only the 29 when they had a serious hobby that was dissimilar to their job, or when their hobby was similar to their work but they only did it 30 . When their hobby was both serious and similar to their job, then spending more time on it actually decreased their work 31 .
  Why might that be? To maintain a serious hobby, people need to invest significant psychological resources, say the authors — so if the activity has the same kinds of demands as their work, they may be left 32 and unable to perform well at their job. But if their hobby is quite different from their career, it may not 33 in the same way but instead help them develop other knowledge and skills that can 34 their confidence at work. “Consider a scientist who is a keen rock climber,” says Kelly. “Since climbing is so far 35 from their day-to-day work activities, they can still recover from the demands of their job with plenty of resources.”

A. boost
B. case
C. casually
D. efficiency
E. estate
F. exhausted
G. faculty
H. interfere
I. normal
J. prevalent
K. relative
L. removed
M. scratch
N. shaped
O. surprisingly

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one ofthe paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

More fathers are taking paternity leave, but mothers are still doing all the work

A. Attitudes towards paternity leave (陪产假) have drastically changed in America in the last five years as more fathers feel comfortable taking extended time off, but gender bias persists when it comes to career prospects and the home, according to a new study of working parents.

B. Research by the Boston College Center for Work & Family, which surveyed new parents at four large U.S.companies who were qualified for taking at least six weeks paid parental leave, found that 81% of the 1,240 employees surveyed said the notion of fathers taking leave has become more acceptable.

C. Of those surveyed, 62% of fathers took the maximum amount of time off compared to 93% of mothers,and around three-quarters of workers said their employer was equally supportive of mothers and fathers taking parental leave and over half said leave policies had made workplace culture better.

D. The U.S. is one of only three countries in the world not to offer statutory ( 法定的) paid leave, but increasingly states and companies are starting to take up the issue. So far, eight states and the District of Columbia have their own paid family leave laws.

E. Brad Harrington, executive director of the center and lead author of the study, estimates only 20% to 30% of companies in the U.S. offer paid parental leave. He feels the research findings reflect an obvious change in corporate attitudes to new fathers taking time off.

F. “We did a study on paternity leave five years ago. Compared with those findings, these numbers were shocking to me. I did not expect 80% of people to say the organisation finds dads taking this leave acceptable and three-quarters to say it’s equally supportive of women and men taking leave,” Harrington said.

G. The previous study found that nearly three-quarters of fathers saw two to four weeks as an appropriate duration for paternity leave and 76% said they would prefer not to take all their time off at once.

H. Since then, there have been a number of legal cases against companies involving paternity leave — including cases against JPMorgan Chase and Estée Lauder — which have helped put pressure on companies to make their parental leave policies gender neutral.

I. However, the study also shows how traditional gender roles endure both at work, where more women than men reported changes in their perceived career potential, and at home — even among workers who claim to have a strong desire for equality.

J. The vast majority of men, 97%, said one of the top reasons to take leave was to share caregiving with their partner. But when they were asked about how caregiving and household tasks were divided, their answers painted a different picture. While about 75% of employees said both genders should give the same amount of care, the majority of men and nearly half of women admitted that in reality the female actually did most of it. A tiny fraction, 2%, of men said they did more of the childcare.

K. Men and women’s experiences of the return to work following parental leave were also considerably different. Of the women surveyed, 32% reported a downturn in their job satisfaction, while 14% said it increased. In comparison, 17% of men said their job satisfaction went down and 20% said it went up. Meanwhile, more women reported an increase in their responsibilities and manager expectations after childbirth. Half of the women said they used flexible work arrangements after becoming a parent, while just 27% of men did. Similar percentages of men and women said they enjoyed their careers and that it gave them a sense of achievement, while around half of women and 44% of men said it was a key part of their identity.

L. On the subject of career advancement, 59% of women and 49% of men said leave could be limiting and both genders said they feared it would have an impact on their progress long-term. But on opportunity for promotion, more than double the number of women, 30% compared with 15% of men, believed their chances to be lower after becoming a parent. Despite progress, the struggle for women to reach the highest positions ofpower is demonstrated in this year’s Fortune 500 list, which featured a record 33 female CEOs, but this still represents a tiny fraction of the total.

M. Harrington said culture change depends on companies putting more focus on men and their responsibilities.“By that I mean companies need to give men paternity leave and encourage men to take time off to be with their kids early on in the kids’ life. They also need to recognise that men have to make significant adjustments when they become parents. Companies cannot do all these things to enhance women’s advancement and then turn around and say, ‘Oh, but we don’t expect the men to take over for the women at home. ’ ”

N. In May, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and Outten & Golden LLP announced a historic class-action $5m settlement with JPMorgan Chase on behalf of male employees who claim they were illegally denied access to paid parental leave. Derek Rotondo, 35, filed the discrimination charge against his company after he was allegedly told by his HR department that mothers were considered primary caregivers. Thus, they were allowed to take 16 weeks of paid parental leave. Fathers, however, could take just two weeks.

O. The father of two from Columbus, Ohio, who still works at the company as an associate and investigator,said he has witnessed a “domino effect (多米诺效应)” across companies since the settlement, but that there is still substantial progress to be made towards changing attitudes towards paternity leave.

P. “I do think there’s still some way to go…there’s still going to be sort of the unstated expectation for new dads to essentially come right back to work, but I think the research is showing that’s starting to change.” He said equal parental leave is an essential component to creating gender equality in the workplace. “The old standard of women staying home, having babies and cooking doesn’t apply and hasn’t applied for a long time.”

36. In the absence of Federal legislation, some states in the U.S. have passed laws concerning paid family leave.
37. Most fathers admitted that even during their paternity leave they actually did much less childcare than the mother.
38. According to one father, equal parental leave is indispensable to achieving gender equality in the workplace.
39. One survey indicated there is now less objection to paternity leave.
40. Compared to five years ago, according to one researcher, many more people said their organisation gave the same support to men and women taking parental leave.
41. One study finds that even workers who claim to desire gender equality stick to traditional gender roles both at work and at home.
42. The majority of workers surveyed said parental leave policies had improved workplace culture.
43. In spite ofprogress, the number of women in top positions of big companies remains extremely small.
44. According to one estimate, less than one third of companies in the U.S. provide paid parental leave.
45. A number of lawsuits have pressured companies to formulate gender neutral policies on parental leave.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  Having a rival can keep you committed to achieving your goals and enhance your overall performance. But before you go out and find an entrepreneur to outcompete, it’s important to understand and avoid the traps that often come with rivalry. After all, competitive rivalry can also hinder effective decision-making and increase your willingness to take risks, behaviors that can ultimately hurt your venture’s success.
  Finding someone you’re committed to outcompeting can be a great way to stay focused on your goals and push your venture to the next level. But when you’re intently focused on outperforming your rivals, you may begin to develop a “win-at-all-costs” mentality that causes you to ignore how you achieve success. One group of researchers, for example, examined the link between rivalry and unethical behavior. They found that when people compete against their rivals, they are more willing to behave unethically to win. But such behavior may stain your reputation and strain relationships important to your success. One way to avoid this trap is to stop and reflect on what’s important. While outperforming your rivals may provide short-term benefits, the loss ofyour integrity will have long-term consequences.
  One reason having a rival can enhance your venture’s performance is that it creates a level of excitement that drives you to work harder. But this eagerness to win may also hurt your venture’s success, particularly when it causes you to make impulsive, insensible decisions. But it’s possible to avoid such costly mistakes by making a habit of engaging in critical thinking, such as considering opposing viewpoints and conducting cost- benefit analyses, especially for those decisions that are complex and can determine the future ofyour venture.
  The sense of eagerness that comes with having a rival can not only cause you to make poorer decisions, but it can also lead you to take greater risks that put your venture in peril. One way you can overcome the risk-inducing effects of rivalry that stand to endanger your venture’s success is to remain attentive to your emotional state and actively monitor how such feelings are affecting your decision-making.

2023-12-02-46.—细节辨认题—难—定位难，同义替换“competitive rivalry benefit”替换为“Having a rival can keep you”

46. How can competitive rivalry benefit entrepreneurs according to the passage?【原文：Having a rival can keep you committed to achieving your goals and enhance your overall performance. But before you go out and find an entrepreneur to outcompete, it’s important to understand and avoid the traps that often come with rivalry. 】
    A. By enabling them to outcompete other entrepreneurs. 【虽然出现原词，但是意思看起来不对，不过大概率会误选，因为不好定位准确】
    B. By enabling them to make their venture a success.
    C. By helping them to reach long-term goals.
    D. By helping them to stay goal-oriented.

46. 根据这篇文章，竞争性的较量如何使企业家受益?
A. 通过让他们能够超越其他企业家。          
B. 通过让他们的企业取得成功。
C. 通过帮助他们实现长期目标。                    
D. 通过帮助他们保持以目标为导向。

根据题干关键词competitive rivalry benefit entrepreneurs 可以将答案定位到第一段第一句。

第一段第一句指出，拥有一个竞争对手可以让你致力于实现自己的目标并提升你的整体表现。由此可知，通过帮助企业家保持以目标为导向并提升表现，竞争性的较量可以让企业家受益，故本题选D。其他三项的内容都与原文不符，均排除。

2023-12-02-47.—推理判断题—难—没有同义替换，纯看懂推理

47. What is one of the traps entrepreneurs may often fall into when competing with rivals?【原文： They found that when people compete against their rivals, they are more willing to behave unethically to win. But such behavior may stain your reputation and strain relationships important to your success. 】
    A. They may adopt strategies that are bound to ruin their venture.
    B. They may resort to unethical means to outperform their rivals.
    C. They may be too eager to succeed while ignoring the huge labor cost.
    D. They may be intently focused on winning at the current market level.

47. 企业家在与竞争对手竞争时可能经常掉进什么陷阱当中?
A. 他们可能会采取必然会毁掉他们企业的策略。
B. 他们可能会诉诸不道德的手段来超越他们的竞争对手。
C. 他们可能过于渴望成功，而忽略了巨大的人力成本。
D. 他们可能非常专注于在当前的市场水平获胜。

根据题干关键词traps entrepreneurs may ofen fall into可以将答案定位到第二段。第六句说到避免掉进这个陷阱的方法，而题目问的是陷阱是什么，需要从上文去寻找。
第二段第四句指出，当与竞争对手竞争时，人们更愿意为了赢得胜利而做出不道德的行为。第五句指出这种做法的弊端，然后第六句给出了避免掉进这个陷阱的方法。由此可知，陷阱就是第四句提到的，人们为了超越竞争对手而做出一些不道德的行为，故本题选B。

选项A 过于绝对，原文只是说他们可能会做出不道德的行为，玷污企业的声誉，并没有说这必然会毁掉整个企业，故排除。

选项C 和D 的内容原文均没有提及，可以排除。

2023-12-02-48.—细节题—难—原词复现陷阱+同义替换词汇不懂—reflect on替换为deliberate仔细考虑

48. What are entrepreneurs advised to do to avoid traps that often accompany rivalry?【原文：One way to avoid this trap is to stop and reflect on what’s important. While outperforming your rivals may provide short-term benefits, the loss ofyour integrity will have long-term consequences.】
    A. Deliberate on what really matters.
    C. Estimate the long-term consequences.
    B. Prioritize reaping immediate benefits.
    D. Reflect on what successes are achievable.

48. 作者建议企业家做什么来避免那些往往伴随竞争而来的陷阱?
A. 慎重考虑什么才是真正重要的事。          
B. 优先获取眼前的利益 。 
C. 估计长期的后果。             
D. 反思哪些成功是可以实现的。

根据题干关键词avoid traps以及上一题的定位分析可以将答案定位到第二段倒数第二句。

第二段倒数第二句指出，避免掉进这个陷阱的一个方法是停下来，反思一下什么才是重要的。由此可知，作者建议企业家慎重考虑什么才是真正重要的，故本题选A。 选项中的deliberate意为“慎重考虑，仔细思考”，与原文中的reflect on属于同义替换。其余三个选项虽然使用了原文词汇，但是表达的意思与原文均不一致，可以排除。

2023-12-02-49.—细节题—critical thinking替换为critical reasoning。

49. How can entrepreneurs avoid making impulsive and insensible decisions?【原文：But this eagerness to win may also hurt your venture’s success, particularly when it causes you to make impulsive, insensible decisions. But it’s possible to avoid such costly mistakes by making a habit of engaging in critical thinking, such as considering opposing viewpoints and conducting cost- benefit analyses, especially for those decisions that are complex and can determine the future ofyour venture.】
    A. By engaging themselves in critical reasoning.
    B. By developing a habit of keeping their integrity.
    C. By criticizing themselves for previous poor performances.
    D. By refraining from being too excited about their successes.

49. 企业家如何才能避免做出冲动和不明智的决定?
A. 通过进行批判性论证。                     
B. 养成保持正直的习惯 。
C. 批评自己以前的糟糕表现。              
D. 不要对自己的成功过于兴奋。

根据题干关键词avoid making impulsive and insensible decisions可以将答案定位到第三段第二句、第三句。

第三段第二句指出，这种对胜利的渴望也可能有损于你的企业的成功，特别是当它导致你做出了冲动、不明智的决策时。接着第三句给出了避免这种错误的方法——养成进行批判性思考的习惯，并举例说明。由此可知，企业家通过进行批判性论证，可以避免做出冲动和不明智的决定，故本题选A 。选项中的critical reasoning 与原文中的critical thinking属于同义替换。

其余三个选项原文均没有提及，可以排除。

2023-12-02-50.—remain attentive to … and actively monitor（密切关注并积极监控）替换为keep…in check（约束；控制）

50. How can entrepreneurs overcome the risk-inducing effects of rivalry?【原文：One way you can overcome the risk-inducing effects of rivalry that stand to endanger your venture’s success is to remain attentive to your emotional state and actively monitor how such feelings are affecting your decision-making.】
    A. By paying close attention to their current performance.
    B. By taking steps that stand to endanger their rivals’ success.
    C. By monitoring how their decision-making impacts their mentality.
    D. By keeping their emotions in check to avoid making poor decisions.

50. 企业家如何克服竞争的风险诱发效应?
A. 通过密切关注他们目前的表现。            
B. 通过采取措施来危及对手的成功。       
C. 通过监控他们的决策是如何影响他们的心态的。   
D. 通过约束自己的情绪，以避免做出错误的决策。

根据题干关键词risk-inducing effects of rivalry可以将答案定位到最后一段最后一句。

最后一段最后一句指出，竞争有风险诱发效应，这会危及企业的成功，能克服这种效应的一种方法是密切 关注你的情绪状态，并积极地监控这样的情绪是如何影响你的决策的。换句话说，想要克服竞争带来的风险，就要约束自己的情绪，不要让情绪影响你做出错误的决策，故本题选D 。选项中的keep…in check意 为“约束；控制”与原文中的remain attentive to … and actively monitor（密切关注并积极监控）属于同义替换。

选项A错在密切关注的对象不正确，原文说的是密切关注自己的情绪，而不是表现，可以排除。

选项 B原文未提及，而且明显属于不道德的行为，比较容易排除。

原文是说监控情绪如何影响决策，而不是监控决策如何影响心态，故也排除选项C。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  A multitasker is one who can perform two or more tasks effectively at the same time, which — apart from the obvious differences — is similar to what a computer does. The concept does indeed come from the realms of technology, where it is used to refer to an operating system that can execute multiple tasks at the same time. However, the question is: can a person really be a multitasker?
  For most scientists, the answer is no. So much so that, according to experts in neuroscience(神经系统科学), our brains do not handle multitasking situations well. As soon as two tasks require our attention, productivity suffers. What we call multitasking, therefore, is in reality the ability to move more or less quickly from one task to another. This requires two essential conditions: that one of the tasks needs to be automatic, like walking or eating, and that they both need different mental processes. Answering the phone and writing at the same time, for example.
  However, on the other side of the coin there are people who maintain that it is possible to be, or at least seem to be, multitasking. A recent study concluded that regardless of whether people are actually handling several tasks or not, the mere fact that they perceive this activity as multitasking has a positive effect on their performance.
  The business perspective offers a different view： multitasking is understood as the ability to adapt to all types of environment within a company and effectively undertake different activities within a set time frame. Indeed, many companies look for people who are skilled in multitasking to improve their productivity. From this different perspective, you can not only be multitasking but this ability can also be taught: something that is easier in fluid organisations, which favour flexibility in their working practices.
  The benefits of multitasking are clear. Being quicker and more efficient increases our performance and the number of tasks completed. But having to pay attention to several things at once means that the powers of concentration are reduced and that can lead to more mistakes.

2023-12-02-51.细节辨认题—难—定位难，同义替换“refer to”替换为“come from”—答案同义替换简单“at once”替换为“at the same time”

51. What does a “multitasker” originally refer to?【原文：A multitasker is one who can perform two or more tasks effectively at the same time, which — apart from the obvious differences — is similar to what a computer does. The concept does indeed come from the realms of technology, where it is used to refer to an operating system that can execute multiple tasks at the same time. However, the question is: can a person really be a multitasker?】
    A. An operating system capable of doing several tasks at once.
    B. A skilled worker executing more than one task at the same time.
    C. A sophisticated technology doing several tasks effectively at once.
    D. An efficient person able to perform multiple tasks at the same time.

51. “多重任务处理者”最初指的是什么?
A. 一个能够同时进行多项任务的操作系统。   
B. 一个同时执行多项任务的技术工人 。 
C.一项可以同时有效完成多项任务的复杂技术。
D. 一个能够同时进行多项任务的高效人士。	 

根据题干关键词“multitasker”originally refer to可以将答案定位到第一段前两句。题干中的originally refer to 与原文中的come from属于同义替换。

第一段第一句指出，多重任务处理者是可以同时有效地处理两项或多项任务的人。但是这并没有说这个概念最初指什么，我们继续往下看，可以发现，第二句给出了答案：这个概念确实源自技术领域，它用来指代可以同时执行多项任务的操作系统。由此可知，选项A 正确。

其他三项的内容都与原文不符，均可以 排除。

2023-12-02-52.—细节辨认题—找到定位句，确认主语是brain，谓语是not handle，宾语是multitask，选出C。

52. Why can’t people really be multitaskers according to neuroscientists?【原文：For most scientists, the answer is no. So much so that, according to experts in neuroscience(神经系统科学), our brains do not handle multitasking situations well. 】
    A. They are not sufficiently exposed to multitasking situations.
    B. They are not comparable to mechanical operating systems.
    C. Their brains do not allow them to multitask.
    D. Their attention span cannot be expanded.

52. 根据神经科学家的说法，人们为什么不能成为真正的多重任务处理者?
A. 他们没有充分接触多重任务处理的情况。     
B. 他们无法与机械的操作系统相比。   
C.他们的大脑不允许他们同时处理多项任务。    
D. 他们的注意力范围无法扩大。    

根据题干关键词neuroscientists可以将答案定位到第二段第二句。
第一段第一句指出，根据神经系统科学去家的说法，我们的大脑无法很好地处理多重任务的情况。由此可知，人们不能真正地进行多重任务处理是因为大脑不允许，故选项C 正确。

其他三项的内容原文均没有提及，可以排除。

2023-12-02-53.—细节辨认题—1.通过关键词找到原文定位出；2.找主语是people；3.谓语是perceive，答案是perceive替换为perception

53. What do we learn from the conclusion of a recent study on multitasking?【原文：A recent study concluded that regardless of whether people are actually handling several tasks or not, the mere fact that they perceive this activity as multitasking has a positive effect on their performance.】
    A. People make greater achievements by maintaining whatever they are doing is multitasking.
    B. People’s performance benefits from the perception of what they are doing as multitasking.
    C. People’s active mental processes exert a positive effect on their multitasking.
    D. People can improve their capabilities by handling multitasking situations.

53. 从最近一项关于多重任务处理的研究结论中，我们能了解到什么?
A. 通过坚称他们所做的任何事情都是多重任务处理，人们取得更大的成就。
B. 人们认为自己正在进行的工作是多重任务处理，这种想法对他们的表现有益处。
C. 人们活跃的心理过程对他们的多重任务处理产生了积极的影响。
D. 人们可以通过处理多重任务的情况来提升自己的能力。

根据题干关键词the conclusion ofa recent study可以将答案定位到第三段第二句。
第三段第二句指出，最近的一项研究得出结论，无论人们是否真的在同时处理几项任务，只要他们认为这项活动是多重任务处理，就会对他们的表现起到积极的作用。由此可知，只要人们认为自己在处理多重任务，他们就能从这种想法中受益，故选项B 正确。选项中的perception与原文中的perceive属于同义替换。

其他三项的内容均与原文不符，可以排除。

2023-12-02-54.—推理判断题—关键字是“ability”和"activities"

54. How does the business world view multitasking?【原文：The business perspective offers a different view： multitasking is understood as the ability to adapt to all types of environment within a company and effectively undertake different activities within a set time frame. Indeed, many companies look for people who are skilled in multitasking to improve their productivity.】
    A. It is a rare skill often found in fluid organisations.
    B. It is an adaptable capability required of all workers.
    C. It is an essential quality many employees lack.
    D. It is a desirable ability that can be developed.

54. 商界如何看待多重任务处理?
A. 它是一种罕见的技能，常出现在流动性强的组织中。   
B. 它是一种所有员工都需要拥有的适应能力。
C. 它是许多员工都缺乏的一项必备特质。        
D. 它是一种可以培养的理想能力。

根据题干关键词business world view multitasking可以将答案定位到倒数第二段。

倒数第二段开头指出，从商业角度来看，多重任务处理被认为是适应公司的所有环境类型，并在设定的时间范围内有效地开展不同活动的能力。事实上，许多公司都在寻找擅长多重任务处理的人来提高其生产力。由此可知，多重任务处理是一种值得拥有的理想能力。本段第三句话指出，你不仅可以同时处理多项任务，而且这种能力也可以被教授。既然它是能被教授的，那么就说明，这种能力是能通过学习而培养的，故选项D正确。

选项A错在原文并没有说这是一种罕见的技能。选项B错在原文没有说所有员工都需要拥有这种能力。

选项C原文并未提及，可排除。

2023-12-02-55.—推理判断题—结合最后一段的意思和but推出需要避免multitasking.

55. What does the author imply we should do if we have to focus on some task and do it well?【原文：The benefits of multitasking are clear. Being quicker and more efficient increases our performance and the number of tasks completed. But having to pay attention to several things at once means that the powers of concentration are reduced and that can lead to more mistakes.】
    A. Work in a flexible way.
    B. Learn from mistakes.
    C. Avoid multitasking.
    D. Increase efficiency.

55.如果我们必须专注于某项任务并把它做好，作者暗示我们应该怎么做?
A. 以灵活的方式工作。
B. 从错误中吸取教训。
C. 避免进行多重任务处理。
D. 提高效率。

根据题干关键词have to focus on some task可以将答案定位到最后一段最后一句。

最后一段开头先指出多重任务处理的好处，最后一句以but转折指出多重任务处理的弊端，即不得不同时关注几件事就意味着注意力会减弱，从而可能会导致更多的错误。从这句话可以分析得知，作者在暗示我们，如果我们想专注于一项任务，并且把它做好，我们最好不要采用多重任务处理的方式，故选项C正确。

其他三项的内容均与原文不符，可以排除。

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
  改革开放以来，中国人民生活水平不断提高,这在人们的饮食 (diet) 变化上得到充分体现。如今，人们不再满足于吃得饱，而是追求吃得更加安全、更加营养、更加健康，食物也愈来愈丰富多样，不再限于本地的农产品。物流业（logistics industry）的发展使人们很容易品尝到全国各地的特产。毫无疑问，食 品质量与饮食结构的改善为增进人们健康提供了有力的保障。