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文章目录
2023 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 3 套）
PartI Writing ( 30 minutes)
Directions: Suppose the university newspaper is inviting submissions from the students for its coming edition on a campus event that has impressed them most. You are now to write an essay for submission. You will have 30 minutes to write the essay. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part II Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)
提示：2023 年 12 月四级全国只考两套听力，本套听力内容与第一二套相同，故本套未重复显示。
Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
When people set out to improve their health, they usually take a familiar path: starting a healthy diet, getting better sleep, and doing regular exercise. Each of these behaviors is important, of course, but they all 26 on physical health — and a growing body of research suggests that social health is just as, if not more, important to 27 well-being.
One recent study published in the journal PLOS ONE, for example, found that the strength of a person’s social circle was a better 28 of self-reported stress, happiness and well-being levels than fitness tracker data on physical activity, heart rate and sleep. That finding suggests that the “ 29 self” represented by endless amounts of health data doesn’t tell the whole 30 .
There’s also a qualified self, which is who I am, what are my activities, my social network, and all of these aspects are not 31 in any of these measurements.
This idea is supported by plenty of 32 research. Studies have shown that social support — whether it comes from friends, family members or a spouse — is 33 associated with better mental and physical health. A rich social life, these studies suggest, can lower stress levels, improve mood, encourage positive health behaviors and discourage damaging ones, boost heart health and improve illness 34 rates.
Social isolation, meanwhile, is linked to higher rates of physical diseases and mental health conditions. It’s a significant problem, 35 since loneliness is emerging as a widespread public health problem in many countries.
A. base
B. eagerly
C. especially
D. focus
E. indicator
F. overall
G. preached
H. prior
I. prompt
J. puzzle
K. quantified
L. recovery
M. reflected
N. story
O. strongly
Section B
Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one ofthe paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.
A. As a parent of two boys at primary school, I worry about the issues associated with teenagers and social media. Newspapers are constantly filled with frightening accounts of drug addiction and aggressive behaviour supposedly caused by violent videogames. But even when these accounts touch on real concerns, they do not really reflect the great mass of everyday teenage social behaviour: the online chat, the texting, the surfing, and the emergence of a new teenage sphere that is conducted digitally.
B. New technologies always provoke generational panic, which usually has more to do with adult fears than with the lives of teenagers. In the 1930s, parents worried that radio was gaining “an irresistible hold of their children” . In the 80s, the great danger was the Sony Walkman (随身听). When you look at today’s digital activity, the facts are much more positive than you might expect.”
C. Indeed, social scientists who study young people have found that their digital use can be inventive and even beneficial. This is true not just in terms of their social lives, but their education too. So if you use a ton of social media, do you become unable, or unwilling, to engage in face-to-face contact? The evidence suggests not. Research by Amanda Lenhart of the Pew Research Centre, a U.S. think tank, found that the most passionate texters are also the kids most likely to spend time with friends in person. One form of socialising doesn’t replace the other. It expands it.
D. “Kids still spend time face to face,” Lenhart says. Indeed, as they get older and are given more freedom,they often ease up on social networking. Early on, the web is their “third space”, but by the late teens, it’s replaced in reaction to greater independence. They have to be on Facebook, to know what’s going on among friends and family, but they are ambivalent ( 有矛盾心理的) about it, says Rebecca Eynon, a research fellow at the Oxford Internet Institute, who has interviewed about 200 British teenagers over three years. As they gain experience with living online, they begin to adjust their behaviour, struggling with new communication skills, as they do in the real world.
E. Parents are wrong to worry that kids don’t care about privacy. In fact, they spend hours changing Facebook settings or using quick-delete sharing tools, such as Snapchat, to minimise their traces. Or they post a photograph on Instagram, have a pleasant conversation with friends and then delete it so that no traces remain.
F. This is not to say that kids always use good judgment. Like everyone else, they make mistakes — sometimes serious ones. But working out how to behave online is a new social skill. While there’s plenty of drama and messiness online, it is not, for most teens, a cycle of non-stop abuse: a Pew study found only 15% of teens said someone had bullied them online in the last 12 months.
G. But surely all this short-form writing is affecting literacy? Certainly, teachers worry. They say that kids use overly casual language and text-speak in writing, and don’t have as much patience for long reading and complex arguments. Yet studies of first-year college papers suggest these anxieties may be partly based on misguided nostalgia (怀旧). When Stanford University scholar Andrea Lunsford gathered data on the rates of errors in “freshman composition” papers going back to 1917, she found that they were virtually identical to today.
H. But even as error rates stayed stable, student essays have blossomed in size and complexity. They are now six times longer and, unlike older “what I did this summer” essays, they offer arguments supported by evidence. Why? Computers have vastly increased the ability of students to gather information, sample different points of view and write more fluidly.
I. When linguist Naomi Baron studied students’ instant messaging even there she found surprisingly rare usage of short forms such as “u” for “you”, and as students got older, they began to write in more grammatical sentences. That is because they want to appear more adult, and they know how adults are expected to write. Clearly, teaching teens formal writing is still crucial, but texting probably isn’t destroying their ability to learn it.
J. It is probably true that fewer kids are heavy readers compared with two generations ago, when cheap paperbacks boosted rates of reading. But even back then, a minority of people — perhaps 20% — were lifelong heavy readers, and it was cable TV, not the internet, that struck a blow at that culture in the 1980s. Still, 15% or more of kids are found to be deeply bookish. In fact, the online world offers kids remarkable opportunities to become literate and creative because young people can now publish ideas not just to their friends, but to the world. And it turns out that when they write for strangers, their sense of “authentic audience” makes them work harder, push themselves further, and create powerful new communicative forms.
K. Few would deny that too much time online can be harmful. Some of the dangers are emotional: hurting someone from a distance is not the same as hurting them face to face. If we’re lucky, the legal environment will change to make teenagers’ online lives less likely to haunt them later on. Just last week, California passed a law allowing minors to demand that internet firms erase their digital past and the EU has considered similar legislation.
L. Distraction is also a serious issue. When kids switch from chat to music to homework, they are indeed likely to have trouble doing each task well. And studies show that pupils don’t fact-check information online — “smart searching” is a skill schools need to teach urgently. It’s also true that too much social networking and game playing can cut into schoolwork and sleep. This is precisely why parents still need to set firm boundaries around it, as with any other distraction.
M. So what’s the best way to cope? The same boring old advice that applies to everything in parenting: moderation. Rebecca Eynon argues that it’s key to model good behaviour. Parents who stare non-stop at their phones and don’t read books are likely to breed kids who will do the same. As ever, we ought to be careful about our own behaviour.
- Research has found the use of digital technology benefits not only teenagers’ social lives but also their studies.
- It is urgent that schools teach kids how to verify online information.
- Students now write longer and more complex essays than their counterparts in previous decades while the error rates remain unchanged.
- Newspaper reports of teenagers give a false picture of their behaviour.
- Parents are advised to mind their own digital behaviour and set a good example for their kids.
- Contrary to parents’ belief, kids try hard to leave as few traces as possible on the web.
- Students’ ability to learn formal writing is unlikely to be affected by texting.
- Historically, new technologies have always caused great fears among parents.
- The reading culture was seriously affected by cable television some four decades ago.
- Teachers say that kids’ writing is too casual, using language characteristic of text messages.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
In the history of horse racing, few horses have captured the affection of the British public like Red Rum.Today, three decades after his retirement, he is still one of the best-known and most beloved racehorses of all time.
Red Rum was passed around to several owners before being purchased for Noel Le Mar. The agent who made the purchase was the now-legendary horse trainer Donald “Ginger” McCain.
It wasn’t apparent at the time, but Red Rum had a serious bone disease in his foot. For many horses (and many trainers) this would mean the end of a racing career before it even began. For Ginger and Red Rum, though, it was just an obstacle to greatness that had to be overcome.
Red Rum’s true talent came out in steeplechases ( 障碍赛马). His power, speed and jumping ability carried him to his first Grand National title in 1973. The very next year, Red Rum returned to take his second title. He was the first horse to take successive firsts since Reynoldstown in 1935 - 1936. Red Rum’s spirit and grace had already begun to charm the leagues of Grand National fans.
In the following two years, Red Rum lost out on the title, coming in second both times. When he returned in 1977 to try again, he was largely regarded as pasthis prime. He was 12 years old and not expected to place highly. He surprised sporting fans around the world when he came in a remarkable 25 lengths ahead of the nearest horse, taking his third Grand National win. To this day, Red Rum’s third win is known as one of the greatest moments in horse racing history.
Red Rum was headed for the Grand National once again in 1978 but suffered an injury in one of his heels shortly before the race. He was retired soon after, but his public life and fame by no means decreased with the end of his career. Red Rum traveled all over the country for various engagements. He often led pre-race parades at Aintree Racecourse and was a popular guest at charity benefits and public events.
2023-12-03-46.—细节辨认题—选项C符合“倒转”和“可能同义替换【因为不认识myth是否跟best-known】”，优先选C，结果错了。—选项B有“and”，原文定位句也有“and”，也是同义替换“best-known”替换为“fame”，“most beloved”替换为“love”
- What do we learn from the passage about Red Rum the racehorse?【原文：In the history of horse racing, few horses have captured the affection of the British public like Red Rum.Today, three decades after his retirement, he is still one of the best-known and most beloved racehorses of all time.】
A. He captured public affection long before he won national titles.
B. He won enormous fame and love from British people.
C. He became a myth three decades after his retirement.
D. He owed his great success to several well-known horse trainers.
46. 关于赛马红朗姆，我们从文章中了解到什么?
A. 早在赢得全国冠军之前，它就俘获了公众的喜爱。
B. 它在英国民众中享有盛誉，颇受喜爱。
C. 它在退役三十年后成为一个神话。
D. 它的巨大成功归功于几位著名的驯马师。
题干关键词Red Rum通篇都有出现，可以根据出题顺序与答题顺序基本一致的原则将答案定位到第一段。
第一段指出，在赛马历史上，很少有马匹能像红朗姆那样俘获英国民众的喜爱。如今，在它退役三十年后，它仍是有史以来最著名和最受欢迎的赛马之一。由此可知，选项B与原文表述相符，故选B 。
由原文第四段可知红朗姆是在蝉联冠军之后开始受到公众喜爱的，因此选项A表述有误，可排除；
C 、D 两项在原文中没有提及，故排除。
2023-12-03-47.
- What did the serious bone disease in Red Rum’s foot mean to himself and his trainer?
A. It was simply a hindrance they had to get over to excel.
B. It was surely a disadvantage though not considered fatal.
C. It was actually the end of a racing career that had just begun.
D. It was really a major obstacle hard to overcome on their own.
47. 红朗姆马蹄上严重的骨病对它自己和它的驯马师来说意味着什么?
A. 这只是他们成就非凡必须克服的障碍。
B. 虽然不致命，但这确实是一个劣势。
C. 这实际上使得刚刚开始的赛马生涯走向终结。
D. 这对他们来说确实是一个很难独自克服的巨大障碍。
第三段指出，当时并不明显，但是红朗姆的马蹄上有严重的骨病。对很多马匹(和很多驯马师)来说这意味着其赛马生涯还没开始就结束了。然而，对于金加和红朗姆来说，这只是成就非凡必须克服的个障碍。由此可知，选项A正确，其中hindrance、getover、excel分别对应原文中的obstacle、overcome、grcatncss，属于同义替换。
选项B和D的内容原文没有提到，可以排除。由原文第二段开头的内容可知，这种情况是对很多其他的马匹和驯马师而言的，对于金加和红朗姆来说并非如此，故排除C项。
2023-12-03-48.
- What does the author say Red Rum did with his power, speed and jumping ability?
A. He won his first Grand National title at 12.
B. He took two firsts successively in 1935 - 1936.
C. He surprised sporting fans worldwide in 1973.
D. He took three Grand National wins in the 1970s.
48.作者说红朗姆凭借它的力量、速度和跳跃能力做了什么?
A. 它在12岁时赢得了它的第一个英国国家障碍赛马大赛冠军。
B. 它在1935~1936年连续两次获得冠军。
C. 它在1973年震惊了全世界的体育迷。
D. 它在20世纪70年代获得了三次英国国家障碍赛马大赛冠军。
根据题干关键词his power,speed and jumping ability可以将答案定位到第四段。
第四段第二句和第三句指出，它的力量、速度和跳跃能力使它在1973年获得了它的第一个英国国家障碍 赛马大赛冠军。就在第二年，红朗姆再次夺冠。第五段提到它在1977年再次参赛时，以领先亚军25个马身的非凡成绩第三次赢得英国国家障碍赛马大赛的冠军时，它震惊了全世界的体育迷们。由此可知，红朗姆的三次夺冠均在20世纪70年代，选项D正确。其他三项均与原文不符，可排除。
2023-12-03-49.
- What did people generally think of Red Rum when he returned to the racecourse in 1977?
A. He had already passed the peak of his racing life.
B. He would have no rival in Grand National steeplechases.
C. He had lost his charm with the leagues of Grand National fans.
D. He could be expected to repeat his glory in the prime of his career.
49.1977年红朗姆重返赛马场时，人们普遍认为它如何?
A. 它已经过了赛马生涯的巅峰。
B. 它在英国国家障碍赛马大赛中没有对手。
C. 它在英国国家障碍赛马大赛粉丝联盟中已经没有吸引力了。
D. 它有望在职业生涯的黄金时期重现辉煌。
根据题干关键词in 1977可以将答案定位到第五段第二句。
第五段第二句指出，当它在1977年重返赛场再次尝试时，人们普遍认为他已经过了黄金赛龄，故选项A正确，其中passed the peak of his racing life与原文中的past his prime为同义替换。选项D与原文意思相反，可以排除。
选项B的内容原文没有提及。
选项C的内容属于过度推测，原文只是说人们预计它的排名不会太靠前，并没有说它在粉丝联盟中已经没有吸引力了。
2023-12-03-50.
- What became of Red Rum after his career ended?
A. He suffered from severe pain in a heel.
B. He spent almost all his time traveling.
C. He lived on various charity benefits.
D. He remained famous and popular.
50.红朗姆的职业生涯结束后，它怎么样了?
A. 它的脚后跟剧烈疼痛。
B. 它几乎把所有的时间都花在了旅行上。
C. 它靠各种慈善活动为生。
D. 它仍然很有名，很受欢迎。
根据题干关键词after his career ended可以将答案定位到最后一段最后三句。
最后一段最后三句指出，不久之后，它就退役了，但它的公众生活和名声并没有随着它职业生涯的结束而减少，红朗姆到全国各地参加各种各样的活动，它经常在安特里赛马场的赛前游行中打头阵，而且还是慈 善活动和公共活动的热门嘉宾。由此可知，退役之后，红朗姆还是非常有名，也仍然很受欢迎，故选项D 正确。
选项A错在，原文虽然提到它脚后跟受伤，但并未提及退役后它的脚后跟仍然剧烈疼痛。
选项B错在，原文是说它到全国各地参加活动，但不是说它把所有时间都用在了旅行上。
选项C错在，它是作为慈善活动的嘉宾出席活动的，不是靠着慈善活动为生。
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
People in business often make decisions based on their own personal feelings or instincts. It is quite horrifying to see people being guided by some unknown force. But how wise is it, really, to let your instincts drive your decisions?
In the decision-making process, relying on instincts only makes sense when you have a vast experience to support you. Simply “feeling” that something is right or should be done is highly subjective and can drown you.
On the other hand, there is a more rational approach to making decisions. Data and analysis have long been associated with informed decisions. These reduce the likelihood of errors and increase the chances of success. Big, systematic data is mostly the foundation of most of our decisions, personal and business alike. But with its extreme usability comes a complication: what do you do if you strongly feel something should not be done, even if the data insists that it should?
This seemingly easy question is what drives the need to understand the relationship between instincts and data in the decision-making process. Without making things complicated, the solution to this dilemma is using data and instincts in conjunction to arrive at the best possible decisions.
Instinctive decisions are always backed by previous experiences or information, which acknowledges that instinctive decisions have worked in the past. Decisions are not about making the choice and braving the consequences because you want to blindly trust your instincts. They are about combining your inner wisdom with the knowledge of systematic data to make the best decisions.
Sometimes, rational analysis and data are impractical to be employed in certain situations. Absence of definitive criteria, and time and resource constraints, and novel situations are instances which limit the practicality of data. The only feasible option is to rely on what your instincts tell you. In these situations, instincts can help you make effective and quick decisions.
Combining instinctive and rational analysis produces well-rounded decisions . It reduces the chances of making mistakes, and has increasingly become a favorite approach to decision-making among leaders of today.
2023-12-03-51.—细节题—易—原词复现陷阱，但同义替换简单—base on替换为rely on
- What does the author say businesspeople often do?【原文：People in business often make decisions based on their own personal feelings or instincts. It is quite horrifying to see people being guided by some unknown force. But how wise is it, really, to let your instincts drive your decisions?】
A. Strive to make sense of some unknown forces.
B. Avoid being driven by their own feelings.
C. Draw on a vast wealth of past experience.
D. Rely on instincts in decision-making.
51.作者说商人经常做什么?
A. 努力理解一些未知的力量。
B. 避免被自己的感觉所驱使。
C. 借鉴大量过去的经验。
D. 依靠直觉进行决策。
根据题干关键词businesspeople often do可以将答案定位到第一段。
第一段第一句指出，商界人士经常根据自己的个人感受或直觉做决定。这与选项D 的意思一致，故选D，选项中的rely on与原文中的based on是同义替换。其他三项的内容都与原文不符，均排除。
2023-12-03-52.—细节题—易—原词复现直接同义替换—assoicate关联替换为systematic分析.
- What should we take into account in order to make informed decisions?【原文：On the other hand, there is a more rational approach to making decisions. Data and analysis have long been associated with informed decisions. 】
A. The likelihood of errors.
B. Systematic data and analysis.
C. The complexity of circumstances.
D. Personal feelings and business strategies.
52.为了做出明智的决策，我们应该考虑什么?
A. 犯错的可能性。
B. 系统的数据和分析。
C. 情况的复杂性。
D. 个人感受和经营策略。
根据题干关键词make informed decisions可以将答案定位到第三段。
第二段第 一 、二句指出，长期以来，数据和分析一直都与明智的决策联系在一起，它们减少了出错的可能性，并且增加了成功的机会。由此可知，为了做出明智的决策，我们需要考虑系统的数据和分析，故选 B。
其他三项的内容都与原文不符，均排除。
2023-12-03-53.—难—定位处需同义替换，答案又在下一段
- What should people do in a decision-making process if instincts disagree with data?【原文：what do you do if you strongly feel something should not be done, even if the data insists that it should?
This seemingly easy question is what drives the need to understand the relationship between instincts and data in the decision-making process. Without making things complicated, the solution to this dilemma is using data and instincts in conjunction to arrive at the best possible decisions.】
A. Resolve the dilemma with previous experience.
B. Figure out which of the two is more reliable.
C. Combine the two together.
D. Prioritize instincts over data.
53.如果直觉与数据不一致，人们在决策过程中应该怎么做?
A. 用以前的经验解决困境。
B. 弄清楚两者中哪一个更可靠。
C. 将两者结合在一起。
D. 将直觉置于数据之上。
根据题干关键词instincts disagree with data可以将答案定位到第三段最后一句和第四段。第三段最后一句提出了问题，如果直觉觉得不能做，数据觉得能做，该怎么办?第四段给出了答案。
第四段第二句指出，在不让事情变得复杂的情况下，解决这一两难困境的办法就是结合使用数据和直觉以达成可能做出的最佳决策。由此可知，如果直觉与数据不一致，人们应该将两者结合起来，故选C。其他三项的内容都与原文不符，故排除。
2023-12-03-54.—难—推理判断题—选项D长得跟原文很像的，大概率是陷阱；定位也难，要到上一段去做推理
- What should we do when facing various factors that limit the practicality of data?【原文：They are about combining your inner wisdom with the knowledge of systematic data to make the best decisions.
Sometimes, rational analysis and data are impractical to be employed in certain situations. Absence of definitive criteria, and time and resource constraints, and novel situations are instances which limit the practicality of data. The only feasible option is to rely on what your instincts tell you. In these situations, instincts can help you make effective and quick decisions.】
A. Make a rational and systematic analysis.
B. Explore the most feasible options.
C. Resort to our inner wisdom.
D. Apply definitive criteria.
54.面对各种限制数据实用性的因素，我们应该怎么做?
A. 进行理性、系统的分析。
B. 探索最可行的选择。
C. 诉诸我们的内在智慧。
D. 应用明确的标准。
根据题干关键词limit the practicality of data可以将答案定位到倒数第二段。倒数第二段前两句提到在什么情况下使用数据是不实际的问题，接下来的两句给出了解决方法。
倒数第二段最后两句指出，唯一可行的选择是依靠你的直觉，在这些情况下，直觉可以帮助你做出有效和快速的决定。但是选项中并没有“依靠直觉”这一项，分析各个选项可知，只有选项C 表达的意思与原文一致。根据第五段最后一句可知，内在智慧指的就是直觉。依靠直觉也就是诉诸于我们的内在智慧，因为直觉就是我们靠经验得到的内在智慧。其他三项的内容都与原文不符，均排除。
2023-12-03-55.—利用“出题顺序与原文顺序基本一致”，定位到最后一段，找出同义替换的定位词
- What does it take for decisions to become the best according to the author?【原文：Combining instinctive and rational analysis produces well-rounded decisions . It reduces the chances of making mistakes, and has increasingly become a favorite approach to decision-making among leaders of today.】
A. Applying instincts and data in conjunction.
B. Assessing all factors when making a choice.
C. Recalling what has actually worked in the past.
D. Refraining from trusting instincts arbitrarily.
55.根据作者的说法，怎样才能做出最好的决定?
A. 结合使用直觉和数据。
B. 在做出选择时评估所有因素。
C. 回顾过去行之有效的方法。
D. 不要武断地相信直觉。
根据题干关键词decisions to become the best以及出题顺序与原文顺序基本一致的原则可以将答案定位到最后一段。
最后一段第一句指出，将直觉和理性分析相结合，可以做出全面的决策。“全面的决策”也就是“最好的决定”，由此可知，选项A正确。
其他三项的内容根据事实逻辑来说好像都合理，但是都不是原文所表达的意思，故排除。
Part IV Translation ( 30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
改革开放以来，中国人的饮食 (diet) 发生了显著变化。过去由于经济落后，食品种类有限、数量不足，人们仅仅满足于吃得饱。如今中国经济快速发展，食品不仅更加丰富多样，质量也大幅提高。随着生活水平不断提升，人们对饮食的要求起来越高，更加注重吃得营养健康。因此，目前市场上推出的低脂、低糖、有机食品受到人们的普遍欢迎。
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