2021 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）——解析版

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2021年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第1套)

Part I Writing (30minutes)

Directions:Suppose your school is organizing an orientation program to help the freshmen adapt to the new environment and academic studies.You are now to write a proposal,which may include its aim,duration,participants and activities.You will have 30 minutes to write the proposal.You shouldwrite at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part Ⅱ

Section A Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)

Directions:In this section,you will hear three news reports.At the end of each news report, you will hear two orthree questions.Both the news reportand the questions will bespoken only once.Afier you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (1-1) United Airlines has apologised for mistakenly shipping an American family’s pet dog thousands of miles in the wrong direction to Japan.
  The dog owner’s beloved 10-year-old dog named Buddy took an unexpected 16-hour flight to Tokyo following a mix-up by the airline.
  The dog owner’s family are currently in the process of moving. They were meant to be reunited with the pet in their new home city in Texas.
  But when they arrived at the United Airlines cargo facility in the southern U.S. state, they found a stranger’s dog waiting in Buddy’splace.
  (1-2) Both of the dogs had been sent to the wrong destinations on connecting flights from Denver, with Buddy mistakenly being sent to Japan instead.
  Buddy was given a physical checkup when he arrived at Tokyo’s International Airport. The dog was then sent back to the U.S. on a private charter jet.
  “I’m so glad he’s alive and coming home soon!" said the relieved dog owner.
  (2) “And an error occurred during the connections in Denver. We have notified our customers that their pets arrived safely. We will arrange to return the pets to them as soon as possible," a spokesperson of United Airlines said.

  (1-1)美国联合航空公司为错误地将一户美国家庭的宠物狗运到数千英里外的日本而道歉。
  由于航空公司的错误，狗主人心爱的 10 岁的巴迪乘坐了 16 个小时的飞机，意外地飞到了东京。
  狗主人家目前正在搬家。他们本打算搬到德克萨斯州的新家与这只宠物团聚。
  但当他们到达美国德克萨斯州的联合航空货运中心时，却发现巴迪的位置上是一 只陌生人的狗在等着。
  (1-2)这两只狗都被从丹佛起飞的转接航班运送到了错误的目的地，巴迪被误送到了日本。
  巴迪抵达东京国际机场后进行了身体检查。随后，这只狗被一架私人包机送回了美国。
  “我很高兴它还活着，而且很快就能回家了!” 狗主人松了一口气说。
  (2)“这是一个在丹佛转机过程中发生的错误。我们已经通知客户，其托运的宠物已安全抵达，接下来会尽快安排将宠物回到主人身边，”美国联合航空公司的发言人如是说道。

2021-12-01.—开头第一句—原词复现“dog”“wrong”，但是关键字间隔较远

1. A. It found a pet dog on board a plane to a city in Texas.
   B. It had one of its cargo planes land at a wrong airport.
   C. It sent two dogs to the wrong destinations.
   D. It had two of its domestic flights mixed up.

1. A.它在一架飞往德克萨斯州一座城市的飞机上发现了一只宠物狗。
B.它的一架货机降落在了错误的机场。
C.它把两只狗送到了错误的目的地。
D.它的两个国内航班弄错了。

1.What does the news report say about United Airlines?
C[精析]事实细节题。新闻开头提到，美国联合航空公司为错误地运送美国家庭的宠物狗而道歉。接着，新闻中提到，两只狗都被从丹佛起飞的转接航班运送到了错误的目的地。因此，答案为 C。

2021-12-02.—结尾第一句—原词复现四个“as soon as possible”

2. A. Correct their mistake as soon as possible.
   B. Give the two pets a physical checkup.
   C. Hire a charter jet to bring the pets back.
   D. Send another plane to continue the flight.

2. A.尽快纠正他们的错误。
B.给这两只宠物做个身体检查。
C.租一架包机把宠物接回来。
D.派另一架飞机继续飞行。

2.What did the spokesperson for United Airlines say they would do after the incident?
A[精析]细节推断题。新闻结尾处提到，他们已通知客户，其托运的宠物已安全抵达，接下 来会尽快安排将宠物送回到主人身边。由此推断，他们会尽快纠正这一错误，故答案为 A。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  Officials at Reid Park Zoo in Tucson Arizona are celebrating the birth of a baby elephant. Zoo officials say the baby was born on Monday. It is a female and she weighs nearly 130 kilograms.
  Semba, her mother, is a 30-year-old African elephant. The pregnancy lasted 22 months.
  Officials describe the baby elephant as “healthy, standing and nursing".
  The baby hasn’t been given a name yet.
  (3) Semba has given birth before. Zoo officials said during this pregnancy, she was closely monitored through physical exams and blood tests.
  Dr. Sue Tygielski is the zoo’s director of zoological operations. (4) She said the elephant’s birth went smoothly and that there were no complications.
  The new baby expands the zoo’s elephant herd to six. That includes the baby’s parents, a sister, a brother and an adult female.
  亚利桑那州图森市里德公园动物园的 工作人员们正在庆祝一头小象的出生。动物园工作人员表示，这只小象于周一出生，是一只体重近 130 公斤的母象。
  她的妈妈森巴是一头 30 岁的非洲象。 这次怀孕持续了22 个月。
  工作人员们描述这只小象“健康，能站立，还在哺乳”。
  还没有给小象起名字。
  森巴以前生育过。动物园工作人员说， 在怀孕期间，她的身体检查和血液测试都受到密切监控。
  苏.泰戈尔斯基博士是该动物园的动物运营主管。她说，小象的出生很顺利，并且没有出现任何的并发症。
  这个小象的出生使得动物园的象群数量增加到六头，分别是小象的父母、小象的姐姐、小象的弟弟以及一只成年母象。

2021-12-03.—开头第七句—定位难，不用想了

3. A. She weighs 130 kilograms.
   B. She has had babies before.
   C. She was brought from Africa.
   D. She has a big family of six.

3. A.她体重130公斤。
B.她以前生过孩子。
C.她是从非洲带来的。
D.她有一个六口之家。

3.What do we learn about the mother elephant Semba?
B[精析]事实细节题。新闻中提到，母象桑巴以前生育过，因此答案为 B。

2021-12-04.—结尾第二句—原词复现一个“smooth”，难

4. A. It took 22 hours.
   B. It had some complications.
   C. It was smooth.
   D. It was monitored by Dr.Sue Tygielski.

4. A.花了22个小时。
B.有一些并发症。
C.很顺利。
D.由sue Tygielski博士监测。

4.What does the report say about the birth of the new baby elephant?
C[精析]事实细节题。新闻中提到，苏·泰格尔斯基博士说小象出生的过程顺利，并且没有出现任何的并发症。因此，答案为 C。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  Three years ago, a couple was enjoying a meal at a beach restaurant. (5) The restaurant was built on a wooden structure above the sea- water. During the meal, the man’s wedding ring slipped off his finger. It fell through the wooden floorboards, apparently lost forever.
  (6) Recently, the restaurant manager Ryan Krivoy decided to replace the wooden deck and he found an old gold coin, some $ 100 bills and a silver wedding ring while replacing the deck.
  (7) The restaurant waitress Sasha Formica posted a picture of the ring on Facebook. The post was shared about 5,000 times.
  Three days later, the happy wife called to claim the ring. She even texted pictures of her and her husband eating there in 2017 as proof.
  The restaurant mailed the ring back to the happy couple. Meanwhile, Krivoy discovered that the gold coin was very rare. It was from 1855 and worth as much as $ 2 ,000.
  三年前，一对夫妇在一家海滨餐厅用餐。(5)这家餐馆被建在海平面上的木质结构上。吃饭时，男人的结婚戒指从手指上滑落。 它从木制地板上掉了下来，显然永远丢失了。
  (6)最近，餐厅经理瑞安.特雷沃伊决定更换木制甲板，他在更换甲板时发现了一枚旧金币，一些 100 美元币值的钞票和一个银结婚戒指。
  (7)餐厅女服务员萨沙·福米卡在脸书上发布了一张戒指的照片。该帖子被分享了约 5000 次。
  三天后，妻子开心地打来电话认领戒指。她还发了她和丈夫 2017 年在那里吃饭的照片为证。
  饭店把戒指寄还给了这对幸福的夫妇。 与此同时，特雷沃伊发现金币非常稀有。这枚金币制作于 1855 年，价值高达 2000 美 元。

2021-12-05.—开头第二句—原词复现三个“above”、“the”、“sea-water”

5. A. It enjoyed great popularity.
   B. It started business three years ago.
   C. It was frequented by newly-weds.
   D. It was built above the sea-water.

5. A.它很受欢迎。
B.它三年前开始营业。
C.新婚夫妇经常光顾。
D.它建在海水之上。

5.What do we learn about the restaurant?
D[精析]事实细节题。新闻开头提到，这家餐馆被建在海平面上的木制结构上，因此答案为D。

2021-12-06.—开头第五句—原词复现全部

6. A. Expand his business on the beach.
   B. Replace the restaurant’s wooden deck.
   C. Post a picture of his restaurant online.
   D. Celebrate his silver wedding anniversary.

6. A.扩大他在海滩上的生意。
B.更换餐厅的木制甲板。
C.把他餐厅的照片发到网上。
D.庆祝他的银婚纪念日。

6.What did the restaurant manager decide to do recently?
B[精析]事实细节题。新闻中提到，餐厅经理瑞安 ·特雷沃伊决定更换木制甲板，因此答案为 B。

2021-12-07.—开头第六句—原词复现四个“post”、“picture”、“on”、“Facebook”

7. A. She sold it for two thousand dollars.
   B. She took it to the restaurant manager.
   C. She posted its picture on Facebook.
   D. She returned it to its owner right away.

7. A.她卖了2000美元。
B.她把它拿给餐厅经理。
C.她在Facebook上发布了照片。
D.她马上把它还给了它的主人。

7. What did the waitress do about the recovered ring?
   C[精析]事实细节题。新闻中提到，餐厅的女服务员萨沙·福米卡在脸谱网上发布了戒指的照片，因此答案为 C。

Section B

Directions: In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.Afier you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,C and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

8. A. The number of ducks has declined sharply in recent years.
   B. Climate change has little effect on the lives of wild ducks.
   C. Duck meat is not eaten in Australia,Canada and the U.S.
   D. Duck huntingremains legal in many parts of the world.

9. A. Droughts.
   B. Bushfires.
   C. Farming.
   D. Hunting.

10. A. They are not easy to domesticate.
    B. Their meat is not that popular.
    C. It is not environmentally friendly.
    D. It is not considered cost-effective.

11. A. They hunted ducks as a traditional sport.
    B. They killed wildducks and geese for food.
    C. They raised ducks and geese for their eggs.
    D. They poisoned wild ducks in large numbers.

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

12. A. Have her house repainted.
    B. Replace some of her old furniture.
    C. Move into a newly-painted house.
    D. Calculate the cost of the paint job.

13. A. How long the work will take.
    B. How much the work will cost.
    C. How the paint job isto be done.
    D. How many workers are needed.

14. A. Cover up her furniture.
    B. Ask some friends for help.
    C. Stay somewhere else.
    D. Oversee the work herself.

15. A. She could have asked a friend for help with the paint job.
    B. Painting a house involves more trouble than she thought.
    C. She should have repainted her house much earlier.
    D. Moving her furniture is harder than the paint job.

Section C

Directions:In this section,you will hear three passages Atthe end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A,B,Cand D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

16. A. To cultivate good habits.
    B. To prepare for secondary school.
    C. To review what is learned in class.
    D. To stimulate interest in learning.

17. A. Discusstheiracademic achievements with them.
    B. Create an ideal study environment for them.
    C. Allow them to learn independently.
    D. Checktheir homework promptly.

18. A. Finish them before they get tired.
    B. Tackle the most difficult task first.
    C. Start with something they enjoy.
    D. Focus on the most important ones.

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

19. A. Workers who meet its body weight standards.
    B. Workers who can lose 30 pounds in a year.
    C. Workers who try the hardest to lose weight.
    D. Workers who are in the top 10%of the slimmest.

20. A. Impractical.
    B. Inconsistent.
    C. Unmanageable.
    D. Unfair.

21. A. Offer them much fatter bonuses.
    B. Improve working environment.
    C. Encourage healthy behaviors.
    D. Provide free lunch and snacks.

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

22. A. It has not done enough to help left-handed children.
    B. It has treated left-handed children as being disabled.
    C. It has not built facilities specially for the left-handed.
    D. It has ignored campaigns on behalf of the left-handed.

23. A. They are as intelligent as otherchildren.
    B. They have a distinctive style of handwriting.
    C. They sometimes have psychological problems.
    D. They tend to have more difficulties in learning.

24. A. Punish teachers discriminating against left-handed students.
    B. Lay more emphasis on improving children’s mental health.
    C. Encourage students to develop various professional skills.
    D. Keep track of left-handed children’s school performance.

25. A. How they can be reduced in number.
    B. Why their numbers are so high.
    C. What percentage they account for.
    D. If their percentage keeps increasing.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

Section A

Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices,Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter:Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

  Many people believe that passion and commitment are the foundations of strong romantic relationships.But a relationship is made of two 26 individuals.And the personality traits(特性)these individuals 27 or lack can often make a relationship more-or less-likely to 28 .Recent research has found that one trait in particular— humility(谦逊)—is an important indicator of successful relationships.
  Humility can sometimes be 29 with a lack of confidence.But researchers have come to realize that being humble generally indicates the 30 of deeply admirable personal qualities.Being humble means you have the ability to accurately 31 your deficiencies without denying your skills and strengths.For example,you might recognize that you are intelligent,but realize that you are not a 32 .Thus,humility leads to an honest view of one’s own advantages and shortcomings.Humble people do not ignore, avoid,or try to deny their limits or deficiencies.They can 33 mistakes,see value in things that are farfrom perfect and identify areas for improvement.
  Perhaps it is not 34 ,then,that humility appears to be a huge asset to relationships. One study found that people tend to rate this quality 35 in their spouse.The study also found that someone who is humble is more likely to initiate a romantic relationship, perhaps because they are less likely to see themselves as "too good"for someone else.Thus, a humble partner might be your ideal partner.

A. acknowledge
B. assess
C. confused
D. endure
E. extremely
F. genius
G. highly
H. permanent
D. possess
J. presence
K. puzzled
L. status
M. surprising
N. thoroughly
O. unique

Section B

Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

There's a stress gap between men and women

A. "I used to work very hard.I love to create things,grow them and solve problems,"said Meng Li,a successful app developer in San Francisco.“I didn’t really care about my mind and my body until they decided to go on strike.”

B. Ms.Li said her stress led to sleeplessness.When she did sleep,she experienced “problem-solving dreams,"which left her feeling unrested when she woke up.“After I became a first-time mother,I quickly realized I was so busy caring for other people and work that I felt like I’d lost myself,"she said.

C. It’s a common story-one we frequently ridicule and readily dismiss,for example, by claiming that women tend to complain more than men,despite the growing sum of research that underlines the problem.Women are twice as likely to suffer from severe stress and anxiety as men,according to a 2016 study published in The Journal of Brain &Behavior.The American Psychological Association reports a gender gap year after year showing that women consistently report higher stress levels.Clearly, a stress gap exists.

D. "The difference is not really news to me,as a clinical psychologist,"said Erin Joyce, a women and couples therapist in Los Angeles."It’s been well documented in extensive research overthe years that prevalence rates for the majority of the anxiety disorders are higher in women than men."Some people may argue that this is merely reported data, and they say many men feel the same pressures as women in terms of fulfilling responsibilities at work and home.In other words,we’re all really,really stressed.

E. “The difference,however,is in the nature and scope of these responsibilities in the home environment in particular,"Dr.Joyce said.For example,the United Nations reported that women do nearly three times as much unpaid domestic work as men.The problem is,housework is often overlooked as work,even though it is often as laborious (or in some cases,more so)as any paid job.As the scholar Silvia Federici put it in 1975, the unpaid nature of domestic work reinforces the assumption that “housework is not work,thus preventing women from struggling against it.”

F. It’s not just inside the home,though.Research from Nova Southeastern University found that female managers were more likely than male managers to display"surface acting,"or forcing emotions that are not wholly felt.“They expressed optimism, calmness and sympathy even when these were not the emotions that they were actually feeling,"the study said.

G. Surface acting is a prime example of "emotional labor,"a concept that the writer Jess Zimmerman made familiar in a 2015 essay.The essay sparked a massive thread on the internet community blog MetaFilter.Hundreds of women spoke up about their own experience with emotional labor:the duties that are expected of them,but go unnoticed. These invisible duties become apparent only when you don’t do them.Like domestic labor,emotional labor is generally dismissed and not labeled work.But research shows it can be just as exhausting as paid work.Emotional labor can lead to difficulty in sleeping and family conflict.Sure,circumstantial stress,like losing a job,may lead to these same issues.But emotional labor is not circumstantial.It’s an enduring responsibility based on the socialized gender role of women.

H. Like Ms.Li,many women try to manage the added stress to reach what Dr.Joyce said was an unattainable ideal.“Some professional women aim to do it all.They want to reach the top of the corporate ladder and fly like supermom,"she said.When women don’t reach this ideal,they feel guilty;and even more stressed.After her own struggle with this,Ms.Li took a step back and used her experience to build Sanity &Self,a self-care app and platform for overworked women."The realizations I had in that process helped me gain insights and ultimately got me ready to integrate self-care into my daily life,"she said.

I. The stress problem extends beyond mental health when you consider the link between stress,anxiety and heart health.Worse,most of what we know about heart disease comes from studies involving men.However,"there are many reasons to think that it’s different in women,"Harvard Medical School reported.For example,women are more likely to experience disturbed sleep,anxiety and unusual fatigue before a heart attack.Stress is so normalized that it is easy for women to shrug off those symptoms as simply the consequences of stress.Many women also do not experience chest pain before a heart attack the way men do,which leads to fewer women discovering problematic heart issues.Harvard reports that women are "much more likely than men to die within a year of having a heart attack"and “many women say their physicians sometimes don’t even recognize the symptoms.”

J. The good news is,women are more likely than men to take charge of their stress and manage it,the American Psychological Association reports.The concept of self-care, at its core,is quite simple."The basics of adequate sleep,healthy diet and exercise are a good place to start,“Dr.Joyce said.“Support from trusted relationships is vital. This includes professional support from various health and wellness providers if stress is becoming increasingly overwhelming.”

K. Disconnecting from work and home responsibilities is also obviously important. But it’s much easier said than done.It is important to understand what causes your stress in the first place."Get really specific with what’s stressing you out,"Ms.Li said. “We often chalk up our stress to broad experiences like work.But work stress can take many different forms.Is a colleague being disrespectful of your time?Is a boss undermining your day-to-day control over decision making?These are different causes of stress and can benefit from different kinds of self-care.”

L. Ideally,your spouse or partner will be supportive,rather than dismissive,of your stress. It is important to talk through these issues before they come to a head."Women working outside of the home should make an effort to have a conscious conversation with their partners about more equitable sharing of household and family responsibilities,"Dr.Joyce said.

36. Some career women who aim high tend to feel guilty if they fail to achieve their goals.
37. The unpaid housework done by women is triple that done by men.
38. It is reported that women consistently suffer more from severe stress than men.
39. Women are advised to identify the specific causes of their stress so that steps can be taken to deal with it.
40. One study showed that women managers often expressed positive emotions that they didn’t really feel.
41. Women tend to mistake signs of heart attacks for symptoms of stress.
42. For a time an app developer in America was so busy attending to work and family that she suffered from sleeplessness.
43. The emotional labor women do is noticed only when it is not done.
44. Dr.Joyce suggests that apart from self-care,women should seek professional support if they experience severe stress.
45. Some people believe that there may not exist a stress gap between men and women.

Section C

Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  As many office workers adapt to remote work,cities may undergo fundamental change if offices remain under-utilized.Who will benefit if working from home becomes the norm?
  Employers argue they make considerable savings on real estate when workers shift from office to home work.However,these savings result from passing costs on to workers.
  Unless employees are fully compensated,this could become a variant of parasitic (寄生的) capitalism,whereby corporate profits increasingly rely on extracting value from the public—and now personal—realm,rather than on generating new value.
  Though employers are backed by a chorus of remote work advocates,others note the loneliness,reduced productivity and inefficiencies of extended remote work.
  If working from home becomes permanent,employees will have to dedicate part of their private space to work.This requires purchasing desks,chairs and office equipment.
  It also means having private space dedicated to work:the space must be heated, cleaned,maintained and paid for.That depends on many things,but for purposes of illustration,I have run some estimates for Montreal.The exercise is simple but important,since it brings these costs out of the realm of speculation into the realm of meaningful discussion.
  Rough calculations show that the savings made by employers when their staff works from home are of similar value to the compensation workers should receive for setting up offices at home.
  What does this mean for offices in cities?One of two things may happen:Employers pass these costs onto employees.This would be a form of expropriation( 侵占) , with employees absorbing production costs that have traditionally been paid by the employer.This represents a considerable transfer of value from employees to employers.
  When employees are properly compensated,employers’real estate savings will be modest.If savings are modest,then the many advantages of working in offices—such as lively atmosphere,rapidity of communication,team-building and acclimatization (适应环境) of new employees—will encourage employers to shelve the idea of remote work and,like Yahoo in 2013,encourage employees to work most of the time from corporate office space.

[文章来源]
本文选自 2020 年 6 月 18 日刊登在 theconversation.com(对话网站)上的一篇标题 为“Remote Work: Employers Are Taking Over Our Living Spaces And Passing On Costs”（《远程 工作：雇主正在接管我们的生活空间并转嫁成本》）的文章。

[结构框图]

2021-12-01-46.—细节辨认题—难—同义替换—“savings result from passing costs on to workers节省的结果是将成本转嫁给工人”替换为“employers at the expense of employees雇主以牺牲雇员为代价”

46. What does the author say about working from home?【原文：Employers argue they make considerable savings on real estate when workers shift from office to home work.However,these savings result from passing costs on to workers.】
    A. It will become the norm sooner or later.
    B. It requires employees to adapt promptly.
    C. It benefits employers at the expense of employees.
    D. It will force cities to transform their infrastructure.

46. 关于在家工作，作者说了些什么？
A.这迟早会成为常态。
B.它要求员工迅速适应。
C.以牺牲雇员为代价使雇主受益。
D.这将迫使城市改造他们的基础设施。

46 【定位】 由题干中的the author和working from home定位到第一、二段。

C 【精析】 细节辨认题。第二段指出，雇主们认为，当工作人员从办公室转到家中工作时，他们在房地产方面节省了大量资金。然而，这些节省下来的资金来自于将成本转嫁到工人身上。由此可见，远程工作这一模式虽然使雇主从中受益，但是却以牺牲雇员的利益为代价，故答案为 C。

【避错】 首段最后一句提到，如果这一工作模式常态化，谁将受益？由此可见，该模式现在只是兴起，并没有成为常态，故排除 A；首段第一句提到，很多工作人员适应了远程工作的模式，但是并没有要求所有员工迅速适应该模式，故排除 B；

首段第一句提到，如果城市办公室不能充分利用的话，城市将经历根本性的改变，但这并不是作者对于远程工作的观点，故排除 D。

2021-12-01-47.—推理判断题—难—定位难，没有关键字，需要同义替换“oppose反对”替换为“Though employers are backed by a chorus of remote work advocates尽管雇主得到了远程工作倡导者的异口同声的支持”—答案同义替换简单“reduced productivity”替换为“negatively impacts productivity”

47. Why do some people oppose working from home?【原文：Unless employees are fully compensated,this could become a variant of parasitic (寄生的) capitalism,whereby corporate profits increasingly rely on extracting value from the public—and now personal—realm,rather than on generating new value.
      Though employers are backed by a chorus of remote work advocates,others note the loneliness,reduced productivity and inefficiencies of extended remote work.
      If working from home becomes permanent,employees will have to dedicate part of their private space to work.This requires purchasing desks,chairs and office equipment.】
    A. It discourages team spirit.
    B. It invades employees’privacy.
    C. It undermines traditional values.
    D. It negatively impacts productivity.

49. 为什么有些人反对在家工作？
A.这会打击团队精神。
B.侵犯了员工的隐私。
C.它破坏了传统价值观。
D.它对生产力有负面影响。

47.【定位】由题干中的some people oppose working from home 定位到第四段。

D 【精析】 推理判断题。定位段提到，尽管雇主得到了远程工作倡导者的异口同声的支持， 但其他人注意到长期的远程工作所带来的孤独感、生产率降低和效率低下。由此可知， 远程工作模式并不是受到大家的一致肯定，也有人持反对意见，而这些反对意见就包括：孤独感、生产率降低和效率低下，所以人们反对的原因是认为它会对生产力产生负面影响，故答案为 D。

【避错】 文中并未提及 A“它挫伤了团队士气” 、B“它侵犯了员工的隐私”和 C“它破坏了传统的价值观” ，故排除。

2021-12-01-48.—细节辨认题—难—易选错关键字“illustration”，但是实际原文“but for purposes of illustration但是为了说明”只是句没啥意义的句子

48. Why did the author run the estimates for Montreal?【原文：That depends on many things,but for purposes of illustration,I have run some estimates for Montreal.The exercise is simple but important,since it brings these costs out of the realm of speculation into the realm of meaningful discussion.】
    A. To provide convincing data for serious discussion.
    B. To illustrate the ongoing change in working patterns.
    C. To show the impact of remote working on productivity.
    D. To exemplify how remote working affects the economy.

48. 为什么作者要对蒙特利尔进行评估？
A.为严肃的讨论提供令人信服的数据。
B.说明工作模式正在发生的变化。
C.显示远程工作对生产力的影响。
D.举例说明远程工作如何影响经济。

48.【定位】由题干中的the author run the estimates for Montreal 定位到第六段最后一句。

A 【精析】 细节辨认题。定位句指出，这项工作很简单但很重要，因为它将这些成本从推测领域带到了有意义的讨论领域。由此可见，作者之所以对蒙特利尔进行估算，是为有意义的讨论提供真实的数据，故答案为 A。

【避错】 文章第六段第一句提到，远程工作意味着要有专门用于工作的私人空间：空间需要供暖、清扫、维护和支付费用，由此可见，这里只是提到工作模式的转变，对于是否持续改变，尚无定论，B的表述错误，故排除；

第四段提到远程工作模式对生产力的影响，但这并不是作者对蒙特利尔进行估算的原因，故排除 C；

文中未提及 D“为了 举例说明远程工作对经济的影响” ，故排除。

2021-12-01-49.—细节辨认题—难—需要理解才能选对

49. What can we conclude from the author’s calculations?【原文：Rough calculations show that the savings made by employers when their staff works from home are of similar value to the compensation workers should receive for setting up offices at home.粗略计算表明，雇主让员工在家工作所节省的费用，与员工在家里设立办公室所应得到的补偿价值相当。】
    A. There is no point in transferring office work to working from home.
    B. Employees can benefit as much from remote working as their employers.
    C. Employers gain from remote working should go to employees as compensation.
    D. Effective measures should be taken to motivate employees to set up offices at home.

49. 从作者的计算中我们可以得出什么结论？
A.把办公室工作转移到在家工作是没有意义的。
B.雇员和雇主一样可以从远程工作中获益。
C.雇主从远程工作中获得的收益应作为补偿归雇员所有。
D.应该采取有效的措施来激励员工在家里设立办公室。

49.【定位】由题干中的the author’s calculations定位到第七段。

C 【精析】 细节辨认题。定位段提到，粗略计算表明，当员工在家工作时，雇主所节省的费 用与员工在家设立办公室所应获得的补偿金额相当。由此可知，雇主所节省下来的费用应该给予雇员，补偿他们设立办公室的费用，故答案为 C。

【避错】 定位段提到，当员工在家工作时，雇主所节省的费用与员工在家设立办公室所应获得的补偿金额相当。由此可见，并非远程工作模式没有意义，而是创造的价值是一样的，只不过受益人发生了变化，故排除 A；即使员工收到补偿，也是对自己创造的 价值的回报，不能说他们获取了和其雇主一样多的收益，故排除 B；文中未提及 D“采取有效措施激励员工在家设立办公室”，故排除。

2021-12-01-50.—细节辨认题—难—需要读懂最后一段推出观点

50. What is the author’s opinion on working from home?【原文：will encourage employers to shelve the idea of remote work and,like Yahoo in 2013,encourage employees to work most of the time from corporate office space.】
    A. It should be avoided if possible.
    B. It is only a temporary measure.
    C. It can reduce companies’real estate costs.
    D. It may affect employees’corporate loyalty.

50. 作者对在家工作有什么看法？
A.如果可能的话应该避免。
B.这只是一个临时措施。
C.它可以降低公司的房地产成本。
D.可能影响员工对公司的忠诚度。

50.【定位】由题干中的author’s opinion on working from home定位到最后一段。

A 【精析】 细节辨认题。定位段指出，如果雇员得到适当的补偿，雇主的房地产节省的资金就少了，那么在办公室工作的许多优势，例如活跃的气氛、快速的沟通团队建设和新员工对环境的适应，都将鼓励雇主搁置远程工作的想法，就像 2013 年的雅虎一样，鼓励员工大部分时间在公司办公。由此可见，一旦雇主需要对远程工作的员工进行补偿， 那么对于雇主而言，远程工作的弊端就大于利益，那么远程工作对于雇主和雇员双方都没有太大的好处。因此，作者支持在办公室工作，故答案为 A。

【避错】 B项文中没有提及，故排除；文中确实提及，远程工作模式可以节省雇主的房地产成本，但是如果给员工补偿的话，这种节约成本就与补偿相互抵消了，故排除 C；

最后一段最后一句提到，远程工作模式缺少活跃的气氛快速的沟通、团队建设和新员工对环境的适应等优点，但是没有提及影响员工对企业的忠诚度这一话题，故排除 D。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behind our successful development as a species.But curiosity can also be dangerous,leading to setbacks or even downfalls.Given curiosity’s complexity,scientists have found it hard to define.
  While pinning down a definition has proven tricky,the general consensus is it’s some meansof information gathering.Psychologists also agree curiosity is intrinsically(内在地) motivated.
  Curiosity covers such a large set of behaviors that there probably isn’t any single “curiosity gene” that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment.That said, curiosity does have a genetic component.Genes and the environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior,including their curiosity.
  Regardless of their genetic makeup,infants have to learn an incredible amount of information in a short time,and curiosity is one of the tools humans have found to accomplish that gigantic task.
  Hundreds of studies show that infants prefer novelty.It’s what motivates non-human animals,human infants and probably human adults to explore and seek out new things before growing less interested in them aftercontinued exposure.
  But curiosity often comes with a cost.
  In some situations,the stakes are low and failure is a healthy part of growth.For instance,many babies are perfectly proficient crawlers,but they decide to try walking because there’s more to see and do when they stand upright.But this milestone comes at a small cost.A study of 12-to 19-month-olds learning how to walk documented that these children fell down a lot.Seventeen times per hour,to be exact.But walking is faster than crawling,so this motivates expert crawlers to transition to walking.
  Sometimes,however,testing out a new idea can lead to disaster.For instance,the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates,but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.

2021-12-01-51.—细节辨认题—难—强干扰项A，对一半，错一半—同义替换，“driving force behind our successful development as a species”替换为“is the force that pushes human society forward”

51. What does the author say about curiosity?【原文：The human thirst for knowledge is the driving force behind our successful development as a species.But curiosity can also be dangerous,leading to setbacks or even downfalls.Given curiosity’s complexity,scientists have found it hard to define.】
    A. It is too complex for non-scientists to understand.
    B. It is the force that pushes human society forward.
    C. It is a unique trait specific to the human race.
    D. It is often the major cause for human failures.

51. 关于好奇心，作者说了什么？
A.它太复杂了，非科学家无法理解。
B.它是推动人类社会前进的力量。
C.这是人类特有的特征。
D.它经常是人类失败的主要原因。

51.【定位】由题干中的the author和curiosity定位到首段第一句。

B【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，人类对知识的渴望是我们作为一个物种成功发展背后的驱动力。由此可见，作为一个物种，我们之所以不断向前发展，是因为有好奇心这一驱动力，故答案为 B。

【避错】首段第三句提到，考虑到好奇心的复杂性，科学家们发现很难定义它。由此可见，科学家只是觉得好奇心难以定义，而非无法理解，故排除A；
文章首段第一句指出，人类对知识的渴望是我们作为一个物种成功发展背后的驱动力，但是这并不是人类的一种特性，故排除 C；
首段第二句提到，好奇心也可能是危险的，会导致挫折甚至失败。但这并不能一概而论，说好奇心是人类失败的主要原因，故排除D。

2021-12-01-52.—细节辨认题—定位同义替换“general understanding”替换为“general consensus”—选项同义替换“information gathering”替换为“seek information”

52. What is the general understanding of curiosity?【原文：While pinning down a definition has proven tricky,the general consensus is it’s some means of information gathering.Psychologists also agree curiosity is intrinsically(内在地) motivated.】
    A. It motivates people to seek information.
    B. It is destined to transform human genes.
    C. It does people more good than harm.
    D. It underlies all human behaviors.

52. 对好奇心的一般理解是什么？
A.它激励人们去寻找信息。
B.它注定要改变人类基因。
C.它对人的好处大于坏处。
D.它是所有人类行为的基础。

52.【定位】由题干中的the general understanding of curiosity定位到第二段第一句。

【精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，虽然事实证明给好奇心下定义很难，但大家普遍认为A好奇心是一种收集信息的手段。由此可知，好奇心可以激励人类去寻找信息，故答案为 A。

【避错】文章第三段提到，好奇心涵盖了如此多的行为，以至于很可能没有任何一种单一的“好奇心基因”能让人类对自己的环境感到好奇和探索。这就是说，好奇心确实有基因成分，但并未提及好奇心能改变人类基因，B 的表述错误，故排除；
文章第一段提到，好奇心虽然是人类成功发展背后的驱动力，但也可能是危险的，所以说好奇心对人类有利有弊，但并没有提及是否利大于弊，故排除C；
D“它是所有人类行为的基础”在文中未提及，故排除。

2021-12-01-53.—细节辨认题—没想到“environment”是关键词

53. What do we learn about how genes shape people’s behavior?【原文：Curiosity covers such a large set of behaviors that there probably isn’t any single “curiosity gene” that makes humans wonder about and explore their environment.That said, curiosity does have a genetic component.Genes and the environment interact in many complex ways to shape individuals and guide their behavior,including their curiosity.】
    A. They determine people’s way of thinking.
    B. They account for age differences in learning.
    C. They enable people to undertake massive tasks.
    D. They work in conjunction with the environment.

53. 关于基因如何塑造人的行为，我们了解到了什么？
A.它们决定了人们的思维方式。
B.他们解释了学习上的年龄差异。
C.它们使人们能够承担大量的任务。
D.他们与环境一起工作。

【定位】由题干中的we learn about howgenes shape people’sbehavior定位到第三段第三句。

【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，基因和环境以许多复杂的方式相互作用，塑造个体并指导他们的行为，包括他们的好奇心。由此可见，基因之所以可以影响人类的行为，是与环境相互作用的结果，故答案为 D。

【避错】 A和 B在文中均未提及，故排除；
第四段提到婴儿必须在短时间内学习大量的信息，而好奇心是人类完成这一巨大任务的工具之一。也就是说,是好奇心而不是基因使人们能够承担艰巨的任务，故排除C。

2021-12-01-54.—细节辨认题—易—关键词就在定位句后面，不要找太后面去

54. What do numerous studies show about infants? 【原文：Hundreds of studies show that infants prefer novelty.It’s what motivates non-human animals,human infants and probably human adults to explore and seek out new things before growing less interested in them aftercontinued exposure.
      But curiosity often comes with a cost.】
    A. They are far more curious than adults.
    B. They prefer to go after all that is novel.
    C. They have different interests than adults.
    D. They show non-human animal behaviors.

54. 关于婴儿的大量研究表明了什么？
A.他们比成年人更好奇。
B.他们喜欢追求新奇的事物。
C.他们的兴趣与成年人不同。
D.它们表现出非人类的动物行为。

54.【定位】由题干中的numerous studies show about infants定位到第五段第一句。
B
【精析】细节辨认题。第五段第一句提到，数百项研究表明，婴儿更喜欢新奇的事物。这是促使非人类动物、人类婴儿，甚至可能是人类成年人探索和寻找新事物的动力，而在持续接触之后，他们对新事物的兴趣会减弱。由此可见，婴儿比成年人更喜欢追求新奇的东西，故答案为 B。

【避错】文章第五段第一句提到，婴儿更喜欢新奇事物，但是文中并没有提及婴儿比成年人更具好奇心，故排除 A；第五段第二句提到，这是促使非人类动物、人类婴儿,甚至可能是人类成年人探索和寻找新事物的动力，而在持续接触之后，他们对新事物的兴趣会减弱，由此可见，在好奇心方面，婴儿、非人类动物以及成年人可能是一样的，故排除 C；
D 文章并未提及，故排除。

2021-12-01-55.—推理判断题—难—“testing out a new idea can lead to disaster”推出“The cost of humans’curiosity to explore”，没啥关键词

55. What does the example of the Inuit people of the Arctic regions illustrate?【原文：testing out a new idea can lead to disaster.For instance,the Inuit people of the Arctic regions have created incredible modes to deal with the challenges of living in northern climates,but what we forget about are the tens of thousands of people that tried and failed to make it in those challenging landscapes.】
    A. The cost of humans’curiosity to explore.
    B. The incredible harshness of cold weather.
    C. The innovative ideas stemming from curiosity.
    D. The importance of learning from past failures.

55. 北极地区因纽特人的例子说明了什么？
A.人类好奇心的代价。
B.难以置信的寒冷天气。
C.源于好奇心的创新想法。
D.从过去的失败中学习的重要性。

55.【定位】由题干中的the Inuit people ofthe Arctic regions定位到最后一段。
A

【精析】推理判断题。最后一段第二句中的 For instance 说明该句是例证，主要说明第句的观点。第一句指出，有时候测试一个新想法可能会导致灾难。由此可见，驱使人类不断进行探索的好奇心也会给人类带来负面的影响，故案为 A。

【避错】最后一段第二句指出，北极地区的因纽特人创造了令人难以置信的模式来应对生活在北方的气候的挑战，但我们忘记的是成千上万的人曾试图在这具有挑战性的环境中生存而未能成功。由此可见，寒冷天气确实十分严酷，但是这并不是提及该例子的原因，故排除 B；
文中未提及 C 和 D，故排除。

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
  大运河(Grand Canal)是世界上最长的人工河，北起北京，南至杭州。它是中国历史上最宏伟的工程之一。大运河始建于公元前4世纪，公元13世纪末建成。修建之初是为了运输粮食，后来也用于运输其他商品。大运河沿线区域逐渐发展成为中国的工商业中心。长久以来，大运河对中国的经济发展发挥了重要作用，有力地促进了南北地区之间的人员往来和文化交流。