orb slam [RGBD-1] process has died解决

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-04 22:56:21 发布
原创 最新推荐文章于 2024-08-04 22:56:21 发布 · 976 阅读 · 0 ·
CC 4.0 BY-SA版权
版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，遵循 CC 4.0 BY-SA 版权协议，转载请附上原文出处链接和本声明。
文章标签：

#算法

本文讲述了在运行Orb-SLAM3时遇到的编译错误，解决过程涉及第三方库DBoW2和g2o的重新编译，特别是当项目文件夹名改变时，务必更新库的构建文件夹。

运行orb slam3时出现如下报错

[RGBD-1] process has died [pid 36546, exit code -4, cmd /orb_slam3/RGBD /ORB_SLAM3/Examples/ROS/ORB_SLAM3/../../../Vocabulary/ORBvoc.txt XX.yaml __name:=RGBD __log:=/.ros/log/2dc5-11ed-b022-6c02e04b2bf3/RGBD-1.log].
log file: /log/2dc5-11ed-b022-6c02e04b2bf3/RGBD-1*.log

重新编译orb slam3发现问题，就是第三方库
（仔细看编译过程中报的错，可能报错了但编译仍在继续，然后错会被忽略掉）
Thirdparty文件夹下，
DBoW2和g2o之前都编译过，build文件夹也在

之后改了orb slam3的文件夹名，之前叫ORB_SLAM3-beta-4.0什么的，后来改成了ORB_SLAM3
而那俩Thirdpary没有重新编译，导致链接仍然在之前的文件夹下，
第三方库删掉build文件夹，重新编译即可

rgbdslamv2可视化出错解决方案
Mantana的博客
02-26 855
======REQUIRED process [rgbdslam-1] has died! process has died [pid 5855, exit code -11, cmd /home/doxub/rgbdslam_catkin_ws/devel/lib/rgbdslam/rgbdslam __name:=rgbdslam __log:=/home/doxub/.ros/log/61c2e24e-3806-11e8-8d8c-101f744a42d4/rgbdslam-1.log]. =====
ROS入门：ORB_Slam2踩坑，RGBD无法获取数据
Mr Qin的博客
07-06 3043
ROS入门：ORB_Slam2踩坑，RGBD无法获取数据问题描述：思考：解决方法：ORB_Slam2+ROS+RGBD完整运行过程 问题描述： 学习ORB_SLAM2时，想测试一下ROS+RGBD的代码 修改源程序的所订阅话题的名称后，编译ros工作空间，运行时程序捕获不到图像信息 思考： 查看一下话题列表试一试： /camera/rgb/image_color和/camera/depth/image是我的数据集发布的话题消息 /camera/rgb/image_rawh和camera/depth_reg
解决ROS中运行gazebo出现process has died的情况
热门推荐
jjjqqq123321的博客
07-20 2万+
ubuntu系统下解决ROS中运行gazebo出现process has died的情况; 运行roslaunch gazebo_ros empty_world.launch指令，出现process has died的报错
SLAM遇到的问题及技巧
a850565178的博客
04-27 2640
文章目录rosbag太大了，打不开 rosbag太大了，打不开 以LZ4格式压缩 rosbag compress --lz4 slam_2019-12-14-23-24-43_filter.bag 我不太清楚这种压缩的形式会不会对数据有影响，有多大的影响，也不知道要怎样的配置才可以能直接打开rosbag，反正至少这样做了能够在一秒左右就直接打开，而原来我两分钟还没有打开。 那个rosbag实际大...
在Ubuntu上安装ORBSLAM3与运行RGBD-TUM数据集
Welf688的博客
04-08 1万+
在Ubuntu上安装ORBSLAM3与运行RGBD-TUM数据集
【26】报错[ERROR] [rgb_node-1]: process has died
oakchina的博客
10-08 1260
[INFO] [launch]: Default logging verbosity is set to INFO [INFO] [rgb_node-l]: process started with ptd [15061] [rgb_node-1] /home/ahpc/ros2_ws/install/depthat_exampl.es/lib/depthat_examples/rgb_node: synbol lookup error: / home/ahpc/ros2jkfs/install/dept
启动ORB-SLAM2时可能遇到的问题
努力coding
03-17 470
ORB-SLAM2问题解决
ORB-SLAM3编译与运行问题汇总
slender_1031的博客
02-27 6427
本文总结了调试ORB-SLAM3过程中遇到的各种问题，并利用现有数据集进行了测试。
ubuntu16 配置 RGBD-SLAM V2
sunshinefcx的博客
05-05 622
一、安装RGBD-SLAM V2 1、创建ros工作空间 mkdir -p ~/rgbdslam_catkin_ws/src cd ~/rgbdslam_catkin_ws/src catkin_init_workspace cd ~/rgbdslam_catkin_ws/ catkin_make source devel/setup.bash 二、测试 ...
[orb_slam3-3] process has died [pid 42354, exit code 255, cmd /home/wu1/SLAM/ORB_SLAM3_ROS/Examples/ROS/ros_rgbd_mapping /home/wu1/SLAM/ORB_SLAM3_ROS/Examples/RGB-D/TUM2.yaml /home/wu1/SLAM/ORB_SLAM3_ROS/Vocabulary/ORBvoc.txt /home/wu1/SLAM/dataset/rgbd_d
最新发布
07-29
在运行 ORB-SLAM3 的 ROS 节点时，若出现 `[RGBD-1] process has died` 并且退出码为 `exit code 255`，这通常表明 ROS 节点在启动过程中发生了严重错误，导致进程异常终止。退出码 255 通常表示操作系统强制终止了...
Ubuntu18.04下使用D435i跑ROS包和ORB-SLAM2
GRF-Sunomikp31
04-30 4966
Ubuntu18.04下使用D435i跑ROS包和ORB-SLAM2相关问题前言主要问题及解决方法汇总一、realsense包版本问题二、无法定位安装包问题三、警告问题四、如何检测是否发布五、利用D435i跑ORB-SLAM2一点注意后言 前言 简述： 最近想用D435i跑ORB-SLAM2（或者3），但是跑的前提就是，D435i的ROS包发布相关的话题出来，然后ORB-SLAM2这边的节点接受；但是我在使用D435i的ROS包（准确的说应该是realsense-ros）中产生了很多问题，中间花了很多时间，
[orb_slam3-3] process has died [pid 11015, exit code -11, cmd /home/sjy/ORB_SLAM3_ROS-main/Examples/ROS/ros_rgbd_mapping /home/sjy/ORB_SLAM3_ROS-main/Examples/RGB-D/TUM3.yaml /home/sjy/ORB_SLAM3_ROS-main/Vocabulary/ORBvoc.txt /media/sjy/T7/DATA/D455-0307/
03-19
gdb --args ./ORB_SLAM3_Vocabulary/Examples/Monocular/mono_tum Vocabulary/ORBvoc.txt Examples/TUM3.yaml ``` 启动后执行 `run` 命令让程序运行直到发生崩溃。一旦出现段错误，使用 `bt` 查看完整的调用堆栈信息...
ROS节点 报错process has died [pid 3322522, exit code -11
qq_35547879的博客
01-17 2906
ros 报错
Ubuntu ORBSLAM3安装及其配置，运行RGBD数据集，有对一些坑的解决方法
2203_75994053的博客
08-04 3527
对于一些安装过程中的坑都有一些小心得想分享给大家 #Pangolin #OpenCV #Eigen3 #ORB-SLAM3 #RGBD_TUM
Ubuntu20.04 编译XTDrone的ORB-SLAM3全过程及解决报错++++VINS编译及报错解决
cherish1211的博客
04-20 3606
Ubuntu20.04 编译XTDrone的ORB-SLAM3 解决报错CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/build.make: Tracking.cc.o] 错误 1
[usb_cam-2] process has died 的一种解决方法
weixin_69667614的博客
06-13 2545
本文使用配置：VMware虚拟机 + Ubuntu 20.04
prometheus 无人机平台 gazeboORBSLAM3调试实现rgbd模式
Sherry__C的博客
05-31 907
提示：文章写完后，目录可以自动生成，如何生成可参考右边的帮助文档 目录 前言 一、镜像系统安装 二、prometheus镜像快速使用 1.prometheus_px4，Prometheus编译 2.下载并编译ORBSLAM3 3.在工作空间下编译ORBSLAM3 总结 前言 基于18.04的阿木实验室镜像系统，双系统非虚拟机 一、镜像系统安装 参考阿木实验室官方文档 二、prometheus镜像快速使用 1.prometheus_px4，Prometheus编译 编.
r2live process has died 问题解决了
一个有梦想，有追求，有抱负的人
03-15 695
r2live 运行出错
ORB_SLAM3安装运行&性能测试对比
qq_41917452的博客
10-16 8773
总结 目录 一、安装 二、运行 三、 EVO 四、与ORB_SLAM2性能对比 一、安装 环境：ubtuntu16 第三方库：Pangolin opencv3.2 Eigen3 （1）下载源码 https://github.com/UZ-SLAMLab/ORB_SLAM3 ORB-SLAM3论文地址：https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.11898 （2）编译 cd ORB-SLAM3/ chmod +x build.sh sudo ./bu...
/home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/ORBextractor.h:24:10: fatal error: opencv/cv.h: 没有那个文件或目录 24 | #include <opencv/cv.h> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ compilation terminated. [ 89%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/src/MLPnPsolver.cpp.o make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/build.make:232：CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/src/Optimizer.cc.o] 错误 1 In file included from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/KeyFrame.h:27, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/MapPoint.h:23, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/PnPsolver.h:52, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/src/PnPsolver.cc:50: /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/ORBextractor.h:24:10: fatal error: opencv/cv.h: 没有那个文件或目录 24 | #include <opencv/cv.h> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ compilation terminated. In file included from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/KeyFrame.h:27, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/MapPoint.h:23, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/Map.h:23, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/Atlas.h:22, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/MapDrawer.h:23, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/src/MapDrawer.cc:20: /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/ORBextractor.h:24:10: fatal error: opencv/cv.h: 没有那个文件或目录 24 | #include <opencv/cv.h> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ compilation terminated. make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/build.make:245：CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/src/PnPsolver.cc.o] 错误 1 make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/build.make:219：CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/src/MapDrawer.cc.o] 错误 1 In file included from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/KeyFrame.h:27, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/MapPoint.h:23, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/MLPnPsolver.h:52, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/src/MLPnPsolver.cpp:48: /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/ORBextractor.h:24:10: fatal error: opencv/cv.h: 没有那个文件或目录 24 | #include <opencv/cv.h> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ compilation terminated. In file included from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/KeyFrame.h:27, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/MapPoint.h:23, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/Map.h:23, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/Atlas.h:22, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/Tracking.h:29, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/FrameDrawer.h:23, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/Viewer.h:23, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/src/Viewer.cc:20: /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/ORBextractor.h:24:10: fatal error: opencv/cv.h: 没有那个文件或目录 24 | #include <opencv/cv.h> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ compilation terminated. make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/build.make:388：CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/src/MLPnPsolver.cpp.o] 错误 1 make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/build.make:310：CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/src/Viewer.cc.o] 错误 1 In file included from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/KeyFrame.h:27, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/LocalMapping.h:23, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/src/LocalMapping.cc:20: /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/ORBextractor.h:24:10: fatal error: opencv/cv.h: 没有那个文件或目录 24 | #include <opencv/cv.h> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ compilation terminated. make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/build.make:89：CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/src/LocalMapping.cc.o] 错误 1 In file included from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/KeyFrame.h:27, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/src/KeyFrame.cc:19: /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/ORBextractor.h:24:10: fatal error: opencv/cv.h: 没有那个文件或目录 24 | #include <opencv/cv.h> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ compilation terminated. make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/build.make:180：CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/src/KeyFrame.cc.o] 错误 1 In file included from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/KeyFrame.h:27, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/MapPoint.h:23, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/Map.h:23, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/Optimizer.h:23, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/src/Initializer.cc:23: /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/ORBextractor.h:24:10: fatal error: opencv/cv.h: 没有那个文件或目录 24 | #include <opencv/cv.h> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ compilation terminated. make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/build.make:297：CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/src/Initializer.cc.o] 错误 1 In file included from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/KeyFrame.h:27, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/Sim3Solver.h:26, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/src/Sim3Solver.cc:20: /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/ORBextractor.h:24:10: fatal error: opencv/cv.h: 没有那个文件或目录 24 | #include <opencv/cv.h> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ compilation terminated. make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/build.make:284：CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/src/Sim3Solver.cc.o] 错误 1 In file included from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/KeyFrame.h:27, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/KeyFrameDatabase.h:27, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/src/KeyFrameDatabase.cc:20: /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/ORBextractor.h:24:10: fatal error: opencv/cv.h: 没有那个文件或目录 24 | #include <opencv/cv.h> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ compilation terminated. make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/build.make:271：CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/src/KeyFrameDatabase.cc.o] 错误 1 In file included from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/KeyFrame.h:27, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/G2oTypes.h:36, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/src/Frame.cc:21: /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/ORBextractor.h:24:10: fatal error: opencv/cv.h: 没有那个文件或目录 24 | #include <opencv/cv.h> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ compilation terminated. make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/build.make:258：CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/src/Frame.cc.o] 错误 1 In file included from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/KeyFrame.h:27, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/LoopClosing.h:23, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/src/LoopClosing.cc:20: /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/ORBextractor.h:24:10: fatal error: opencv/cv.h: 没有那个文件或目录 24 | #include <opencv/cv.h> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ compilation terminated. make[2]: *** [CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/build.make:102：CMakeFiles/ORB_SLAM3.dir/src/LoopClosing.cc.o] 错误 1 In file included from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/KeyFrame.h:27, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/G2oTypes.h:36, from /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/src/G2oTypes.cc:19: /home/dhm/桌面/slamhuanjing/ORB_SLAM3-RGBD-Inertial/include/ORBextractor.h:24:10: fatal error: opencv/cv.h: 没有那个文件或目录 24 | #include <opencv/cv.h> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~ compilation terminated.项目本身是opencv3的cmake我修改为opencv4.20之后报错
07-19
### 问题分析 在将 ORB_SLAM3 项目从 OpenCV 3 迁移到 OpenCV 4.20 后，出现 `opencv/cv.h` 头文件找不到的错误，主要原因是 OpenCV 4 中对头文件结构进行了调整，废弃了旧的 `cv.h` 兼容头文件。OpenCV 3 中的 `cv.h` 是一个聚合头文件，包含了多个模块的定义，而 OpenCV 4 则要求开发者显式包含所需的模块头文件[^1]。 ### 解决方案 #### 1. 替换旧的头文件引用 将所有使用 `#include <opencv/cv.h>` 的语句替换为 OpenCV 4 中对应的模块头文件。例如： ```cpp #include <opencv2/core.hpp> #include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp> #include <opencv2/highgui.hpp> ``` 根据具体代码中使用的功能，选择性地包含所需模块的头文件。这种方式不仅符合 OpenCV 4 的规范，还能提高编译效率[^1]。 #### 2. 修改 CMakeLists.txt 中的 OpenCV 版本检测逻辑 确保 `CMakeLists.txt` 中正确识别 OpenCV 4.20 的版本，并链接所需的模块。可以使用如下方式指定模块： ```cmake find_package(OpenCV REQUIRED core imgproc highgui) ``` 这样可以确保在构建时正确链接 OpenCV 4 的核心库[^1]。 #### 3. 检查系统中 OpenCV 的安装路径与版本 使用以下命令确认当前系统中安装的 OpenCV 版本： ```bash pkg-config --modversion opencv4 ``` 如果输出为 `4.20`，说明 OpenCV 4.20 已正确安装。否则，可能需要重新安装或配置环境变量以指向正确的 OpenCV 安装路径[^1]。 #### 4. 使用兼容性命名空间（可选） OpenCV 4 提供了兼容性命名空间 `cv::legacy` 和 `cv::cuda::npp` 等，用于支持部分 OpenCV 3 的接口。如果某些模块尚未完全迁移到新接口，可以尝试使用这些命名空间进行适配。 --- ### 示例代码修改 假设在 `System.cc` 中存在如下代码： ```cpp #include <opencv/cv.h> ``` 应修改为： ```cpp #include <opencv2/core.hpp> #include <opencv2/imgproc.hpp> #include <opencv2/highgui.hpp> ``` 并在使用 OpenCV 函数时，确保使用 `cv::` 命名空间前缀，例如： ```cpp cv::Mat frame; cv::imshow("Frame", frame); ``` --- ### 编译与测试 完成上述修改后，重新运行 CMake 并构建项目： ```bash mkdir build && cd build cmake .. make -j$(nproc) ``` 如果仍然存在编译错误，建议逐个检查未更新的头文件引用，并确保所有 OpenCV 接口调用符合 OpenCV 4 的标准。 ---
评论
成就一亿技术人!
拼手气红包6.0元
还能输入1000个字符
 
红包 添加红包
表情包 插入表情
表情包 代码片
 条评论被折叠 查看
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

个

红包个数最小为10个

元

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43元 前往充值 >
需支付：10.00元
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包

打赏作者

蓝羽飞鸟

你的鼓励将是我创作的最大动力

¥1 ¥2 ¥4 ¥6 ¥10 ¥20
扫码支付：¥1
获取中
扫码支付

您的余额不足，请更换扫码支付或充值

打赏作者

实付元
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明：

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币，按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载，可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值