2022 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）——阅读版——仔细阅读题

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2022 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）

Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  To write his 2010 book, The 5-Factor World Diet, nutritionist Harley Pasternak traveled to the healthiest countries around the world to learn more about what made their meals extra nourishing.
  He noted that Japanese people ate a wonderful variety of seaweeds, and that Chinese people tried to include at least five different colors in every meal. Pasternak also came away with some valuable observations about how different the North American way of life was, compared with many other countries.
  For starters, Americans eat much bigger portions than people in other countries. “We don’t prioritize eating seasonally or locally, and we also add lots of salt, sugar and thickening agents to our foods,” explained Pasternak. Contrast that to the healthy Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets listed in Pasternak’s book. They all seem to stick to the ethos (特质) of regional, seasonal produce.
  For example, a traditional Mediterranean diet includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil as the main components of nutritional intake. Fish, chicken and red wine make moderate appearances, while red meat, salt and sugar are used much less often. The benefits of a traditional Mediterranean diet have been studied since the 1970s, and researchers have found that living that olive oil life can help people lose weight, lower their heart disease risk and reverse diabetes.
  Most other healthy eating cultures also make meals an event — say, multiple courses around the family table, or a glass or two of red wine at a long lunch — as opposed to hastily wolfing down handfuls of cereal above the kitchen sink and calling it dinner.
  Each of the healthy eating cultures has its own unique feature. But Pasternak did take note of one unifying factor in all of the healthy societies he observed. “The only overlapping feature in most of these healthy countries is that they all walk way more than the average American,” said Pasternak. “So really, regardless of what you’re eating, if someone’s walking four miles more than you each day, they’re going to be a lot thinner and live a lot longer than you.”

  为了撰写2010年出版的名为《世界饮食五要素》一书，营养学家哈利 · 帕斯捷尔纳克走访了世界上最健康的几个国家，深入了解是什么让他们的饮食更富含营养。
  (46)他注意到日本人吃很多种类的海藻，而中国人则会在每餐中纳入至少5种颜色的食物。帕斯捷尔纳克还对北美的生活方式与许多其他国家的生活方式有何不同进行了一些有价值的观察。
  (47) 首先，美国人比其他国家的人饭量更大。帕斯捷尔纳克解释道：“我们并不会优先吃季节性食物或 是本地食物，另外我们还会加入很多盐、糖和增稠剂到我们的食物中。”(48)在帕斯捷尔纳克的书中，他将此和健康的地中海饮食、北欧饮食和冲绳饮食进行了对比。这些地方的饮食看似都坚持了地方性和季节性农产品的特质。
  比如，一个传统的地中海饮食把水果、蔬菜、全麦、坚果、橄榄油作为营养摄入的主要部分。鱼肉、鸡肉 和红酒会适度出现，而红肉、盐和糖则更少被使用。传统的地中海饮食的好处从20世纪70年代就开始被研究，研究者们发现常年食用橄榄油可以帮助人们减重，降低他们患心脏病的风险，并治疗糖尿病。
  (49)很多其他的健康饮食文化也会把吃饭视为一件大事。比如，在家庭餐桌上吃上几道菜，或者在一顿漫长的午餐中喝一两杯红酒，而不是匆忙地在厨房水槽旁狼吞虎咽地吃下几把麦片，然后称之为晚餐。
  每种健康饮食文化都会有其独特之处。(50)但是帕斯捷尔纳克确实注意到，在他观察到的所有健康社会中，有一个统一的因素。“在这些健康国家中，唯一的共同点是他们走路的时间都比一般美国人走路时间多。”帕斯捷尔纳克说，“因此，不管你吃什么，如果有人每天比你多走4英里的路，他们就会比你瘦得多，活得长得多。”

2022-12-01-46.—细节辨认题—易—原词复现“variety”

46. What characterizes Japanese and Chinese foods? 【原文：He noted that Japanese people ate a wonderful variety of seaweeds, and that Chinese people tried to include at least five different colors in every meal. Pasternak also came away with some valuable observations about how different the North American way of life was, compared with many other countries.】
    A. Variety.
    B. Flavor.
    C. Color.
    D. Naturalness.

46.日本和中国食物的特点是什么？
A.品种。
B.味道。
C.颜色。
D.自然性。

46.【定位】由题干中的Japanese and Chinese foods定位到第二段第一句。

A【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，他注意到日本人吃很多种类的海藻，而中国人则会在每餐中纳入至少5种颜色的食物。由此可见，不管是日本人还是中国人，在饮食上的特点都是种类丰富，故答案为 A。

【避错】根据定位句可知，日本人酷爱食用海藻，可以理解为“天然性”，而中国人则注重食物的颜色丰富 ，C 和 D 只体现了其中一个国家的特点，故排除，而B 项中提及的“口味”在文中并无体现，故排除。

2022-12-01-47.—细节辨认题—难—关键词不懂“bigger portions更大的份量：指食物或饮料的量比平常更多的一份。”—或者可以由“much bigger”推出“quite a lot”

47. What is typical of Americans in the way of eating?【原文：Americans eat much bigger portions than people in other countries. “We don’t prioritize eating seasonally or locally, and we also add lots of salt, sugar and thickening agents to our foods,” explained Pasternak.】
    A. They emphasize nutrition.
    B. They tend to eat quite a lot.
    C. They prioritize convenience.
    D. They care about flavors.

47. 美国人典型的饮食习惯是什么？
A.他们强调营养。
B.他们往往吃得很多。
C.他们优先考虑便利性。
D.他们关心口味。

47.【 定位 】由题干中的 Americans in the way of eating定位到第三段第一句。
B【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句提到，美国人比其他国家的人饭量更大，也就是说，他们吃的更多一些，故答案为B。

【避错】文章第三段第二句提到，美国人并不会优先吃季节性食物或是本地食物，另外还会加入很多盐、糖和增稠剂到食物中。可见其并非注重营养，故排除A 。 而 C 中提及的“便利性”和D 中提及的“口味”在定位段中均无体现，故排除。

2022-12-01-48.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换“seasonal produce”替换为“Seasonal local produce”

48. What features in Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets?【原文：Contrast that to the healthy Mediterranean, Nordic and Okinawan diets listed in Pasternak’s book. They all seem to stick to the ethos (特质) of regional, seasonal produce.】
    A. Fruits and vegetables.
    B. Olive oil and red wine.
    C. Seasonal local produce.
    D. Unprocessed ingredients.

48. 地中海、北欧和冲绳的饮食有什么特点？
A.水果和蔬菜。
B.橄榄油和红酒。
C.当地季节性农产品。
D.未经加工的原料。

48.【定位】由题干中的Mediterranean,Nordic and Okinawan diets定位到第三段最后两句。

C【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，他将此和健康的地中海饮食、北欧饮食和冲绳饮食进行了对比。 这些地方的饮食看似都坚持了地方性和季节性农 产品的特质，故答案为 C。

【避错】文章第四段前两句提到，传统的地中海饮食把水果、蔬菜、全麦、坚果、橄榄油作为营养摄入的主要部分。鱼肉、鸡肉和红酒会适度出现，而红肉、盐和糖则更少被使用。A、B和 D 三项仅涉及地中海饮食，内容片面，故排除。

2022-12-01-49.—细节辨认题—难—强干扰项选A，但是它不紧跟定位句，其实关键词就是紧跟定位句后的“make meals an event”但是由于不认识“event大事”就直接忽略这一句。

49. What do people in most healthy eating cultures have in common?【原文：Most other healthy eating cultures also make meals an event — say, multiple courses around the family table, or a glass or two of red wine at a long lunch — as opposed to hastily wolfing down handfuls of cereal above the kitchen sink and calling it dinner.】
    A. They get the whole family to eat at a table.
    B. They eat their meals regularly and punctually.
    C. They consume plenty of cereal for breakfast.
    D. They attach great importance to their meals.

49. 大多数健康饮食文化中的人们有什么共同之处？
A.他们让全家人在一张桌子上吃饭。
B.他们定时吃饭。
C.他们早餐吃很多麦片。
D.他们非常重视他们的饮食。

49.【定位】由题干中的most healthy eating cultures 定位到第五段。

D【 精析】细节辨认题。第五段提到，很多其他的健康饮食文化也会把吃饭视为一件大事。比如，在家庭餐桌上吃上几道菜，或者在一顿漫长的午餐中喝一两杯红酒，而不是匆忙地在厨房水槽旁狼吞虎咽地吃下几把麦片，然后称之为晚餐。也就是很重视每一餐的质量，故答案为 D。

【避错】A、B、C三项均与文章的个别词汇有相关之处，但并不是概括性的共同特点，故排除。

2022-12-01-50.—细节辨认题—难—定位难，定位词分散在最后一段，虽然最后一个问题往往就是对应最后一段—选项同义替换简单“all walk way more than”替换为“do considerably more walking”

50. Compared with the average American, people in healthy societies ____ .【原文：Each of the healthy eating cultures has its own unique feature. But Pasternak did take note of one unifying factor in all of the healthy societies he observed. “The only overlapping feature in most of these healthy countries is that they all walk way more than the average American,” said Pasternak.】
    A. walk at least 4 miles a day
    B. do considerably more walking
    C. pay more attention to body shape
    D. consume a lot more organic food

50. 与普通美国人相比，健康社会的人____。
A.每天至少步行4英里
B.多走路
C.多注意体型
D.食用更多的有机食品

50.【定位】由题干中的people in healthy societies定位到最后一段第二、三句。

B【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，帕斯捷尔纳克 确实注意到，在他观察的所有健康社会中，有一个统一的因素。“在这些健康国家中，唯一的共同点是他们走路的时间都比一般美国人走路时间多。” 故答案为B。

【避错】A 是根据最后一段的末句中“如果有人每 天比你多走4英里的路”设置的干扰项，因为是假设数据，所以排除A 。C 和 D 在文中并未提及， 故排除。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  Recognizing when a friend or colleague feels sad, angry or surprised is key to getting along with others. But a new study suggests that being sensitive to people’s feelings may sometimes come with an extra dose of stress. This and other research challenge the prevailing view that emotional intelligence is uniformly beneficial to its bearer.
  In a study, psychologist Myriam Bechtoldt of the Frankfurt School of Finance and Management in Germany asked 166 male university students a series of questions to measure their emotional intelligence. For example, they showed the students photographs of people’s faces and asked them to what extent feelings such as happiness or disgust were being expressed. The students then had to give job talks in front of judges who displayed serious facial expressions. The scientists measured concentrations of stress hormones in the students’ saliva (唾液) before and after the talk.
  In students who were rated more emotionally intelligent, the stress measures increased more during the experiment and took longer to go back to baseline. The findings suggest that some people maybe too emotionally clever for their own good, says Bechtoldt. “Sometimes you can be so good at something that it causes trouble,” she notes.
  Indeed, the study adds to previous research hinting at a dark side of emotional intelligence. A study published in 2002 in Personality and Individual Differences suggested that emotionally perceptive people might be particularly influenced by feelings of depression and hopelessness. Furthermore, several studies have implied that emotional intelligence can be used to manipulate others for personal gains.
  More research is needed to see how exactly the relation between emotional intelligence and stress would play out in women and in people of different ages and education levels. Nevertheless, emotional intelligence is a useful skill to have, as long as you learn to also properly cope with emotions—both others’ and your own, says Bechtoldt. For example, some sensitive individuals may assume responsibility for other people’s sadness or anger, which ultimately stresses them out. Remember, as Bechtoldt says, “you are not responsible for how other people feel.”

  能够意识到朋友、同事何时会感到忧伤、生气或惊讶是与人相处的关键。(51)但是一项新研究表明，对他人的感受过于敏感有时候也会让人平添一些额外的压力。这项研究以及其他的研究挑战了目前盛行的观点，即情商对其拥有者而言是完全有益的。
  (52) 德国的法兰克福金融管理学院的心理学家米利亚姆 · 贝赫托尔特在一项研究中询问了166名男 学生一系列问题，来衡量他们的情商。 比如，他们向学生们展示了人们的脸部照片并询问学生他们在多大程度上表达了快乐或厌恶等情绪。接着学生们必须在面部表情凝重的评委面前进行求职演讲。科学家们在演讲前后分别测量了这些学生唾液中压力激素的浓度。
  对于那些情商更高的学生，在实验中其压力指标上涨更多，且需要更长的时间才能恢复到基准水平。
  (53) 贝赫托尔特认为，这些发现表明有些人可能在情感上过于聪明，而这对自己没有什么好处。“有时候你可能在某些方面太擅长以至于会带来麻烦。”她说。
  事实上，这项研究补充了之前的研究结论，暗示了情商的黑暗面。2002年发表在《个性与个体差异》上的一项研究表明，情绪敏感的人可能特别容易受到抑郁和绝望情绪的影响。(54)另外，一些研究也指出，情 商可以用来操纵他人以获得个人利益。
  我们需要更多的研究来了解情商和压力之间的确切关系在女性以及不同年龄和教育水平的人身上是如何发挥作用的。然而，贝赫托尔特说，情商是一项非常有用的技能，只要你能学会如何恰当地处理情绪——不仅是他人的情绪，也有你自己的情绪。比如，(55)一些敏感的人也许会为他人的悲伤或气愤承担责任，最终让自己压力重重。记住，正如贝赫托尔特所说：“你不必为别人的感受负责。”

2022-12-01-51.—细节辨认题—易—A,B或者C,D必出一个答案，定位句关键词“people”“stress”，秒选C。

51. What is the finding of the new study?【原文： But a new study suggests that being sensitive to people’s feelings may sometimes come with an extra dose of stress. This and other research challenge the prevailing view that emotional intelligence is uniformly beneficial to its bearer.】
    A. Emotional intelligence helps people get along with others.
    B. Emotional intelligence is generally beneficial to its bearer.
    C. People who are aware of others’ feelings may experience more stress.
    D. People who are emotionally stressed may have trouble making friends.

51. 这项新研究的发现是什么？
A.情商帮助人们与他人相处。
B.情商通常对其持有者是有益的。
C.知道别人感受的人可能会感受到更多的压力。
D.情绪紧张的人可能很难交到朋友。

51.【定位】由题干中的the finding of the new study 定位到第一段第二句。

C 【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，一项新研究表明，对他人的感受过于敏感有时候也会让人平添一些额外的压力。故答案为C。

【避错】虽然第一段首句提到，能够意识到朋友、同事何时会感到忧伤、生气或惊讶是与人相处的关键，但这并非是新研究的发现，故排除A。
第 一 段最后一句提到，这项研究以及其他的研究挑战了目前盛行的观点，即情商对其拥有者而言是完全有益的，因此 B是之前研究的结论，故排除。 D 在文中并未提及，故排除。

2022-12-01-52.—推理判断题—难—关键字“emotional”出现B,D，而且D还有两个关键字，强干扰项，关键在于读懂“measure是衡量的意思”，而不是“identify区分”

52. What was the purpose of psychologist Myriam Bechtoldt’s experiment?【原文：In a study, psychologist Myriam Bechtoldt of the Frankfurt School of Finance and Management in Germany asked 166 male university students a series of questions to measure their emotional intelligence.】
    A. To define different types of human feelings.
    B. To assess the impacts of being emotionally clever.
    C. To demonstrate how to distinguish different feelings.
    D. To identify gender differences in emotional intelligence.

52. 心理学家Myriam Bechtoldt的实验目的是什么？
A.定义不同类型的人类情感。
B.评估情商高的影响。
C.演示如何区分不同的感觉。
D.确定情商的性别差异。

52.【定位】 由题干中的 purpose 和 psychologist Myriam Bechtoldt’s experiment 定位到第二段第一句。

B【精析】推理判断题。定位句提到，心理学家米利亚姆 · 贝赫托尔特在一项研究中询问了166名男学生一系列问题，来衡量他们的情商。第二段也提到，科学家们在演讲前后分别测量了这些学生唾液中压力激素的浓度。综合以上信息可以推断，实验的目的是评估情商的影响，故答案为 B。

【避错】A 和 C 在文中均未提及，故排除。虽然在文中最后一段第一句提到，我们需要更多的研究来了解情商和压力之间的确切关系在女性以及不同年龄和教育水平的人身上是如何发挥作用的，但这不是心理学家米利亚姆实验的内容，故排除D。

2022-12-01-53.—细节辨认题—易—“too emotionally clever”替换为“high emotional intelligence”

53. What does the finding of Myriam Bechtoldt’s study indicate?【原文：The findings suggest that some people maybe too emotionally clever for their own good, says Bechtoldt. “Sometimes you can be so good at something that it causes trouble,” she notes.】
    A. Greater emotional cleverness means less trouble in one’s life.
    B. Emotional intelligence helps people succeed in job interviews.
    C. People’s psychological wellbeing is related to various factors.
    D. People may suffer from having a high emotional intelligence.

53. Myriam Bechtoldt的研究表明了什么？
A.情感上更聪明意味着生活中的麻烦更少。
B.情商帮助人们在求职面试中取得成功。
C.人的心理健康与多种因素有关。
D.人们可能因为高情商而受苦。

53.【定位】 由题干中的 the finding of Myriam Bechtoldt’s study 定位到第三段第二、三句。

D【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，贝赫托尔特认为，这些发现表明有些人可能在情感上过于聪明， 而这对自己没有什么好处；有时候你可能在某些方面太擅长以至于也会带来麻烦。故答案为D。

【避错】A 和 C 在文中均未提及，故排除。第二段提到了让学生们在面部表情凝重的评委面前进行求职演讲，但这只是实验的过程并不是结论，故排除 B。

2022-12-01-54.—细节辨认题—难—定位难，“a number of studies”替换为“several studies”—

54. What do we learn about emotional intelligence from a number of studies?【原文：A study published in 2002 in Personality and Individual Differences suggested that emotionally perceptive people might be particularly influenced by feelings of depression and hopelessness. Furthermore, several studies have implied that emotional intelligence can be used to manipulate others for personal gains.】
    A. People suffering from depression are emotionally immature.
    B. People who look at the dark side of life often feel depressed.
    C. Some people may take advantage of it and benefit themselves.
    D. Some people may lack it and are easily manipulated by others.

54. 从一系列的研究中，我们对情商有什么了解？
A.患有抑郁症的人在情感上不成熟。
B.看到生活黑暗面的人常常感到沮丧。
C.有些人可能会利用它来为自己谋利。
D.有些人可能缺乏这种能力，很容易被别人操纵。

54.【定位】由题干中的a number of studies定位到第四段最后一句。
C 【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，一些研究也指出，情商可以用来操纵他人以获得个人利益，故答案为C。

【避错】由定位句可知，有情商的人可以操控别人，但并不意味着缺少它的人就容易被别人操控，故排除D 。A 和 B 在文中并未提及，故排除。

2022-12-01-55.—细节辨认题—题文同序—需要读懂定位句的意思（不难读懂），就能推出是选项A。

55. What does the author suggest sensitive individuals do?【原文： some sensitive individuals may assume responsibility for other people’s sadness or anger, which ultimately stresses them out. Remember, as Bechtoldt says, “you are not responsible for how other people feel.”】
    A. Avoid burdening themselves with others’ feelings.
    B. Rid themselves of worries over worldly affairs.
    C. Learn to cope with people’s negative feelings.
    D. Help people to deal with their troubles in life.

55. 作者建议敏感的人做什么？
A.避免让别人的感受成为自己的负担。
B.摆脱对世俗事务的担忧。
C.学会处理别人的消极情绪。
D.帮助人们处理生活中的烦恼。

55.【定位】 由题干中的 the author 和 sensitive individuals定位到最后一段最后两句。
A【 精析】细节辨认题。由定位句可知， 一些敏感的人也许会为他人的悲伤或气愤承担责任，最终让自己压力重重。作者用贝赫托尔特的话对敏感的人提出了建议，即不必对他人的感受负责，故答案 为 A。

【避错】最后一段中虽然提及要学会恰当地处理他人和自己的情绪，但文章并未指明是负面情绪，故排除C。

B 和 D 在文中均未提及，故排除。