2023 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）——解析版

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2023 年 6 月大学英语四级考试真题（第 1 套）

PartI Writing ( 30 minutes)

Directions: Suppose the student union ofyour university is organizing an online discussion on interpersonal relationships. You are to write an essay on ways to maintain a warm and friendly relationship with your classmates and on the benefits of such a relationship. You will have 30 minutes for the task. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

Part II Listening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (1) Police have reported a man being bitten by a 4-foot snake when he lifted his toilet seat on Sunday morning.
The snake was not poisonous,so the man did not have to go to the hospital,but his arm was medically treated at the scene.
  (2-1) The police officer interviewed told news reporters the snake didn’t belong to the man and it was unclear how it got into the apartment.
  The snake was eventually captured by the local animal handlers and taken to an animal hospital afterward. It was being treated for an outer skin infection.(2-2)It was unclear who the owner was. The snake may be taken to a local zoo for care if the owner does not come forward.
  Over the years,other creatures like frogs and fish have found their way into toilets.But this was the first instance of a snake in recent years.

2023-06-01-01.

1. A. A man was bitten by a snake.
   B. A man was taken to a hospital.
   C. A man kept a 4-foot snake as a pet.
   D. A man fell off his toilet seat.

A.一个人被蛇咬了。
B.一名男子被送往医院。
C.一个人养了一条4英尺长的蛇作为宠物。
D.一名男子从马桶座圈上摔了下来。

1.What do we learn from the police report?我们从警方的报告中学到了什么？
A. 【精析】细节辨认题。新闻开头指出，警方报告称， 周日上午一名男子在提起马桶座圈时被一条4英尺长的蛇咬伤。由于蛇没有毒，男子未去医院。因此，答案为A。

2023-06-01-02.

2. A. Where the snake had been taken.
   B. Whether the snake was infected.
   C. How the snake was captured.
   D. Who owned the snake.

2. A.蛇被带走的地方。
B.蛇是否被感染。
C.蛇是如何被捕获的。
D.谁拥有这条蛇。

2.What does the report say was stillunclear?报告说什么仍然是核武器？
D【精析】细节辨认题。新闻中警方提到蛇并非男子所有，尚不清楚它是如何进入公寓的，下文进一步 指出尚不清楚蛇的所有者是谁。因此，答案为D。

Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (3-1) Every week since last April,Andrea Belcher has been doing something slightly unusual and amusing when she takes out her trash.
  It all started off when a movie star shared a photo of herself putting her trash bins out in a ball gown.This inspired Andrea to get dressed up to take out the trash.
  She was too embarrassed to do it during the day.So one dark evening,she put on her black off-the-shoulder gown and put her trash bin out.Her daughter filmed it and the whole family laughed,but it seemed to go down well
  (3-2) The following weeks,she found other outfits in her dressing-up box,and dressed up as different characters and famous people,sharing her exploits on social media. Before long,people started offering up their own fancy dresses for her to wear.And before she knew it,she had done 20 weeks.
  (4) Explaining why she has kept up the videos,Andrea explained how nice it was to have a little bit of fun and craziness that made people smile.Besides,it also helps to remind people in the community to put out their trash bins each week.

2023-06-01-03.

3. A. Taking her trash out in fancy dresses.
   B. Amusing herself by going to ball parties.
   C. Sharing her photos with famous movie stars.
   D. Posting her daughter’s photos on social media.

3. A.穿着奇装异服倒垃圾。
B.参加舞会自娱自乐。
C.与著名电影明星分享她的照片。
D.在社交媒体上发布女儿的照片。

3.What has Andrea Belcher been doing since last April?安德里亚·贝尔彻自去年四月以来一直在做什么？

A. 【精析】细节推断题。新闻开头指出，自去年4月以来，安德里亚 · 贝尔彻每周都会在倒垃圾时做一些稍微不寻常和有趣的事情。接下来具体说明电影 明星穿舞会礼服倒垃圾的照片激发了她的灵感，于是她晚上倒垃圾时会盛装打扮成不同的角色和名人并拍摄下来。由此可知，首句中不寻常和有趣的事指的就是盛装倒垃圾。因此，答案为A 。

2023-06-01-04.

4. A. To make herself popular.
   B. To amuse people.
   C. To please her daughter.
   D. To record her achievements.

4. A.使自己受欢迎。
B.逗人开心。
C.取悦她的女儿。
D.记录她的成就。

4.Why has Andrea Belcher kept up her videos?为什么安德里亚·贝尔彻一直在拍视频？
B【精析】细节推断题。新闻最后安德里亚解释了她为什么一直拍这些视频，她说能有一点乐趣和疯狂让人们微笑是很美好的事情。由此可知，她拍视频分享的原因是为了逗人们开心，因此答案为B。

Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.

  (5) No money but still hungry?No problem!Welcome to Frank’s restaurant where customers are paying for meals and leaving receipts on a board.Anyone who is hungry and wants something to eat can take one,no questions asked and hand it to the staff for some food.
  (6) The idea for the board of free meals started after a donor came in with $100 for each member of its staff.After two staffers returned to their share,there was $700 leftover according to Tarah Morris,the owner of the restaurant,so they decided to do something more by creating the board.
  The board of free meals inside the restaurant shows a host of potential meals already paid for by customers, each costing about $10.The board has messages of kindness like,“If you want more kindness in the world,put it here.”
  (7) The drive has been going on for two weeks and Morris said just under 50 customers have picked up a free meal.There have been no reports of anyone taking advantage of the situation.In fact,there are a lot more people giving tickets than receiving. It seems people want to help and are driven by helping others.

2023-06-01-05.

5. A. Eat as much as they want for $10.
   B. Have a chance of winning a $100 prize.
   C. Have a meal even if they have no money.
   D. Get a free meal after answering some questions.

5. A.花10美元想吃多少就吃多少。
B.有机会赢得100美元的奖金。
C.即使没有钱也要吃一顿饭。
D.回答一些问题后可以得到一顿免费的饭。

5.What can people do at Frank’s restaurant?人们可以在弗兰克的餐厅做什么？
C【精析】细节推断题。新闻开头提出，当顾客遇到没有钱却还饿的问题时欢迎光临弗兰克餐厅，这里的顾客正在付餐费，并在黑板上留下收据。任何饿了想吃东西的人都可以拿一个，不用过问，然后把它交给工作人员就能换取食物。由此可知，在弗兰克餐厅即使没有钱也能吃顿饭。因此，答案为C。

2023-06-01-06.

6. A. It was brought up by two staffers.
   B. It helped to popularize her restaurant.
   C. It originated from a donation to her staff.
   D. It was suggested by some of her customers.

6. A.是两名员工提出来的。
B.这有助于推广她的餐馆。
C.它来自于给她的员工的捐赠。
D.这是她的一些顾客建议的。

6.What does the owner of the restaurant say about the idea for the board of free meals?餐厅老板对免费餐板的想法有什么看法？
C【精析】 细节辨认题。新闻中提到据餐厅老板塔拉·莫里斯说，设立免费餐告示板的想法是在一位捐赠者为店里每位员工提供100美元后开始的，在两名员工退回他们的份额后，还剩下700美元，所以他们决定通过设立告示板来做更多的事情。 由此可知，设立免费餐告示板源于捐献者对其员工的捐赠。因此，答案为C。

2023-06-01-07.

7. A. Fifty customers have offered donations.
   B. More people have been giving than taking.
   C. Many people have come to eat at the restaurant.
   D. Most staffers have received messages of kindness.

7. A.已有50位顾客捐款。
B.给予的人比索取的人多。
C.很多人来餐厅吃饭。
D.大多数员工都收到了善意的信息。

7.What has happened at Frank’s restaurant since the board of free meals was created?自免费餐委员会成立以来，弗兰克的餐厅发生了什么？
B【精析】细节推断题。新闻最后提到，免费餐告示板行动已经进行了两周，但是只有不到50名顾客免费用餐。目前还没有发现任何人利用这种情况占便宜。事实上，送收据的人比拿收据的人多得多，人们都乐于帮助别人。由此可知，给予的人比索取的人多。因此，答案为B。

Section B

Directions: In this section, you will heartwo long conversations. At the end ofeach conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, Cand D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

W：Welcome to our program,Friends and Relationships.(8)Our guest today is psychologist Steve Pinker from McGill University.
M：Glad to be here,Jane.
W：Hi,Steve.(9-1) Our question today is why friends suddenly disappear.They may block us on their social media accounts and stop responding to our emails.They simply vanish without a trace.
M：The answer may lie in childhood,the way the person related to their mom and dad.It’s related to their attachment styles.
W：Attachment styles?
M：Yeah.There are two different attachment styles:an anxious attachment style and an avoidant attachment style.(10) When there is a relationship breakdown with their parents,children with an anxious attachment style scream and cry to get their parents to come back.But other children simply shut down and try to deal
with their emotions by ignoring the situation.And these attachment styles carry on into adulthood.
W：Does avoidance reduce their stress levels?
M：Not really.Their stress levels are actually the same as those experienced by the children who yell and scream.
W：And I assume both might be termed insecure.
M：Exactly.And it’s a very insecure attachment.
W：How does an insecure attachment affect relationships between friends,co-workers and romantic relationships?
M：It’s the same as conflicts.So if you have a disagreement with a securely attached person,they’re not going
to panic.They’re able to hear what the other person is saying and express their own feelings and thoughts effectively.(11) However,an insecurely attached person won’t.They might either attack you,get defensive, or just disappear from your life.To them,a difference,no matter how small in your eyes,signals the end of the relationship.
W： (9-2) That explains why they suddenly disappear.

2023-06-01-08.

8. A. He is a psychologist.
   B. He is a famous writer.
   C. He is a host for a TV program.
   D. He is a primary schoolteacher.

8. A.他是一位心理学家。
B.他是一位著名的作家。
C.他是一个电视节目主持人。
D.他是小学老师。

8.What do we learn about the man?
A【精析】细节辨认题。对话一开始，女士便介绍了男士，指出男士是今天节目的嘉宾，麦吉尔大学的心理学家史蒂夫·平克。由此可知，答案为A。

2023-06-01-09.

9. A. Why social media accounts vanish without a trace.
   B. Why parents raise their children in different ways.
   C. Why people fail to respond to emails promptly.
   D. Why friends break off contact all of a sudden.

9. A.为什么社交媒体账户消失得无影无踪？
B.为什么父母用不同的方式抚养孩子。
C.为什么人们不及时回复邮件。
D.为什么朋友之间会突然断绝联系。

9.What are the speakers mainly talking about?说话者主要在谈论什么？
D【精析】细节辨认题。对话中女士向嘉宾介绍今天节目的话题是讨论为什么朋友会突然消失。男士下文回答道这可能和依恋风格有关，并展开了讨论。在对话的最后，女士提到这也解释了为什么朋 友会突然消失。由此可知，两人就为什么朋友会突然消失这一话题展开讨论，因此答案为D。

2023-06-01-10.

10. A. They simply shut themselves down.
    B. They avoid showing their emotions.
    C. They scream to get their parents back.
    D. They attempt to ignore the whole situation.

10. A.他们只是自我封闭。
B.他们避免表露自己的情绪。
C.他们尖叫着要父母回来。
D.他们试图忽略整个情况。

10.How do children with an anxious attachment style react to a breakdown in their relationship with parents?焦虑型依恋型儿童在与父母关系破裂时如何反应？
C【精析】细节辨认题。男士提到，儿童与父母的关系有两种不同的依恋类型：焦虑型依恋和回避型依恋。当与父母的关系破裂时，焦虑型依恋的孩子们会以尖叫和哭泣的方式让父母回来。因此，答案为C。

2023-06-01-11.

11. A. They may regard any difference as the end of a relationship.
    B. They are on better terms with friends and romantic partners.
    C. They try to express their feelings and thoughts effectively.
    D. They attach more value to their relationships with others.

11. A.他们可能把任何差异都视为一段关系的结束。
B.他们与朋友和恋人的关系更好。
C.他们试图有效地表达自己的感受和想法。
D.他们更重视与他人的关系。

11.What does the man say about insecurely attached people?男士对没有安全感的人说了什么？
A【精析】细节辨认题。对话中男士提到，缺乏安全感的人要么攻击你来保护自己，要么就会从你的生活中消失。对他们来说，无论在你眼里看起来多小的变化，都预示着这段关系的结束。因此，答案为A。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

M：I hear you’re going to Japan soon. W：Yes,that’s right.
M：Could I ask you a favor?
W：Sure.What is it?
M：I was wondering if you could get me some jeans while you’re there.I’ll pay you back,of course.
W：A pair of jeans?Okay.I don’t see why not.But what’s wrong with jeans here?
M：Well,(12) Ijust love good jeans and Japan happens to make the best in the world.My friend brought me a pair from there five years ago,and they still look new.
W：Really?I had no idea Japan made jeans.(13)I would have thought America made the best jeans because it’s a typical American garment.
M：Yeah,I thought so too.But it turns out Japan still has some very old mills with the traditional weaving tools used to make jeans the original way.It’s a slower process of making clothing.But the end result is surely superior.(14) Also,the fabric they use is of a higher quality and the dyes are natural.They have a denser weave,and are more durable than any other jeans in the world.
W：That sounds cool.What size do you want and how much are they?
M：I have a 34 waist and size 30 or 32 in length.Either is fine.They should be around $500.But make double certain they are made in Japan.
W：$500?Boy,that’s expensive.Do you typically spend that much on a pair of casual trousers?
M：They are a little pricey,yes.But they are very special.(15)Bear in mind,they will last me several years and they’re very fashionable too.I think they’re totally worth it.

2023-06-01-12.

12. A. Their price.
    B. Their color.
    C. Their quality.
    D. Their design.

12. A.他们的价格。
B.他们的颜色。
C.他们的质量。
D.设计。

12.What makes the man choose to buy jeans made in Japan?是什么让这位男士选择购买日本制造的牛仔裤？
C【精析】细节辨认题。男士得知女士要去日本，请女士帮忙买条牛仔裤，并解释说，他喜欢好的牛仔裤，而日本恰好是世界上做得最好的。因此，答案为 C“它们的质量”。

2023-06-01-13.

13. A. Jeans are a typical American garment.
    B. America makes the best-known brands of jeans.
    C. America has the best weaving tools in the world.
    D. Jeans are available in a greater variety in America.

13. A.牛仔裤是典型的美国服装。
B.美国生产最知名品牌的牛仔裤。
C.美国有世界上最好的编织工具。
D.牛仔裤在美国有很多品种可供选择。

13.Why is the woman puzzled by the man’s request?为什么女人对男人的要求感到困惑？
A. 【精析】细节辨认题。对话中女士表示她不知道日本生产牛仔裤。她本来以为美国制造的牛仔裤是最好的，因为它是典型的美国服装。由此可知，答案为A。

2023-06-01-14.

14. A. They are artificial.
    B. They are natural.
    C. They are unique.
    D. They are special.

14. A.它们是人造的。
B.它们是天然的。
C.他们是独一无二的。
D.他们很特别。

14.What does the man say about the dyes of Japanese jeans?关于日本牛仔裤的染料，男士说了什么？
B【精析】细节辨认题。男士认为日本生产的牛仔裤使用的面料质量更好，染料也是天然的。由此可知，答案为B。

2023-06-01-15.

15. A. They are for casual wearing.
    B. They are popular with boys.
    C. They are much too pricey.
    D. They are worth the price.

15. A.它们是休闲装。
B.它们很受男孩的欢迎。
C.它们太贵了。
D.它们值这个价钱。

15.What does the man say about Japanese jeans at the end of the conversation?在对话的最后，男士说了关于日本牛仔裤的什么？
D【精析】细节辨认题。对话最后女士提到用500美元买一条牛仔裤太贵了，男士承认日本生产的牛仔裤价格高，但考虑到耐穿时尚，这个价格是值得的。 因此，答案为D。

Section C

Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, Cand D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

  (16) Every time I walk out of a superhero movie,I feel the same way.I experience a sense of longing, realizing that there should be more in life.The desire for adventure is a human one.Superhero films capture this desire perfectly.
  (17) The plot of each superhero film has become relatively predictable:the world is in peril,the world needs a hero,the hero is in peril,the hero resolves the peril,the hero saves the world. Each film has an attractive lead,several expensive explosions,a few jokes to lighten the mood,and numerous punches that land unrealistically well.Even though we basically know what will happen,we keep coming back for more.
  (18) The elites of our society have rejected superhero films.They say the films lack any form of artistry. These movies are criticized as being too simple.But they give the fans what they want—entertainment.
  No matter the form in which they reveal themselves,hero stories will always be present in life.It’s not just about being entertained,but also being inspired.One author has mentioned that women desire to play an irreplaceable role in a great adventure.“Most young women want to be a part of something grand,something important."It seems clear that this principle applies to men,as well.
  So next time you see your favorite superhero film,be entertained,but also be inspired.Let that small longing you feel motivate you to make a difference.

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.

2023-06-01-16.

16. A. He desires more in life.
    B. He wants to see it again.
    C. He feels as inspired as other audience members.
    D. He longs to become a superstar himself.

16. A.他对生活有更多的要求。
B.他想再看一遍。
C.他和其他观众一样受到启发。
D.他渴望自己成为超级巨星。

16.How does the speaker feel every time he walks out of a superhero movie?每次从超级英雄电影中走出来，说话者是什么感觉？
A 【精析】细节辨认题。短文开头提到，每次“我”看完一部超级英雄电影，都有同样的感受：“我”体会到一种渴望，意识到生活中应该有更多。由此可知，答案为A 。

2023-06-01-17.

17. A. It is rather unrealistic.
    B. It is extremely artistic.
    C. It is somewhat complicated.
    D. It is relatively predictable.

17. A.这相当不现实。
B.它极具艺术性。
C.有点复杂。
D.它是相对可预测的。

17.What does the passage say about the plot of all superhero movies?关于所有超级英雄电影的情节，文章说了什么？

D【精析】细节辨认题。短文中提到，每一部超级英雄电影的情节都变得相对可预测：世界处于危险之中，世界需要一位英雄，英雄危在旦夕，英雄化解了危险，英雄拯救了世界。因此，答案为D。

2023-06-01-18.

18. A. They are biased against women.
    B. They are full of shootings.
    C. They are basically misleading.
    D. They are too simple.

18. A.他们对女性有偏见。
B.到处都是枪击事件。
C.他们基本上是误导。
D.他们太简单了。

18.What do the elites of American society think of superhero movies?美国社会的精英们是如何看待超级英雄电影的？
D【精析】事实细节题。短文中提到，美国社会的精英们已经拒绝看超级英雄电影，他们说这些电影缺乏任何形式的艺术性，这些电影被批评过于简单。因此，答案为D。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.

  Telling stories is one of the most powerful means leaders have to influence,teach and inspire. (19-1) Storytelling forges connections among people.When it comes to our countries,our communities,and our families,we understand instinctively that the stories we hold in common are an important part of the ties that bind.
  This understanding also holds true in the business world,where an organization’s stories,and the stories its leaders tell,help solidify relationships in a way that factual statements don’t.
  (19-2) Good stories do more than create a sense of connection.They build familiarity and trust.(20) They allow the listener to enter the story,making them more open to learning. Good stories can contain multiple meanings,so they’re surprisingly economical in conveying complex ideas in graspable ways.And stories are more engaging than the recital of data points or a discussion of abstract ideas.
  Stories about professional mistakes and what leaders learned from them are another great avenue for learning.Because people identify so closely with stories,they can imagine how they would have acted in similar circumstances.They’re able to work through situations in a way that’s risk free.There are extra benefits for leaders:(21) with a simple personal story,they can convey fundamental values.They can offer insight into the evolution of their own experience and knowledge,presenting themselves as more approachable and then they are more likely to inspire others to want to know more.

2023-06-01-19.

19. A. It can highlight leadership.
    B. It can help connect people.
    C. It is a means to inspire creative thinking.
    D. It is an intuitive way to solidify friendship.

19. A.它可以突出领导力。
B.它可以帮助人们联系。
C.它是激发创造性思维的一种手段。
这是巩固友谊的一种直观的方式。

19.What does the passage say about storytelling?
B【精析】细节辨认题。短文开头提到，讲故事能建立人与人之间的联系。下文又提到，好的故事不仅能创造联系感，还能建立熟悉感和信任感。因此，答案为B。

2023-06-01-20.

20. A. Allow them to recite data points.
    B. Make them more open to learning.
    C. Enable them to remember the main idea.
    D. Stimulate them to engage in discussions.

20.A.允许他们背诵数据点。
B.让他们更乐于学习。
C.使他们记住主旨。
D.鼓励他们参与讨论。

20.What can good stories do to listeners according to the passage?根据文章，好故事对听者有什么作用？
B【精析】细节辨认题。短文中提到，好的故事允许听众进入到故事中去，使他们更愿意学习。因此，答案为B。

2023-06-01-21.

21. A. Inspire listeners’ imagination.
    B. Explain insightful ideas.
    C. Convey fundamental values.
    D. Enrich their own experience.

21. A.激发听众的想象力。
B.解释有见地的想法。
C.传达基本价值观。
D.丰富自己的经验。

21.What can leaders do with a simple personal story?领导者可以用一个简单的个人故事做些什么？
C【精析】细节推断题。短文末尾提到，对领导者来说还有额外的好处，通过一个简单的个人故事，他们可以传达基本的价值观。因此，答案为C。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.

  (22) The U.S.was founded by successive waves of immigrants,and immigrants are still contributing to America today—statistics prove it.
  On two key measures of financial performance,immigrants outperform native-born Americans.
  (23) First,they are more likely to be entrepreneurs.From 1996 to 2016,the pace at which immigrants started businesses was double that of U.S.-born individuals.Immigrants aren’t just becoming entrepreneurs more frequently.They’re often succeeding. Over 40%of Fortune 500 companies had a founder who was either an immigrant or the child of one.
  (24) Another key measure of financial strength is debt level.Immigrants do better in this area too. Immigrants use credit less often for purchasing cars,homes or starting businesses.This results in significantly lower levels of debt than native-born Americans. For example,34%of Americans born in Latin America report no credit card or installment loan debt.This can be compared to just 19%of the general population.
  (25) Why are immigrants doing so well?The values and habits they bring from their own homelands help explain some of the success.
  Unemployment tends to be higher in developing countries.That means more people must become entrepreneurs.Credit is also scarcer in most developing countries.This means individuals must save more in order to achieve their goals,or they borrow money from friends and family rather than a bank.That means less debt and potentially better credit outcomes when they reach the U.S.

2023-06-01-22.

22. A. Immigrants outnumber U.S.-born Americans.
    B. Immigrants have been contributing to the U.S.
    C. Another wave of immigrants is hitting the U.S.
    D. The number of immigrants to the U.S. is declining.

22. A.移民人数超过了在美国出生的美国人。
B.移民一直在为美国做出贡献
C.另一波移民潮正在冲击美国
D.移民到美国的人数正在下降。

22.What does the passage say statistics prove?文章说统计数据证明了什么？
B【 精析】事实细节题。短文开头提到，美国是由一波接一波的移民建立起来的，统计数据证明，移民至今仍在为美国做出贡献。因此，答案为B。

2023-06-01-23.

23. A. More of them expect their children to succeed in business.
    B. They have fewer chances to be hired by U.S. companies.
    C. They have founded most Fortune 500 companies.
    D. More of them are successful business people.

23. A.他们中更多的人希望自己的孩子在商业上取得成功。
B.他们被美国公司雇用的机会更少了。
C.他们创立了大多数财富500强公司。
D.他们中更多的是成功的商人。

23.What do we learn about immigrants in the U.S., compared with native-born Americans?与美国本土出生的人相比，我们对美国移民有什么了解？
D【精析】细节推断题。短文中提到，在衡量财务表现的两个关键指标上，移民的表现优于土生土长的美国人。首先，他们更有可能成为企业家，从1996年到2016年，移民创业的速度是美国出生的人的两倍。除了频繁成为企业家，他们往往是成功的。因此，答案为D。

2023-06-01-24.

24. A. They have higher installment loan debt than native-born Americans.
    B. Nineteen percent of them borrow money from friends and family.
    C. Their level of debt is lower than that of native-born Americans.
    D. Thirty-four percent of them use credit for their daily purchases.

24. A.他们的分期贷款债务比土生土长的美国人要高。
B.百分之十九的人向朋友和家人借钱。
C.他们的债务水平低于本土出生的美国人。
D. 34%的人使用信用卡进行日常购物

24.What does the passage say about immigrants in the U.S.,in terms of financial strength?就经济实力而言，文章说了美国移民的什么？
C【精析】细节辨认题。短文中提到，衡量财务实力的另一个关键指标是债务水平。移民在这方面也做得更好。移民较少将信贷用于购买汽车、住房或创业。这导致债务水平明显低于土生土长的美国人。因此，答案为C。

2023-06-01-25.

25. A. Keep their traditional values and old habits.
    B. Find employment in competitive businesses.
    C. Borrow money from financial institutions.
    D. Collaborate with native-born Americans.

25. A.保持他们的传统价值观和旧习惯。
B.在有竞争力的企业找工作。
C.向金融机构借钱。
D.与土生土长的美国人合作。

25.What do immigrants do to achieve their goals in the U.S.?移民在美国做些什么来实现他们的目标？
A. 【精析】细节推断题。短文最后解释了移民做得这么好的原因，他们从自己的祖国带来的价值观和习惯有助于解释这些成功。也就是说，移民为了在美国实现自己的目标，他们保留了自己传统的价值观和习惯。因此，答案为A。

Part III Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list ofchoices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
  You probably haven’t taken the time to think of all the work that went into creating the shirt on your back. I mean, how hard it could be to create fabric and 26 it into a shirt shape. Don’t machines do all that? Well, creating fabric from cotton, which is the most 27 clothing material, is actually a process that involves a lot of water, 2,700 liters per shirt to be 28 . Take a look at the video below from National Geographic for some more mind-blowing 29 about cotton clothing production.
  Clean water is 30 becoming one of the most sought-after resources in the world. Given how large the 31 and cotton industries are, they take up a lot of our fresh water demands across the world, according to The Huffington Post. The video from National Geographic was created to spread 32 of how environmentally harmful cotton is. But the situation can be made better. Through better water management and farming practices, water usage in cotton production can be cut down by 33 40 percent.
  Called “Better Cotton”, this environmentally conscious product will save millions of liters of water a year simply from 34 the demands of cotton production. Cotton doesn’t have to go, since it is, after all, one of the most useful cash crops across the globe. However, as water supplies 35 , farmers and consumers need to be more conscious of the effect that these products have on the environment as a whole.

A. abstracts
B. abundant
C. awareness
D. conscience
E. exact
F. increasingly
G. intense
H. mend
I. nearly
J. reckoning
K. reducing
L. sew
M. shrink
N. statistics
O. textile

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read apassage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

The Spoken Web

A. We’re growing more used to chatting to our computers, phones and smart speakers through voice assistants like Amazon’s Alexa, Apple’s Siri and Microsoft’s Cortana. Blind and partially sighted people have been using text-to-speech converters for decades.

B. Out of these assistants, Siri is the most well-known. The assistant uses voice inquiries and a natural-language user interface (界面) to answer questions. The software adapts to users’ individual language usages, searches, and preferences, with continuing use.

C. Some think voice could soon take over from typing and clicking as the main way to interact online.But what are the challenges of moving to “the spoken web”?

D. What use is written online content if you can’t read? That is the situation facing illiterate (不识字)African farmers. They are often denied crucial information the web offers many others. With a literacy rate in some parts of Africa at only 22.6%, farmers are often “underpaid for their produce because they might be unaware of the prevailing prices,” says Francis Dittoh, a researcher behind Mr Meteo, a speech-based weather information service.

E. “The most frequently heard complaint is about rainfall predictions,” says Mr Dittoh, who lives in Tamale, northern Ghana. “They tell us the methods their forefathers used to predict the weather don’t seem to work as well these days.” This is down to climate change, he believes. Yet knowing when it’s going to rain is vital for farmers wanting to sow seeds, irrigate crops or take their animals out to the fields to feed on grass.

F. Mr Dittoh says the idea of converting online weather reports into speech came from the farmers themselves, after a workshop in the village of Guabuligah. “They came up with this,” he says. Mr Meteo takes the online weather forecast, converts it to a short recording in the appropriate language and makes it available on a basic phone. Farmers ring up to receive the information. The local language Dagbani is spoken by 1.2 million people but is not served by any online translation applications. The service was designed to be cheap and easy to run, says Mr Ditto. He plans to begin field tests this month, working with Tamale’s Savanna Agricultural Research Institute.

G. The spoken web could also help the one-in-five adults in Europe and the US with poor reading skills.But building the spoken web — web-to-voice and voice-to-web — isn’t straightforward. For software to understand pizza is served at Italian restaurants is easy. To cover multiple domains and to be able to have a conversation with users on every single topic is still a long way off.

H. So although many computer assistants can answer simple questions about the weather and play music for us, anything resembling a wide-ranging human conversation is decades away. Artificial intelligence just isn’t smart enough yet. Even turning your voice into text — automatic speech recognition — is one of the hardest problems to solve, as there are as many ways to pronounce things as there are people on the planet.

I. Siri has often been praised for its ability to interpret our casual language and deliver very specific and accurate result, sometimes even providing additional information. But it is still somewhat restricted, particularly when the language moved away from stiffer commands into more human interactions. In one example, the phrase “Send a text to Jason, Clint, Sam, and Lee saying we’re having dinner at Silver Cloud restaurant” was interpreted as sending a message to Jason only, containing the text “Clint Sam and Lee saying we’re having dinner at Silver Cloud restaurant” . It has also been noted that Siri lacks a proper editing function, as saying “Edit message to say: we’re at Silver Cloud restaurant and you should come find us” generates “Clint Sam and Lee saying we’re having dinner at Silver Cloud restaurant to say we’re at Silver Cloud restaurant and you should come find us” .

J. Using voice interaction feels far more intimate than surfing the net the old-fashioned way. This is intentional as the informal tone of the assistant helps create an emotional attachment. But if something speaks, it must also listen. Our phones are always near us and they are collecting data about us all the time. This has already raised privacy concerns. The American Civil Liberties Union has stated that digital assistants create a threat to privacy from hackers. Some people have other concerns. They worry assistants will one day be used to deliver advertising directly to us.

K. But digital voices need more personality to make them popular. Robots are not yet witty, Siri is boring.The benefits of using voice instead of tapping fingers obviously depend on the context. Doctors completing online forms about their patients by speech, for example, can dictate 150 words a minute, three times faster than typing on a keyboard. This enables them to spend less time on administration and more time with patients.

L. Last year, speech recognition company Nuance helped a doctors’ surgery in Dukinfield, near Manchester, set up a speech system for the practice’s six doctors. Now they can dictate notes on a patient’s health condition and treatment and a smart assistant automatically enters the information into the right fields on a web form. Previously, the doctors made voice recordings that were then transcribed by secretaries — a process that was costly and likely to cause delays. The new system means letters to patients now have more detail.

M. Using voice also makes sense when you’re doing other things with your hands. Think about when you’re cooking, and you just want to know what the next step in the recipe is. Your hands are covered with oil; you’re not going to get on the iPad, so it’s a lot more natural to talk. And speech obviously makes sense when you’re driving. In the US, 29% of drivers admit they surf behind the wheel, according to insurance firm State Farm. This is up from 13% in 2009. No wonder using mobile phones while driving causes more crashes a year than drink driving, says the US National Safety Council.

36. According to Francis Dittoh, their speech-based weather information service was meant to be inexpensive and easy to use.
37. Using voice instead of typing enables doctors to spend more time taking care of patients.
38. It is extremely difficult to convert voice into text because of different pronunciations.
39. African farmers unable to read often don’t have access to important information conveyed online.
40. Some phone users worry advertisers will take advantage of voice assistants to send ads directly to them.
41. The spoken web is helpful when one’s hands are occupied.
42. Some people believe online interaction would soon depend mainly on voice.
43. Setting up a spoken web is by no means an easy task.
44. Weather information is extremely important to farmers.
45. Some people are concerned about privacy because their phones are constantly collecting their personal information.

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

  The United States is facing a housing crisis: Affordable housing is inadequate, while luxury homes abound (充裕), and homelessness remains a persistent problem. Despite this, popular culture and the housing industry market happiness as living with both more space and more amenities (便利设施). Big houses are advertized as a reward for hard work and diligence, turning housing from a basic necessity into a luxury.
  This is reflected in our homes. The average single-family home built in the United States before 1970 was less than 1,500 square feet in size. By 2016, the average size of a new, single-family home was 2,422 square feet. What’s more, homes built in the 2000s were more likely than earlier models to have more of all types of spaces: bedrooms, bathrooms, living rooms, dining rooms, recreation rooms and garages.
  There are consequences of living big. As middle-class houses have grown larger, two things have happened. First, large houses take time to maintain, so cleaners and other low-wage service workers are required to keep these houses in order. Second, once-public spaces, where people from diverse backgrounds used to come together, have increasingly become privatized, leading to a reduction in the number of public facilities available to all, and a reduced quality of life for many. Take swimming pools. While in 1950, only 2,500 U.S. families owned pools, by 1999 this number was 4 million. At the same time, public municipal pools were often closed, leaving low-income people nowhere to swim.
  The trend for bigger housing thus poses ethical questions.Should Americans accept a system in which the middle and upper classes enjoy a luxurious lifestyle,using the low-wage labor of others? Are we willing to accept a system in which an increase in amenities purchased by the affluent means a reduction in amenities for the poor?
  I believe neither is acceptable. We must change the way we think: living well does not need to mean having more private spaces; instead, it could mean having more public spaces. A better goal than building bigger houses for some is to create more publicly accessible spaces and amenities for all.

  美国正面临住房危机：经济适用房不足，而豪宅比比皆是，无家可归仍然是一个长期存在的问题。尽 管如此，流行文化和房地产行业将幸福感营销为居住在更大空间和拥有更多的便利设施。(46)大房子被 宣传为是对辛苦工作和勤奋的奖励，而这一宣传将住房从基本必需品变成了奢侈品。
  这反映在我们的家里。1970年之前，美国建造的独栋房屋平均面积不到1,500平方英尺。到2016 年，新的独栋住宅的平均面积为2,422平方英尺。此外，21世纪建造的房屋比早期的模型更有可能拥有 更多的所有类型的空间：卧室、浴室、客厅、餐厅、娱乐室和车库。
  (47-1)住房面积的增大带来一些后果。随着中产阶级的房子越来越大，发生了两件事。首先，大房子 需要时间来维护，所以需要清洁工和其他低工资的服务人员来保持房屋整洁。(47-2)第二，曾经的公共空 间常有来自不同背景的人聚集在一起，如今变得越来越私有化，导致所有人可用的公共设施数量减少，许多人的生活质量也相应降低。 以游泳池为例。1950年，只有2,500个美国家庭拥有游泳池，而到1999 年，这一数字为400万。与此同时，市政公共游泳池经常关闭，让低收入人群无处游泳。
  (48)因此，住房面积增大的趋势引发了道德问题。 美 国人应该接受一种中上层阶级利用他人的低薪 劳动享受奢侈的生活方式的制度吗?(49-1)我们是否愿意接受这样一种富人购买便利设施的增加意味着 穷人的便利设施减少的制度?
  (49-2)我认为两者都不可接受。 我们必须改变我们的思维方式：过得好并不意味着拥有更多的私人空间；(50)相反，它可以意味着拥有更多的公共空间。对一些人来说，比起建造更大的房子，更好的目标是 为所有人创造更多的公共空间和便利设施。

2023-06-01-46.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—“reward for hard work”替换为“reward for industriousness”

46. What are big houses promoted to be in the United States?【原文：Big houses are advertized as a reward for hard work and diligence, turning housing from a basic necessity into a luxury.】
    A. A luxury for the homeless.
    B. A reward for industriousness.
    C. An abundant source of comforts.
    D. An absolute necessity for happiness.

46. 在美国，大房子被宣传成什么样子？
A.无家可归者的奢侈品。
B.对勤奋的奖励。
C.丰富的舒适之源。
D.幸福的绝对必需品。

46.【定位】由题干中的 big houses 和 promoted to be 定位到首段第三句。

B【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，大房子被宣传为是对辛勤工作和勤奋的奖励，而这一宣传将住房从基本必需品变成了奢侈品。由此可见，流行文化与房地产行业都以大房子是对辛苦工作和勤 奋的奖励为噱头来推销豪宅，industriousness是 对 hard work和 diligence的同义转述，故答案为B。

【避错】首段第一句提到，经济适用房不足，而豪宅比比皆是，无家可归仍然是一个长期存在的问题， 可见“大房子是无家可归者的奢侈品”是问题，不可能成为促销理由，故排除A。 首段第二句提到，流行文化和房地产行业将幸福感营销为居住在更 大空间和拥有更多的便利设施，但这并不意味大房子是“舒适的丰富源泉”和“幸福的绝对需要”，故排除 C和 D。

2023-06-01-47.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—“reduced quality of life for many”替换为“Many Americans’ quality of life has become lower许多美国人的生活质量下降了”

47. What is one of the consequences of living big?【原文：There are consequences of living big. As middle-class houses have grown larger, two things have happened. First, large houses take time to maintain, so cleaners and other low-wage service workers are required to keep these houses in order. Second, once-public spaces, where people from diverse backgrounds used to come together, have increasingly become privatized, leading to a reduction in the number of public facilities available to all, and a reduced quality of life for many. 】
    A. Many Americans’ quality of life has become lower.
    B. People from diverse backgrounds no longer socialize.
    C. People no longer have access to public swimming pools.
    D. Many Americans’ private life has been negatively affected.

47. 生活奢华的后果之一是什么？
A.许多美国人的生活质量下降了。
B.不同背景的人不再交往。
C.人们不再可以使用公共游泳池。
D.许多美国人的私生活受到了负面影响。

47.【定位】由题干中的consequences of living big定位到第三段首句。

A【 精析】细节辨认题。第三段主要介绍了住房面积增大带来的两个后果。第三段第四句提到，曾经的公共空间越来越私有化，导致所有人可用的公共设施数量减少，许多人的生活质量下降了。由此可知，住房面积的增大导致很多美国人生活质 量下降了，故答案为A。

【避错】第三段第四句提到，曾经的公共空间越来 越私有化导致所有人可用的公共设施数量减少，并不是不同背景的人不再社交，故排除B。第三段第七句提到，市政公共游泳池经常关闭，让低收入人群无处游泳。可见，公共泳池的减少只是影 响了低收入群体，并不是所有人，故排除C。
文中并未提到“美国人的私生活受到负面影响”，故排除 D。

2023-06-01-48.—推理判断题—难—关键单词不懂—ethical adj. 道德的，伦理的；合乎道德的；moral adj. 有关道德的；基于道德的，道义上的；

48. What questions arise from living big?【原文：The trend for bigger housing thus poses ethical questions.Should Americans accept a system in which the middle and upper classes enjoy a luxurious lifestyle,using the low-wage labor of others? 】
    A. Questions related to moral principles.
    B. Questions having to do with labor cost.
    C. Questions about what lifestyle to promote.
    D. Questions concerning housing development.

48. 住得大会产生什么问题？
A.有关道德原则的问题。
B.与劳动力成本有关的问题。
C.关于提倡何种生活方式的问题。
D.关于住房发展的问题。

48 .【定位】由题干中的questions arise from living big 定位到第四段首句。

A【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，住房面积增大的趋势引发了道德问题。由此可见，住房面积增大的趋势给人们带来的是与道德原则有关的问题，故答案为A。

【避错】文中没有提到“与劳动力成本有关的问题” “关于推广什么样的生活方式的问题”和“关于住房开发的问题”，故排除 B、C和 D。

2023-06-01-49.—推理判断题—难—上下段需结合看

49. What kind of social system does the author think is unacceptable?【原文：Are we willing to accept a system in which an increase in amenities purchased by the affluent means a reduction in amenities for the poor?
      I believe neither is acceptable. We must change the way we think: living well does not need to mean having more private spaces; instead, it could mean having more public spaces.】
    A. One in which the wealthy exploit the low-wage laborers building their houses.
    B. One in which the rich purchase amenities at an increasingly unjustifiable price.
    C. One in which the upper classes deprive the lower classes of affordable housing.
    D. One in which the affluent enjoy a more comfortable life at the expense of the poor.

51. 作者认为什么样的社会制度是不可接受的？
A.富人剥削低工资的工人为他们盖房子。
B.富人以越来越不合理的价格购买便利设施。
C.上层阶级剥夺下层阶级负担得起的住房。
D.富人以牺牲穷人为代价享受更舒适生活的社会。

49.【定位】由题干中的social system 和 unacceptable 定位到第四段最后一句和第五段第一句。

D【精析】推理判断题。由第五段第一句“两者都不可接受”可知，不可接受的问题在第四段。第四段最后一句提到一种“富人购买便利设施的增加意味着穷人的便利设施减少”的制度。换言之，作者反对“富人通过牺牲穷人的生活品质而享受更舒适的生活的制度"，故答案为D。

【避错】文中并没有提到“富人剥削建造房屋的低 工资劳动者的制度”“富人以越来越不合理的价格购买便利设施的制度”以及“上层阶级剥夺下层阶级负担得起的住房的制度”，故排除A、B和 C。

2023-06-01-50.—推理判断题—易—由“create more publicly accessible spaces”推出“More public spaces created for everyone to enjoy”

50. What does the author advocate for people to live well?【原文：We must change the way we think: living well does not need to mean having more private spaces; instead, it could mean having more public spaces. A better goal than building bigger houses for some is to create more publicly accessible spaces and amenities for all.】
    A. Finding ways to turn private spaces into public ones.
    B. Building more houses affordable to those less affluent.
    C. More public spaces created for everyone to enjoy.
    D. All amenities made accessible to the rich and the poor alike.

50. 作者提倡人们怎样才能生活得更好？
A.想办法把私人空间变成公共空间。
B.建造更多不那么富裕的人负担得起的房子。
C.创造更多公共空间供大家享受。
D.富人和穷人都能享受到的所有便利设施。

50.【定位】由题干中的 advocate for people to live well 定位到末段最后两句。

C【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，过得好可以意味着拥有更多的公共空间。对一些人来说，比起建造更大的房子，更好的目标是为所有人创造更多的公共空间和便利设施。由此可见，为了使人们过得好，作者主张创造更多每个人都可以享受的公共空间，故答案为C。

【避错】文中并没有提到“想办法把私人空间变成 公共空间”和“为那些不太富裕的人建造更多负担得起的房子”，故排除 A和 B。 在最后一段最后一句中，作者强调的是为所有人创造更多的公共空间和便利设施，而非所有的便利设施都对富人和穷人一视同仁，故排除D。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

  Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed — or cursed — with higher-than-average ambition. Ambitious people strongly desire accomplishments and are willing to take more risks and spend more effort to get them.
  Overall, this is a positive quality, especially for people trying to build their own businesses. Apparently, if you’re more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed.
  Actually, this isn’t always the case. In fact, in some cases, extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good.
  One major side effect of excessive ambition is the tendency to focus too determinedly on one particular vision or end goal. This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur. If a new competitor emerges to threaten your business, you may need to change direction, even if that means straying from your original vision. If you have too much ambition, you’ll find this hard, if not impossible.
  Few people are successful when they try to build their first brand. Unfortunately, for the most ambitious entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous, and impossible to recover from.
  It’s a clear departure from the intended plan toward the intended goal. For people with limited ambition, however, failure is viewed as something closer to reality. Remember, failure is inevitable, and every failure you survive is a learning experience.
  Ambitious people tend to be more materialistically successful than their non-ambitious counterparts. However, they’re only slightly happier than their less-ambitious counterparts, and tend to live significantly shorter lives. This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,” such success means nothing for their health and happiness — and if you don’t have health and happiness. what else could possibly matter?
  Clearly, some amount of ambition is good for your motivation. Without any ambition, you wouldn’t start your own business, set or achieve goals and get far in life. But an excess of ambition can also be dangerous, putting you at risk of burnout, stubbornness and even a shorter life.

  (51) 大部分创业群体的人都会有幸拥有亦或是受苦于一种高于常人的野心。有抱负的人强烈渴望有 所成就，并愿意承担更多的风险、付出更多的努力来得到这些成就。
  总而言之，这是一种积极的品质，尤其是对于那些想要自主创业的人。(52-1)显然，如果你有更自然 的动力去设定目标，那么你就更有可能成功。
  (52-2)实际上，事实并非一贯如此。事实上，在某些情况下，过度的野心也许会带来更多的弊端而非好处。
  过度的野心带来的一个主要的副作用是太容易断然地关注某个特定的愿景或终极目标。(53)这是有问题的，因为这会限制你适应新环境的能力，而这一点对于想成为一名成功企业家的你来说又至关重要。如果出现一个新的竞争者威胁了你的企业，你可能需要改变方向，即使这意味着将会偏离你最初的愿景。 如果你野心太大，你会发现即便是有可能，但做到这一点还是很难。
  很少有人在尝试建立自己的首个品牌时就能成功。(54)不幸的是，对于最有野心的企业家而言，失败 被视为是灾难性的，无法从中恢复。
  这是从既定计划到既定目标的明显偏离。然而，对于那些野心有限的人而言，失败被视为一种更接 近现实的常态事件。请记住，失败在所难免，每次你从失败中走出，都是一次学习经历。
  相比起那些没有野心的人而言，有野心的人在物质上会更加富足。然而，他们只比没有野心的人稍微幸福一点，且寿命往往更短。(55)这意味着即便具备野心的人更有可能取得传统意义上的“成功”，但这种成功却无益于他们的健康和幸福——假如你失去了健康和幸福，其他的事情又有何重要呢?
  显然，一定程度的野心对于你的动力是有好处的。没有任何野心的话，你就不会创业，设定或实现目标，并在人生中大步向前。但是过度的野心也是危险的，会让你面临疲劳、偏执甚至寿命缩短的风险。

2023-06-01-51.—细节辨认题—易—同义替换—“higher-than-average ambition”替换为“more ambitious than”

51. What does the author think of most entrepreneurs?【原文：Most of us in the entrepreneurial community are blessed — or cursed — with higher-than-average ambition. Ambitious people strongly desire accomplishments and are willing to take more risks and spend more effort to get them.】
    A. They are more willing to risk their own lives.
    B. They are more ambitious than ordinary people.
    C. They achieve greater nonconventional success.
    D. They have more positive qualities than most ofus.

51. 作者是如何看待大多数企业家的？
A.他们更愿意冒生命危险。
B.他们比普通人更有野心。
C.他们取得了更大的非传统成功。
D.他们比我们大多数人有更多积极的品质。

51.【定位】由题干中的 most entrepreneurs 定位到首段第一句。

B【精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，大部分创业群体的人都会有幸拥有亦或是受苦于一种高于常人的野心。由此可知，创业者比普通人拥有更多的野心，故答案为B。

【避错】第一段末句提到，有抱负的人强烈渴望有所成就，并愿意承担更多的风险、付出更多的努力来得到这些成就。但并没有明确指出他们更愿意冒生命危险，故排除A。 第七段末句指出，具备野心的人更有可能取得传统意义上的“成功”，故排除 C。 第二段开头指出，具备野心是一种积极的品质。但并未提及具备野心的人比大部分人拥有更多积极的品质，故排除D。

2023-06-01-52.—推理判断题—难—跨段理解题—定位句是否定句，是对上文的否定，故答案也是对上文的否定。

52. What does the author imply by saying “this isn’t always the case” (Line 1, Para. 3)?【原文：Overall, this is a positive quality, especially for people trying to build their own businesses. Apparently, if you’re more naturally driven to set goals, you are more likely to succeed.
      Actually, this isn’t always the case. In fact,in some cases,extreme ambition may end up doing more harm than good.】
    A. Ambitious people may not have a greater chance of success.
    B. Ambitious people may not have more positive qualities.
    C. Entrepreneurs’ ambition does as much good as harm.【as much … as与…一样多】
    D. Entrepreneurs are more naturally driven to success.

52. 作者说“情况并非总是如此”（第3段第一行）是什么意思？
A.雄心勃勃的人可能不会有更大的成功机会。
B.雄心勃勃的人可能没有更积极的品质。
C.企业家的野心利与弊一样多。
D.企业家更自然地被驱使着走向成功。

52.【定位】由题干定位到第三段第一句。
A【精析】推理判断题。由于定位句位于第三段段首，需要结合第二段的内容方可得到答案。第二段末句指出，如果你有更自然的动力去设定目标，那么你就更有可能成功。紧接着在第三段首句提到，事实并非一贯如此。这是针对第二段提出的观点进行反驳，故答案为 A。

【避错】第二段只是指出具备野心是一种积极品质，但并未提到有野心的人也许没有更多的积极品质，故排除B。第三段指出，过度的野心也许会带来更多的弊端而非好处，即弊端多于好处，故排除 C。

文章并未提及企业家会更自然地被驱动走向成功，故排除D。

2023-06-01-53.—细节辨认题—定位难，同义替换“extreme importance”替换为“vital adj. 至关重要的，必不可少的；”—答案是简单的同义替换，“adapt to new circumstances”替换为“adapt to new situations”

53. What does the author say is of extreme importance for one to become a successful entrepreneur?【原文：This is problematic because it hinders your ability to adapt to new circumstances, which is vital if you want to be a successful entrepreneur. If a new competitor emerges to threaten your business, you may need to change direction, even if that means straying from your original vision. If you have too much ambition, you’ll find this hard, if not impossible.】
    A. Holding on to one’s original vision.
    B. Being able to adapt to new situations.
    C. Focusing determinedly on one particular goal.
    D. Avoiding radical change in one’s career direction.

53. 对于一个成功的企业家来说，作者认为最重要的是什么？
A.坚持自己最初的想法。
B.能够适应新环境。
C.坚定地专注于一个特定目标。
D.避免职业方向的彻底改变。

53.【定位】由题干中的extreme importance for one to become a succesful entrepreneur 定位到第四段第二句。

B【 精析】细节辨认题。定位句指出，这是有问题的，因为这会限制你适应新环境的能力，而这一点对于想成为一名成功企业家的你来说又至关重要。由此可知，如果想成为成功的企业家，能够适应新环境是很重要的，故答案为 B。

【避错】第四段指出，过度的野心带来的一个主要的副作用是太容易断然地关注某一个特定的愿景或是终极目标，说明这样做是有问题的。同时作者指出，如果出现新的竞争者威胁了你的企业，你也许需要改变方向，这是一个成功企业家应该具备的能力。由此可以排除A“坚持自己最初的想法”、C“坚定地专注于一个特定的目标”和D“避免彻底改变职业方向”三项。

2023-06-01-54.—推理判断题—由“as disastrous,and impossible to recover from灾难性的，无法从中恢复。”推出“the end of ”

54. How do the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure in their endeavor?【原文：Unfortunately, for the most ambitious entrepreneurs, a failure is seen as disastrous,and impossible to recover from.】
    A. It will awaken them to reality.
    B. It is a lesson they have to learn.
    C. It means the end of their career.
    D. It will result in a slow recovery.

54. 最雄心勃勃的企业家如何看待他们努力的失败？
A.这将唤醒他们面对现实。
B.这是他们必须学习的一课。
C.这意味着他们职业生涯的结束。
D.这将导致缓慢的恢复。

54.【定位】由题干中的the most ambitious entrepreneurs regard failure in their endeavor 定位到第五段末句。
C【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，不幸的是，对于最有野心的企业家而言，失败被视为是灾难性的，无法从中恢复。由此可知，无法从失败中恢复就意味着职业生涯走向终点，故答案为C。

【避错】第六段提到，对于那些野心有限的人而言，失败被视为一种更接近现实的常态事件。失败在所难免，每次你从失败中走出，都是一次学习经历。这里说的是只有一点野心的人，而不是题干中最有野心的企业家，故排除A和 B。定位句指出，对于最有野心的企业家而言，失败被视为是灾难性的，是无法恢复的，而不是缓慢恢复，故排除 D。

2023-06-01-55.—推理判断题—难—定位难，有八段，还不是最后一段，是倒数第二段，答案也难，要反问推出

55. What does the author advise us to do concerning ambition?【原文：This implies that even though ambitious people are more likely to achieve conventional “success,” such success means nothing for their health and happiness — and if you don’t have health and happiness. what else could possibly matter?】
    A. Distinguish between conventional success and our life goal.
    B. Follow the example of the most ambitious entrepreneurs.
    C. Avoid taking unnecessary risks when starting a business.
    D. Prioritize health and happiness over material success.

55. 关于野心，作者建议我们做些什么？
A.区分常规的成功和我们的人生目标。
B.以最雄心勃勃的企业家为榜样。
C.创业时避免承担不必要的风险。
D.把健康和快乐放在物质成功之前。

55.【定位】由题文同序原则和选项内容定位到第七段末句。

D【精析】推理判断题。定位句指出，这意味着即便具备野心的人更有可能取得传统意义上的“成功”，但这种成功却无益于他们的健康和幸福—假如你失去了健康和幸福，其他的事情又有何重要呢?作者通过反问的方式，暗示了健康和幸福要比“成功”更重要，故答案为D。

【避错】文中没有提到“区分传统意义上的成功和我们的人生目标”、“以最有野心的企业家为榜样” 和“创业时避免承担不必要的风险”，故排除A、B、C三项。

Part IV Translation ( 30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate apassage from Chinese into English. You should writeyour answer on Answer Sheet 2.
  中国政府一直大力推行义务教育(compulsory education)，以使每个儿童都享有受教育的机会。 自 1986 年《义务教育法》生效以来，经过不懈努力，实现了在全国推行义务教育的目标。如今，在中国，儿童年满六周岁开始上小学，从小学到初中一共接受九年义务教育。从 2008 年秋季学期开始，义务教育阶段学生无需缴纳学费。随着一系列教育改革举措的实施，中国义务教育的质量也有显著提高。