§ Suppose that (a), (b), …, (l) are m sets each of n numbers.
Then (a)+(b)+...+(l)<(a+b+...+l), unless either (1) every two of (a), (b), …, (l) are proportional, or (2) there is a ν such that aν=bν=...=lν=0.
§ If α,β,...,λ are positive and α+β+...+λ=1, then
∑aαbβ...lλ<(∑a)α(∑b)β...(∑l)λ,
unless either (1) the sets (a),(b),...,(l) are all proportional, or (2) one set is nul.
§ If r,α,β,...,λ are positive and α+β+...+λ=1, then
¯r(ab...l)<¯r/α(a)¯r/β(b)...¯r/λ(l)
unless (a1/α),(b1/β),...,(l1/λ) are proportional or one of the factor on the right-hand side is zero. If r<0, the inequality is reversed.
§ Any two real numbers k and k′ are conjugate if they are satisfied any one of the three following equalities:
k′=kk−1, with k≠1
(k−1)(k′−1)=1
1k+1k′=1 with k≠0, and k′≠0
Suppose that k≠0, k′≠0, and that k′ is conjugate to k. Then:
∑ab<(∑ak)1/k(∑bk′)1/k′
holds with (k>1), unless (ak) and (bk′) are proportional; and
∑ab>(∑ak)1/k(∑bk′)1/k′
holds with (k<1), unless (ak) and (bk′) are proportional or (ab) is nul. Furthermore, those two inequalies can be combined in a single inequality:
(∑ab)kk′<(∑ak)k′(bk′)k
with k≠0 and k≠1.
General property of mean values:
§ If r<s then
¯r(a)<¯s(a)
, unless the a are all equal, or s≤0 and ana a is zero.