片上变化(on chip variation,OCV)概念学习

本文探讨了集成电路设计中的时序分析,特别是建立和保持关系在最坏情况下的考虑。时钟路径被分为最慢和最快路径以评估建立时间,并考虑片上变化(On-Chip Variation, OCV)带来的不确定性。OCV导致时序分析裕量减少,一些工具通过补偿公共段延迟差异来应对。此外,提到了时钟网络悲观效应降低的概念,用于修正时钟树延迟的不一致性。

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参考:《Contraining Designs for Synthesis and Timing Analysis》 3.8 On-Chip Variation

在这里插入图片描述

我们知道建立关系:
t l a u n c h + t c l k 2 q + t C 1 + t s e t u p < t c a p t u r e + t c y c l e t_{launch} + t_{clk2q} + t_{C1} + t_{setup}< t_{capture} + t_{cycle} tlaunch+tclk2q+tC1+tsetup<tcapture+tcycle

要对上面的电路进行最最最悲观的情况下的建立分析,就要考虑数据路径(不等式左侧)的最大延迟,不等式右侧的最小延迟。

t c l k 2 q t_{clk2q} tclk2q t C 1 t_{C1} tC1 t s e t u p t_{setup} tsetup对于固定电路和器件是确定的。为了考虑时钟树的影响,则需要(A->B->F1.clk)按最慢的路径来考虑,而(A->C->D->F2.clk)按最快路径来考虑。

保持关系:
t l a u n c h + t c l k 2 q + t C 1 < t c a p t u r e + t h o l d t_{launch} + t_{clk2q} + t_{C1} < t_{capture} + t_{hold} tlaunch+tclk2q+tC1<tcapture+thold

同理对于保持关系则相反,数据路径最快,所以(A->B->F1.clk)按最快的路径来考虑,而(A->C->D->F2.clk)按最慢路径来考虑。

片上变化(On-Chip Variation,OCV):对同一 network 的不同段进行的这种差异处理,可以覆盖到同一芯片不同部分上的任何变化情况。这种差异处理被称为片上变化。

这种片上变化减小了 STA 的裕量,因为时钟网络有一段路径是共用的,这段路径延迟应该认为是相等的。
所以有的工具会将片上变化应用到整段时钟网络(包括公用部分),然后通过修正因子来补偿公共段中考虑的延迟差异。
相关术语:时钟网络悲观效应降低(clock network pessimism reduction)或时钟树悲观效应降低(clock tree pessimism reduction)

来自MIT大佬Natalie Enright Jerger、Tushar Krishna、以及Li-Shiuan Peh总结的体系结构上网络(onchip network)的学习材料(目前主要用于MIT相关课程教学)。 英文摘要:This book targets engineers and researchers familiar with basic computer architecture concepts who are interested in learning about on-chip networks. This work is designed to be a short synthesis of the most critical concepts in on-chip network design. It is a resource for both understanding on-chip network basics and for providing an overview of state of-the-art research in on-chip networks. We believe that an overview that teaches both fundamental concepts and highlights state-of-the-art designs will be of great value to both graduate students and industry engineers. While not an exhaustive text, we hope to illuminate fundamental concepts for the reader as well as identify trends and gaps in on-chip network research. With the rapid advances in this field, we felt it was timely to update and review the state of the art in this second edition. We introduce two new chapters at the end of the book. We have updated the latest research of the past years throughout the book and also expanded our coverage of fundamental concepts to include several research ideas that have now made their way into products and, in our opinion, should be textbook concepts that all on-chip network practitioners should know. For example, these fundamental concepts include message passing, multicast routing, and bubble flow control schemes. Table of Contents: Preface / Acknowledgments / Introduction / Interface with System Architecture / Topology / Routing / Flow Control / Router Microarchitecture / Modeling and Evaluation / Case Studies / Conclusions / References / Authors' Biographies 是学习NOC等领域的非常好的材料。
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