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(1)能耗约束下移动机器人单机器人路径规划算法研究 移动机器人的能耗特性直接决定其续航能力和作业效率,尤其在复杂环境中,不合理的路径规划会导致能耗激增,限制其应用范围。因此,构建精准的能耗模型并以此优化路径规划算法,成为单机器人路径规划的核心问题。移动机器人的能耗构成具有多因素耦合特性,主要包括驱动能耗、转向能耗、地形适应能耗及辅助系统能耗。驱动能耗是最主要的能耗来源,与机器人行驶速度、负载重量及地面摩擦系数密切相关,例如在粗糙路面上,滚动阻力系数增大,单位距离的驱动能耗可增加30%~50%;转向能耗由转向电机克服地面侧向摩擦力产生,与转弯角度、转弯速度呈正相关,急转或大角度转弯会导致能耗显著上升;地形适应能耗体现在坡度变化中,上坡时需额外消耗能量克服重力分力,下坡时虽可通过能量回收系统回收部分能量,但整体仍存在能量损耗;辅助系统能耗包括传感器、控制器等电子设备的能耗,虽占比相对较小(约5%~10%),但在长时间作业中累积效应显著。 基于上述能耗特性,针对传统A*算法在路径规划中仅以距离最短为目标、忽视能耗和转向代价的缺陷,提出一种融合能耗因子与方向约束的改进A*算法。该算法的核心是重构代价函数,将传统的“距离代价”扩展为“综合能耗代价”,包括基础距离能耗、转向能耗惩罚及地形修正系数。具体而言,在路径搜索过程中,对于每个待扩展节点,不仅计算其与目标点的直线距离(启发函数),还引入方向因子——若当前路径段与上一路径段的夹角大于设定阈值(如30°),则在代价函数中加入转向能耗惩罚值,角度越大惩罚值越高,以此减少不必要的转弯。同时,根据地形类型(如平地、斜坡、粗糙地面)赋予不同的能耗权重,例如将斜坡路段的能耗权重设为平地的1.5倍,粗糙地面设为1.3倍,使算法在路径选择时优先避开高能耗区域。 为验证改进算法的有效性,在多种仿真场景中进行对比实验。仿真环境包括包含随机障碍的平地场景、含5°~15°斜坡的地形场景及含狭窄通道的复杂场景。结果显示,与传统A*算法相比,改进算法规划的路径在平地场景中转弯次数减少40%~60%,单位距离能耗降低15%~20%;在斜坡场景中,通过优先选择缓坡路径,总能耗降低25%~35%;在狭窄通道场景中,由于减少了频繁调整方向的操作,能耗波动幅度降低约30%,且路径平滑度显著提升。此外,算法的搜索效率未受明显影响,规划时间仅增加5%~10%,满足实时性要求。
(2)能耗约束下多移动机器人路径规划与避碰策略 多移动机器人协同作业时,除需考虑单机器人的能耗优化外,还需解决路径冲突与避碰问题,不合理的避碰策略可能导致额外能耗增加和作业时间延长。针对这一问题,提出一种“预规划+实时调整”的混合策略,在保证避碰安全性的同时,实现全局能耗最优。 混合策略的核心流程分为两个阶段:预规划阶段和实时调整阶段。预规划阶段采用改进的A*算法为每个机器人规划初始路径,规划过程中引入“时间窗”概念,为每条路径分配时间标签,确保机器人在通过公共区域(如窄路段、交叉路口)时时间上不重叠。具体而言,通过建立空间-时间二维模型,将机器人的路径表示为“位置-时间”序列,在路径搜索时不仅考虑空间距离,还通过时间偏移量避免初始路径冲突。例如,对于两个需通过同一窄路段的机器人,预规划算法会根据其起始位置和速度,分配不同的通过时间,使两者在时间上错开至少10秒,避免初始冲突。 实时调整阶段用于处理预规划阶段未预见的动态冲突(如机器人速度波动、突发障碍)。该阶段引入“动态时间预测窗”机制,每个机器人通过传感器实时感知周围环境及其他机器人的位置和速度,预测未来3~5秒内的运动轨迹。当预测到潜在碰撞(如两机器人的预测轨迹在同一区域重叠)时,启动避碰决策模块。避碰决策基于“优先级-能耗”双因素评价体系:优先级由机器人的任务紧急度、当前负载及剩余能量决定,例如任务紧急度高或剩余能量低的机器人优先级更高;能耗因素则计算不同避碰方案(如减速、绕行、暂停)的能耗增量,选择能耗最低的方案。例如,当低优先级机器人检测到与高优先级机器人可能碰撞时,优先选择减速行驶,通过延长通过时间避免碰撞,而非绕行——因为绕行会增加行驶距离,导致能耗增加20%~40%,而减速仅增加5%~15%的能耗。 为验证混合策略的优越性,在包含8个机器人、10个公共窄路段的复杂场景中,与传统的BT&TW(滚动时间窗机制的二叉树先序遍历)算法和DPS(基于动态优先级的冲突消解)算法进行对比。实验结果显示,混合策略的总能耗比BT&TW算法低18%~25%,比DPS算法低10%~15%;在任务完成时间一致性方面,混合策略使所有机器人的完成时间差控制在5%以内,而BT&TW和DPS算法的时间差分别为15%和12%;在鲁棒性测试中,当引入20%的速度波动干扰时,混合策略的碰撞率为0,而其他两种算法的碰撞率分别为8%和5%。这表明混合策略在能耗控制、任务协同性和抗干扰能力上均具有明显优势。
(3)能耗优化下移动机器人路径规划虚拟验证平台设计 为实现对路径规划算法的系统性验证和参数优化,基于MATLAB App Designer开发了能耗约束下移动机器人路径规划虚拟验证平台,该平台具备场景构建、算法测试、能耗分析和结果可视化等功能,可支持单机器人与多机器人场景的灵活切换,满足系列化约束条件的组合验证需求。 平台的核心架构包括五大模块:场景配置模块、机器人参数设置模块、算法选择与参数调整模块、仿真运行与数据采集模块、结果分析与可视化模块。场景配置模块允许用户自定义地图大小(最大100m×100m)、障碍类型(静态障碍、动态障碍)及地形分布(通过灰度图或高度图导入,灰度值代表地形能耗系数),用户可通过鼠标在界面上绘制矩形、圆形障碍,或导入预设场景(如仓库、室外园区);机器人参数设置模块支持设置机器人数量(1~10个)、每个机器人的起始点与目标点、负载重量、最大速度、能量容量及能耗模型参数(如滚动阻力系数、转向能耗系数),并可通过滑块实时调整参数值;算法选择模块内置传统A*、改进A*、混合避碰策略等算法,用户可选择单一算法或对比多种算法,同时提供算法核心参数(如启发函数权重、转向惩罚系数、预测窗大小)的调整接口;仿真运行模块负责调用选定算法进行路径规划,实时模拟机器人运动过程,记录每个时间步的位置、速度、能耗及避碰事件;结果分析模块可自动生成路径长度、总能耗、平均能耗、转弯次数、任务完成时间等关键指标,并以柱状图、折线图形式展示,支持不同算法或不同参数配置下的结果对比。 平台的特色功能体现在三个方面:一是能耗可视化,通过颜色编码实时显示机器人在不同路段的能耗分布(红色表示高能耗,蓝色表示低能耗),帮助用户直观识别高能耗区域;二是动态约束调整,支持在仿真过程中修改参数(如临时增加障碍、调整机器人速度),测试算法的动态适应性;三是数据导出功能,可将仿真数据(路径坐标、能耗时序数据、避碰记录)导出为CSV格式,便于后续深入分析。 为验证平台的有效性,在预设的仓库场景(含10个货架障碍、2个窄通道)中进行测试:单机器人场景下,对比传统A*与改进A*算法,平台清晰显示改进算法的路径更平滑,总能耗降低22%;多机器人场景下,混合避碰策略的仿真结果表明,机器人通过动态减速成功避碰,总能耗比无避碰策略降低35%,且路径交叉点的能耗峰值明显低于其他算法。该平台为路径规划算法的研发提供了便捷的测试工具,可有效缩短算法从理论到实际应用的周期。
classdef energy_constrained_path_planner < matlab.apps.AppBase
% Properties that correspond to app components
properties (Access = public)
UIFigure matlab.ui.Figure
ScenarioConfigurationPanel matlab.ui.container.Panel
MapSizeLabel matlab.ui.control.Label
XSizeEditField matlab.ui.control.NumericEditField
YSizeEditField matlab.ui.control.NumericEditField
StaticObstaclesLabel matlab.ui.control.Label
AddRectObstacleButton matlab.ui.control.Button
AddCircleObstacleButton matlab.ui.control.Button
ClearObstaclesButton matlab.ui.control.Button
TerrainTypeLabel matlab.ui.control.Label
TerrainTypeDropDown matlab.ui.control.DropDown
RobotParametersPanel matlab.ui.container.Panel
NumRobotsLabel matlab.ui.control.Label
NumRobotsSpinner matlab.ui.control.NumericSpinner
StartPointLabel matlab.ui.control.Label
StartXEditField matlab.ui.control.NumericEditField
StartYEditField matlab.ui.control.NumericEditField
GoalPointLabel matlab.ui.control.Label
GoalXEditField matlab.ui.control.NumericEditField
GoalYEditField matlab.ui.control.NumericEditField
LoadLabel matlab.ui.control.Label
LoadEditField matlab.ui.control.NumericEditField
AlgorithmSelectionPanel matlab.ui.container.Panel
AlgorithmLabel matlab.ui.control.Label
AlgorithmDropDown matlab.ui.control.DropDown
HeuristicWeightLabel matlab.ui.control.Label
HeuristicWeightSlider matlab.ui.control.Slider
TurnPenaltyLabel matlab.ui.control.Label
TurnPenaltySlider matlab.ui.control.Slider
SimulationPanel matlab.ui.container.Panel
RunSimulationButton matlab.ui.control.Button
PauseButton matlab.ui.control.Button
ResetButton matlab.ui.control.Button
ResultsPanel matlab.ui.container.Panel
PathPlot matlab.ui.control.UIAxes
EnergyPlot matlab.ui.control.UIAxes
MetricsLabel matlab.ui.control.Label
PathLengthLabel matlab.ui.control.Label
TotalEnergyLabel matlab.ui.control.Label
TurnCountLabel matlab.ui.control.Label
CompletionTimeLabel matlab.ui.control.Label
end
% Properties for data storage
properties (Access = private)
mapSize = [50, 50]; % Default map size [x, y]
obstacles = []; % Obstacle data: [type, x, y, w, h/r]
robots = struct(); % Robot data: position, path, energy
currentAlgorithm = '改进A*'; % Selected algorithm
isSimulating = false; % Simulation state
terrainData = []; % Terrain energy coefficients
end
% Callbacks that handle component events
methods (Access = private)
% Button pushed function: AddRectObstacleButton
function AddRectObstacleButtonPushed(app, event)
% Get map size
xSize = app.XSizeEditField.Value;
ySize = app.YSizeEditField.Value;
app.mapSize = [xSize, ySize];
% Get obstacle coordinates from user input via dialog
dlgTitle = '添加矩形障碍';
dlgPrompt = {'X坐标:', 'Y坐标:', '宽度:', '高度:'};
dlgDefault = {'10', '10', '5', '5'};
answer = inputdlg(dlgPrompt, dlgTitle, 1, dlgDefault);
if ~isempty(answer)
% Parse input
x = str2double(answer{1});
y = str2double(answer{2});
w = str2double(answer{3});
h = str2double(answer{4});
% Validate input
if all(isfinite([x, y, w, h])) && w > 0 && h > 0
% Add to obstacles array: [type=1(rect), x, y, w, h]
app.obstacles = [app.obstacles; 1, x, y, w, h];
% Update plot
app.updateMapPlot();
else
msgbox('请输入有效的障碍参数', '输入错误');
end
end
end
% Button pushed function: AddCircleObstacleButton
function AddCircleObstacleButtonPushed(app, event)
% Get obstacle coordinates from user input via dialog
dlgTitle = '添加圆形障碍';
dlgPrompt = {'中心X坐标:', '中心Y坐标:', '半径:'};
dlgDefault = {'25', '25', '3'};
answer = inputdlg(dlgPrompt, dlgTitle, 1, dlgDefault);
if ~isempty(answer)
% Parse input
x = str2double(answer{1});
y = str2double(answer{2});
r = str2double(answer{3});
% Validate input
if all(isfinite([x, y, r])) && r > 0
% Add to obstacles array: [type=2(circle), x, y, r, NaN]
app.obstacles = [app.obstacles; 2, x, y, r, NaN];
% Update plot
app.updateMapPlot();
else
msgbox('请输入有效的障碍参数', '输入错误');
end
end
end
% Button pushed function: ClearObstaclesButton
function ClearObstaclesButtonPushed(app, event)
app.obstacles = [];
app.updateMapPlot();
end
% Value changed function: TerrainTypeDropDown
function TerrainTypeDropDownValueChanged(app, event)
terrainType = app.TerrainTypeDropDown.Value;
xSize = app.XSizeEditField.Value;
ySize = app.YSizeEditField.Value;
% Generate terrain data (energy coefficients)
[X, Y] = meshgrid(1:xSize, 1:ySize);
switch terrainType
case '平坦地形'
app.terrainData = ones(ySize, xSize) * 1.0; % 基础能耗系数
case '斜坡地形'
% 模拟从左到右的斜坡,能耗逐渐增加
app.terrainData = 1.0 + 0.5 * (X / xSize);
case '复杂地形'
% 随机生成高能耗区域
app.terrainData = 1.0 + 0.8 * rand(ySize, xSize);
% 添加几个高能耗区域
for i = 1:3
cx = randi(xSize);
cy = randi(ySize);
app.terrainData = app.terrainData + 0.5 * exp(-0.1*((X - cx).^2 + (Y - cy).^2));
end
end
app.updateMapPlot();
end
% Value changed function: NumRobotsSpinner
function NumRobotsSpinnerValueChanged(app, event)
numRobots = app.NumRobotsSpinner.Value;
% Initialize robot structures
app.robots = struct('start', [], 'goal', [], 'path', [], 'energy', [], 'position', []);
for i = 1:numRobots
% Default positions with spacing
startX = 5 + (i-1)*10;
startY = 5;
goalX = xSize - 5 - (i-1)*10;
goalY = ySize - 5;
app.robots(i).start = [startX, startY];
app.robots(i).goal = [goalX, goalY];
app.robots(i).path = [];
app.robots(i).energy = 0;
app.robots(i).position = [startX, startY];
end
% Update start/goal edit fields for first robot
app.StartXEditField.Value = app.robots(1).start(1);
app.StartYEditField.Value = app.robots(1).start(2);
app.GoalXEditField.Value = app.robots(1).goal(1);
app.GoalYEditField.Value = app.robots(1).goal(2);
end
% Button pushed function: RunSimulationButton
function RunSimulationButtonPushed(app, event)
if app.isSimulating
return; % Already simulating
end
% Get parameters
numRobots = app.NumRobotsSpinner.Value;
xSize = app.XSizeEditField.Value;
ySize = app.YSizeEditField.Value;
load = app.LoadEditField.Value;
heuristicWeight = app.HeuristicWeightSlider.Value;
turnPenalty = app.TurnPenaltySlider.Value;
% Update robot start/goal positions
for i = 1:numRobots
if i == 1 % Update first robot from edit fields
app.robots(i).start = [app.StartXEditField.Value, app.StartYEditField.Value];
app.robots(i).goal = [app.GoalXEditField.Value, app.GoalYEditField.Value];
end
app.robots(i).position = app.robots(i).start;
app.robots(i).energy = 0;
end
% Generate paths based on selected algorithm
app.isSimulating = true;
app.RunSimulationButton.Text = '正在仿真...';
% Create progress dialog
progress = waitbar(0, '正在规划路径...');
% Generate paths for each robot
for i = 1:numRobots
waitbar(i/numRobots, progress, sprintf('正在为机器人 %d 规划路径...', i));
startPos = app.robots(i).start;
goalPos = app.robots(i).goal;
% Select algorithm
switch app.AlgorithmDropDown.Value
case '传统A*'
path = app.classicAStar(startPos, goalPos, xSize, ySize);
case '改进A*'
path = app.improvedAStar(startPos, goalPos, xSize, ySize, heuristicWeight, turnPenalty);
case '混合避碰策略'
% For multi-robot, need to consider other robots' paths
otherPaths = cell(1, numRobots);
for j = 1:numRobots
if j ~= i
otherPaths{j} = app.robots(j).path;
end
end
path = app.hybridCollisionAvoidance(i, startPos, goalPos, xSize, ySize, otherPaths);
end
app.robots(i).path = path;
% Calculate energy consumption for the path
app.robots(i).energy = app.calculateEnergyConsumption(path, load);
end
close(progress);
% Run simulation (animate movement along path)
app.animateSimulation();
% Update results
app.updateResults();
app.isSimulating = false;
app.RunSimulationButton.Text = '运行仿真';
end
% Button pushed function: ResetButton
function ResetButtonPushed(app, event)
app.isSimulating = false;
app.obstacles = [];
app.terrainData = [];
app.robots = struct();
app.updateMapPlot();
% Clear results
cla(app.PathPlot);
cla(app.EnergyPlot);
app.PathLengthLabel.Text = '路径长度: --';
app.TotalEnergyLabel.Text = '总能耗: --';
app.TurnCountLabel.Text = '转弯次数: --';
app.CompletionTimeLabel.Text = '完成时间: --';
end
% Helper function: Update map plot
function updateMapPlot(app)
cla(app.PathPlot);
xSize = app.mapSize(1);
ySize = app.mapSize(2);
% Plot terrain if available
if ~isempty(app.terrainData)
imagesc(app.PathPlot, app.terrainData);
colormap(app.PathPlot, [0.9 0.9 0.9; 1 1 0.8; 1 0.8 0.8; 1 0.6 0.6]); % 能耗从低到高
caxis(app.PathPlot, [1.0, 2.5]);
hold(app.PathPlot, 'on');
else
axis(app.PathPlot, [0 xSize 0 ySize]);
grid(app.PathPlot, 'on');
hold(app.PathPlot, 'on');
end
% Plot obstacles
for i = 1:size(app.obstacles, 1)
type = app.obstacles(i, 1);
x = app.obstacles(i, 2);
y = app.obstacles(i, 3);
if type == 1 % Rectangle
w = app.obstacles(i, 4);
h = app.obstacles(i, 5);
rectangle(app.PathPlot, 'Position', [x, y, w, h], 'FaceColor', 'k', 'EdgeColor', 'k');
else % Circle
r = app.obstacles(i, 4);
rectangle(app.PathPlot, 'Position', [x-r, y-r, 2*r, 2*r], 'Curvature', [1, 1], ...
'FaceColor', 'k', 'EdgeColor', 'k');
end
end
% Plot robot start and goal positions
numRobots = app.NumRobotsSpinner.Value;
colors = lines(numRobots);
for i = 1:numRobots
if isfield(app.robots, 'start') && ~isempty(app.robots(i).start)
plot(app.PathPlot, app.robots(i).start(1), app.robots(i).start(2), ...
'o', 'MarkerSize', 8, 'MarkerFaceColor', colors(i,:), 'DisplayName', sprintf('机器人%d起点', i));
plot(app.PathPlot, app.robots(i).goal(1), app.robots(i).goal(2), ...
's', 'MarkerSize', 8, 'MarkerFaceColor', colors(i,:), 'DisplayName', sprintf('机器人%d终点', i));
end
end
axis(app.PathPlot, 'equal');
xlabel(app.PathPlot, 'X坐标');
ylabel(app.PathPlot, 'Y坐标');
title(app.PathPlot, '路径规划场景');
hold(app.PathPlot, 'off');
end
% Helper function: Classic A* algorithm
function path = classicAStar(app, start, goal, xSize, ySize)
% 传统A*算法实现,以距离为主要代价
% 简化实现,完整版本应包含障碍检测和详细代价计算
path = [start; goal]; % 简化路径,实际应包含完整搜索过程
% 实际实现中应包含:
% 1. 开放列表和封闭列表管理
% 2. 邻居节点生成
% 3. 障碍碰撞检测
% 4. 代价计算(g: 已走距离, h: 启发距离)
% 5. 路径回溯
end
% Helper function: Improved A* algorithm with energy considerations
function path = improvedAStar(app, start, goal, xSize, ySize, heuristicWeight, turnPenalty)
% 改进A*算法,融合能耗和转向代价
% 简化实现,展示核心思想
% 生成示例路径(实际应通过完整算法搜索)
% 该路径会尽量减少转弯并避开高能耗区域
path = [];
current = start;
path = [path; current];
% 简单路径生成(实际应替换为完整算法)
while norm(current - goal) > 1.0
% 计算方向向量
dir = goal - current;
dir = dir / norm(dir);
% 随机扰动模拟避障
if rand < 0.2
dir = dir + 0.1*randn(1,2);
dir = dir / norm(dir);
end
% 下一步位置
current = current + 0.5*dir;
path = [path; current];
end
path = [path; goal];
end
% Helper function: Hybrid collision avoidance algorithm
function path = hybridCollisionAvoidance(app, robotIdx, start, goal, xSize, ySize, otherPaths)
% 混合避碰策略实现
% 先规划初始路径,再根据其他机器人路径调整
% 1. 生成初始路径
path = app.improvedAStar(start, goal, xSize, ySize, ...
app.HeuristicWeightSlider.Value, app.TurnPenaltySlider.Value);
% 2. 简单避碰调整(实际应包含时间窗和优先级判断)
adjusted = false;
for i = 1:length(otherPaths)
if ~isempty(otherPaths{i})
% 检测路径交叉
[~, collisionPoint] = app.detectPathCollision(path, otherPaths{i});
if ~isempty(collisionPoint)
% 简单调整: 绕开碰撞点
path = app.adjustPathAroundPoint(path, collisionPoint);
adjusted = true;
end
end
end
end
% Helper function: Detect path collision
function [collision, point] = detectPathCollision(path1, path2)
% 检测两条路径是否碰撞
collision = false;
point = [];
% 简化实现: 检查路径点是否接近
for i = 1:size(path1,1)
for j = 1:size(path2,1)
if norm(path1(i,:) - path2(j,:)) < 2.0
collision = true;
point = (path1(i,:) + path2(j,:))/2;
return;
end
end
end
end
% Helper function: Adjust path around a point
function adjustedPath = adjustPathAroundPoint(originalPath, point)
% 调整路径以绕开指定点
adjustedPath = originalPath;
% 找到接近碰撞点的路径段
for i = 1:size(originalPath,1)-1
p1 = originalPath(i,:);
p2 = originalPath(i+1,:);
if norm((p1 + p2)/2 - point) < 3.0
% 在路径段中间添加绕行点
midPoint = (p1 + p2)/2;
% 计算垂直方向
dir = p2 - p1;
perpDir = [-dir(2), dir(1)];
perpDir = perpDir / norm(perpDir);
% 添加绕行点
adjustedPath = [adjustedPath(1:i,:); midPoint + 2*perpDir; adjustedPath(i+1:end,:)];
break;
end
end
end
% Helper function: Calculate energy consumption
function energy = calculateEnergyConsumption(path, load)
% 计算路径的能耗
energy = 0;
if size(path,1) < 2
energy = 0;
return;
end
% 初始方向
prevDir = path(2,:) - path(1,:);
prevDir = prevDir / norm(prevDir);
for i = 2:size(path,1)
% 距离能耗: 与距离、负载和地形相关
segment = path(i,:) - path(i-1,:);
distance = norm(segment);
baseEnergy = distance * (1.0 + 0.1*load); % 基础能耗
% 转向能耗: 与转向角度相关
if i > 2
currDir = segment / distance;
angle = acos(dot(prevDir, currDir));
turnEnergy = 0.5 * angle * distance; % 转向能耗
prevDir = currDir;
else
turnEnergy = 0;
end
% 地形能耗: 假设简单地形因子
terrainFactor = 1.0 + 0.2*rand; % 随机模拟地形影响
segmentEnergy = (baseEnergy + turnEnergy) * terrainFactor;
energy = energy + segmentEnergy;
end
end
% Helper function: Animate simulation
function animateSimulation(app)
% 动画展示机器人沿路径运动
numRobots = app.NumRobotsSpinner.Value;
colors = lines(numRobots);
maxSteps = 0;
% 确定最大步数
for i = 1:numRobots
if length(app.robots(i).path) > maxSteps
maxSteps = length(app.robots(i).path);
end
end
% 初始化能量记录
energyHistory = cell(1, numRobots);
for i = 1:numRobots
energyHistory{i} = zeros(1, maxSteps);
end
% 动画循环
for step = 1:maxSteps
cla(app.PathPlot);
app.updateMapPlot(); % 重绘地图
hold(app.PathPlot, 'on');
% 更新每个机器人位置
for i = 1:numRobots
path = app.robots(i).path;
if step <= length(path)
pos = path(step,:);
app.robots(i).position = pos;
% 绘制已走路径
if step > 1
plot(app.PathPlot, path(1:step,1), path(1:step,2), ...
'Color', colors(i,:), 'LineWidth', 2);
end
% 绘制当前位置
plot(app.PathPlot, pos(1), pos(2), 'o', 'MarkerSize', 10, ...
'MarkerFaceColor', colors(i,:), 'DisplayName', sprintf('机器人%d', i));
% 计算到当前步骤的能耗
if step > 1
partialPath = path(1:step,:);
energyHistory{i}(step) = app.calculateEnergyConsumption(partialPath, app.LoadEditField.Value);
end
end
end
% 更新能量图
cla(app.EnergyPlot);
hold(app.EnergyPlot, 'on');
for i = 1:numRobots
plot(app.EnergyPlot, energyHistory{i}(1:step), 'Color', colors(i,:), ...
'LineWidth', 1.5, 'DisplayName', sprintf('机器人%d', i));
end
xlabel(app.EnergyPlot, '步骤');
ylabel(app.EnergyPlot, '累计能耗');
title(app.EnergyPlot, '能耗变化曲线');
legend(app.EnergyPlot, 'Location', 'best');
hold(app.PathPlot, 'off');
drawnow;
pause(0.1); % 控制动画速度
% 检查是否暂停
if ~app.isSimulating
break;
end
end
end
% Helper function: Update results display
function updateResults(app)
numRobots = app.NumRobotsSpinner.Value;
totalLength = 0;
totalEnergy = 0;
totalTurns = 0;
for i = 1:numRobots
path = app.robots(i).path;
% 计算路径长度
length = 0;
for j = 2:size(path,1)
length = length + norm(path(j,:) - path(j-1,:));
end
totalLength = totalLength + length;
% 累加总能耗
totalEnergy = totalEnergy + app.robots(i).energy;
% 计算转弯次数
turns = 0;
if size(path,1) > 3
prevDir = path(2,:) - path(1,:);
for j = 3:size(path,1)
currDir = path(j,:) - path(j-1,:);
angle = acos(dot(prevDir, currDir)/(norm(prevDir)*norm(currDir)));
if angle > 0.3 % 约17度以上视为转弯
turns = turns + 1;
end
prevDir = currDir;
end
end
totalTurns = totalTurns + turns;
end
% 更新结果标签
app.PathLengthLabel.Text = sprintf('路径总长度: %.2f m', totalLength);
app.TotalEnergyLabel.Text = sprintf('总能耗: %.2f J', totalEnergy);
app.TurnCountLabel.Text = sprintf('总转弯次数: %d', totalTurns);
app.CompletionTimeLabel.Text = sprintf('完成时间: %.2f s', totalLength * 0.5); % 假设平均速度2m/s
end
end
% Component initialization
methods (Access = private)
function createComponents(app)
% Create UIFigure and components
app.UIFigure = uifigure('Name', '能耗约束下移动机器人路径规划验证平台', 'Position', [100 100 1200 800]);
% Scenario Configuration Panel
app.ScenarioConfigurationPanel = uipanel(app.UIFigure, 'Title', '场景配置', 'Position', [10 10 350 200]);
app.MapSizeLabel = uilabel(app.ScenarioConfigurationPanel, 'Text', '地图大小 (m):', 'Position', [20 160 100 22]);
app.XSizeEditField = uieditfield(app.ScenarioConfigurationPanel, 'numeric', 'Value', 50, 'Position', [130 160 60 22]);
app.YSizeEditField = uieditfield(app.ScenarioConfigurationPanel, 'numeric', 'Value', 50, 'Position', [200 160 60 22]);
app.StaticObstaclesLabel = uilabel(app.ScenarioConfigurationPanel, 'Text', '静态障碍:', 'Position', [20 120 100 22]);
app.AddRectObstacleButton = uibutton(app.ScenarioConfigurationPanel, 'push', 'Text', '添加矩形', 'Position', [130 120 80 22], 'ButtonPushedFcn', @app.AddRectObstacleButtonPushed);
app.AddCircleObstacleButton = uibutton(app.ScenarioConfigurationPanel, 'push', 'Text', '添加圆形', 'Position', [220 120 80 22], 'ButtonPushedFcn', @app.AddCircleObstacleButtonPushed);
app.ClearObstaclesButton = uibutton(app.ScenarioConfigurationPanel, 'push', 'Text', '清除障碍', 'Position', [130 90 170 22], 'ButtonPushedFcn', @app.ClearObstaclesButtonPushed);
app.TerrainTypeLabel = uilabel(app.ScenarioConfigurationPanel, 'Text', '地形类型:', 'Position', [20 50 100 22]);
app.TerrainTypeDropDown = uidropdown(app.ScenarioConfigurationPanel, 'Items', {'平坦地形', '斜坡地形', '复杂地形'}, 'Position', [130 50 170 22], 'ValueChangedFcn', @app.TerrainTypeDropDownValueChanged);
% Robot Parameters Panel
app.RobotParametersPanel = uipanel(app.UIFigure, 'Title', '机器人参数', 'Position', [10 220 350 200]);
app.NumRobotsLabel = uilabel(app.RobotParametersPanel, 'Text', '机器人数量:', 'Position', [20 160 100 22]);
app.NumRobotsSpinner = uispinner(app.RobotParametersPanel, 'Value', 1, 'Min', 1, 'Max', 10, 'Position', [130 160 60 22], 'ValueChangedFcn', @app.NumRobotsSpinnerValueChanged);
app.StartPointLabel = uilabel(app.RobotParametersPanel, 'Text', '起点坐标:', 'Position', [20 120 100 22]);
app.StartXEditField = uieditfield(app.RobotParametersPanel, 'numeric', 'Value', 5, 'Position', [130 120 60 22]);
app.StartYEditField = uieditfield(app.RobotParametersPanel, 'numeric', 'Value', 5, 'Position', [200 120 60 22]);
app.GoalPointLabel = uilabel(app.RobotParametersPanel, 'Text', '终点坐标:', 'Position', [20 80 100 22]);
app.GoalXEditField = uieditfield(app.RobotParametersPanel, 'numeric', 'Value', 45, 'Position', [130 80 60 22]);
app.GoalYEditField = uieditfield(app.RobotParametersPanel, 'numeric', 'Value', 45, 'Position', [200 80 60 22]);
app.LoadLabel = uilabel(app.RobotParametersPanel, 'Text', '负载 (kg):', 'Position', [20 40 100 22]);
app.LoadEditField = uieditfield(app.RobotParametersPanel, 'numeric', 'Value', 5, 'Position', [130 40 60 22]);
% Algorithm Selection Panel
app.AlgorithmSelectionPanel = uipanel(app.UIFigure, 'Title', '算法选择与参数', 'Position', [10 430 350 150]);
app.AlgorithmLabel = uilabel(app.AlgorithmSelectionPanel, 'Text', '规划算法:', 'Position', [20 110 100 22]);
app.AlgorithmDropDown = uidropdown(app.AlgorithmSelectionPanel, 'Items', {'传统A*', '改进A*', '混合避碰策略'}, 'Value', '改进A*', 'Position', [130 110 170 22]);
app.HeuristicWeightLabel = uilabel(app.AlgorithmSelectionPanel, 'Text', '启发函数权重:', 'Position', [20 70 100 22]);
app.HeuristicWeightSlider = uislider(app.AlgorithmSelectionPanel, 'Value', 1.0, 'Min', 0.5, 'Max', 2.0, 'Position', [130 70 170 22]);
app.TurnPenaltyLabel = uilabel(app.AlgorithmSelectionPanel, 'Text', '转向惩罚系数:', 'Position', [20 30 100 22]);
app.TurnPenaltySlider = uislider(app.AlgorithmSelectionPanel, 'Value', 1.0, 'Min', 0, 'Max', 5.0, 'Position', [130 30 170 22]);
% Simulation Panel
app.SimulationPanel = uipanel(app.UIFigure, 'Title', '仿真控制', 'Position', [10 590 350 100]);
app.RunSimulationButton = uibutton(app.SimulationPanel, 'push', 'Text', '运行仿真', 'Position', [40 50 100 30], 'ButtonPushedFcn', @app.RunSimulationButtonPushed);
app.PauseButton = uibutton(app.SimulationPanel, 'push', 'Text', '暂停', 'Position', [150 50 100 30]);
app.ResetButton = uibutton(app.SimulationPanel, 'push', 'Text', '重置', 'Position', [260 50 70 30], 'ButtonPushedFcn', @app.ResetButtonPushed);
% Results Panel
app.ResultsPanel = uipanel(app.UIFigure, 'Title', '仿真结果', 'Position', [370 10 820 780]);
app.PathPlot = uiaxes(app.ResultsPanel, 'Position', [30 400 760 350]);
app.EnergyPlot = uiaxes(app.ResultsPanel, 'Position', [30 200 760 180]);
app.MetricsLabel = uilabel(app.ResultsPanel, 'Text', '性能指标:', 'Position', [30 170 100 22]);
app.PathLengthLabel = uilabel(app.ResultsPanel, 'Text', '路径长度: --', 'Position', [30 140 200 22]);
app.TotalEnergyLabel = uilabel(app.ResultsPanel, 'Text', '总能耗: --', 'Position', [30 110 200 22]);
app.TurnCountLabel = uilabel(app.ResultsPanel, 'Text', '转弯次数: --', 'Position', [30 80 200 22]);
app.CompletionTimeLabel = uilabel(app.ResultsPanel, 'Text', '完成时间: --', 'Position', [30 50 200 22]);
end
end
% App creation and deletion
methods (Access = public)
function app = energy_constrained_path_planner
% Create UIFigure and components
app.createComponents();
% Register the app with MATLAB
registerApp(app, app.UIFigure);
if nargout == 0
clear app;
end
end
function delete(app)
% Delete UIFigure when app is deleted
delete(app.UIFigure);
end
end
end

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