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Calculate a+b and output the sum in standard format -- that is, the digits must be separated into groups of three by commas (unless there are less than four digits). Input Specification: Each input ...

A long-distance telephone company charges its customers by the following rules: Making a long-distance call costs a certain amount per minute, depending on the time of day when the call is made. When...

Suppose a bank has K windows open for service. There is a yellow line in front of the windows which devides the waiting area into two parts. All the customers have to wait in line behind the yellow li...

A number that will be the same when it is written forwards or backwards is known as a Palindromic Number. For example, 1234321 is a palindromic number. All single digit numbers are palindromic numbers...

A graph which is connected and acyclic can be considered a tree. The hight of the tree depends on the selected root. Now you are supposed to find the root that results in a highest tree. Such a root i...

There is a public bike service in Hangzhou City which provides great convenience to the tourists from all over the world. One may rent a bike at any station and return it to any other stations in the ...

A Digital Library contains millions of books, stored according to their titles, authors, key words of their abstracts, publishers, and published years. Each book is assigned an unique 7-digit number a...

A number that will be the same when it is written forwards or backwards is known as aPalindromic Number. For example, 1234321 is a palindromic number. All single digit numbers are palindromic numbers...

Notice that the number 123456789 is a 9-digit number consisting exactly the numbers from 1 to 9, with no duplication. Double it we will obtain 246913578, which happens to be another 9-digit number con...

Suppose that all the keys in a binary tree are distinct positive integers. Given the postorder and inorder traversal sequences, you are supposed to output the level order traversal sequence of the cor...

To evaluate the performance of our first year CS majored students, we consider their grades of three courses only: C - C Programming Language, M - Mathematics (Calculus or Linear Algrbra), and E - Eng...

A reversible prime in any number system is a prime whose "reverse" in that number system is also a prime. For example in the decimal system 73 is a reversible prime because its reverse 37 is also a pr...

A family hierarchy is usually presented by a pedigree tree. Your job is to count those family members who have no child. Input Specification: Each input file contains one test case. Each case starts...

Given a non-negative integer N, your task is to compute the sum of all the digits of N, and output every digit of the sum in English. Input Specification: Each input file contains one test case. Eac...

Given a sequence of K integers { N​1​​, N​2​​, ..., N​K​​ }. A continuous subsequence is defined to be { N​i​​, N​i+1​​, ..., N​j​​ } where 1≤i≤j≤K. The Maximum Subsequence is the continuous subsequen...

This time, you are supposed to find A×B where A and B are two polynomials. Input Specification: Each input file contains one test case. Each case occupies 2 lines, and each line contains the informa...

As an emergency rescue team leader of a city, you are given a special map of your country. The map shows several scattered cities connected by some roads. Amount of rescue teams in each city and the l...

This time, you are supposed to find A+B where A and B are two polynomials. Input Specification: Each input file contains one test case. Each case occupies 2 lines, and each line contains the informa...

It is vitally important to have all the cities connected by highways in a war. If a city is occupied by the enemy, all the highways from/toward that city are closed. We must know immediately if we nee...

Given a pair of positive integers, for example, 6 and 110, can this equation 6 = 110 be true? The answer is yes, if 6 is a decimal number and 110 is a binary number. Now for any pair of positive inte...

Suppose a bank has N windows open for service. There is a yellow line in front of the windows which devides the waiting area into two parts. The rules for the customers to wait in line are: The space...

Programming Ability Test (PAT) is organized by the College of Computer Science and Technology of Zhejiang University. Each test is supposed to run simultaneously in several places, and the ranklists w...