18、基于算法融合的移动机器人路径规划

基于算法融合的移动机器人路径规划

1. 人工势场与A*融合的路径规划

在多障碍物区域,机器人受到的组合斥力 $F_{rep}$ 由两部分组成,即 $F_{rep}=F_{rep1}+F_{rep2}$ ,其中 $F_{rep2}$ 的计算公式如下:
[
F_{rep2}(R)=-\nabla U_{rep2}(R)=
\begin{cases}
k_{rep2}(\frac{1}{\rho(R, R_{obs2})}-\frac{1}{\rho_2})\frac{1}{\rho^2(R, R_{obs2})}\nabla\rho(R, R_{obs2}), & \rho(R, R_{obs2})\leq\rho_2 \
0, & \rho(R, R_{obs2})>\rho_2
\end{cases}
]
这里,$k_{rep2}$ 是正比例因子,$R_{obs2}=(x_{obs2}, y_{obs2})$ 是障碍物的位置,$\rho(R, R_{obs2})$ 是机器人与障碍物之间的距离,$\rho_2$ 表示障碍物的影响距离。

使用这种方法,不仅可以提高局部路径规划的效率,还能有效减少人工势场法产生的局部极小点问题,使机器人能够快速安全地穿越多障碍物区域。当机器人到达目标点所在的网格时,将不再受周围环境的影响,而是受到目标端点对它的吸引力,从而解决了障碍物附近目标点不可达的问题。

  • 运动控制约束
    在通过上述局部路径规划生成机器人运动的角速度和线速度后,运动控制模块将获得的线速度和角速度转换为移动机器人左右轮的速度

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