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What is Arduino?

Arduino 是一个基于易用硬件和软件的开源电子平台。Arduino 板能够读取输入（光传感器、按在按钮上的手指或 Twitter 消息），并将其转化为输出（激活电机、打开 LED、在网上发布信息）。你可以向电路板上的微控制器发送一组指令，告诉电路板该做什么。为此，你需要使用 Arduino 编程语言（基于 Wiring）和基于 Processing 的 Arduino 软件（IDE）。

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming language (based on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing.

多年来，从日常用品到复杂的科学仪器，Arduino 已成为数以千计项目的大脑。围绕着这个开源平台，一个由学生、业余爱好者、艺术家、程序员和专业人士组成的全球创客社区已经聚集在一起，他们的贡献汇聚成了大量可获取的知识，对新手和专家都有极大的帮助。

Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from everyday objects to complex scientific instruments. A worldwide community of makers - students, hobbyists, artists, programmers, and professionals - has gathered around this open-source platform, their contributions have added up to an incredible amount of accessible knowledge that can be of great help to novices and experts alike.

Arduino 诞生于伊夫雷亚交互设计学院，是一种用于快速制作原型的简易工具，面向没有电子和编程背景的学生。Arduino 板一进入更广泛的社区，就开始不断变化，以适应新的需求和挑战，使其产品从简单的 8 位板发展到物联网应用、可穿戴设备、3D 打印和嵌入式环境产品。

Arduino was born at the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute as an easy tool for fast prototyping, aimed at students without a background in electronics and programming. As soon as it reached a wider community, the Arduino board started changing to adapt to new needs and challenges, differentiating its offer from simple 8-bit boards to products for IoT applications, wearable, 3D printing, and embedded environments.

Why Arduino?

凭借其简单易用的用户体验，Arduino 已被用于数以千计的不同项目和应用中。Arduino 软件对初学者来说简单易用，对高级用户来说又足够灵活。它可在 Mac、Windows 和 Linux 上运行。教师和学生用它来制作低成本的科学仪器，证明化学和物理原理，或开始学习编程和机器人技术。设计师和建筑师用它制作互动原型，音乐家和艺术家用它制作装置和尝试新的乐器。当然，创客们也用它来制作许多在创客嘉年华（Maker Faire）上展出的项目。Arduino 是学习新事物的重要工具。任何人--儿童、业余爱好者、艺术家、程序员--都可以按照工具包上的步骤说明开始修补，或者在网上与 Arduino 社区的其他成员分享想法。

Thanks to its simple and accessible user experience, Arduino has been used in thousands of different projects and applications. The Arduino software is easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users. It runs on Mac, Windows, and Linux. Teachers and students use it to build low cost scientific instruments, to prove chemistry and physics principles, or to get started with programming and robotics. Designers and architects build interactive prototypes, musicians and artists use it for installations and to experiment with new musical instruments. Makers, of course, use it to build many of the projects exhibited at the Maker Faire, for example. Arduino is a key tool to learn new things. Anyone - children, hobbyists, artists, programmers - can start tinkering just following the step by step instructions of a kit, or sharing ideas online with other members of the Arduino community.

还有许多其他微控制器和微控制器平台可用于物理计算。Parallax Basic Stamp、Netmedia 的 BX-24、Phidgets、麻省理工学院的 Handyboard 以及其他许多产品都提供类似的功能。所有这些工具都将微控制器编程的繁琐细节打包成一个易于使用的软件包。Arduino 也简化了使用微控制器的过程，但与其他系统相比，它为教师、学生和感兴趣的业余爱好者提供了一些优势：

There are many other microcontrollers and microcontroller platforms available for physical computing. Parallax Basic Stamp, Netmedia's BX-24, Phidgets, MIT's Handyboard, and many others offer similar functionality. All of these tools take the messy details of microcontroller programming and wrap it up in an easy-to-use package. Arduino also simplifies the process of working with microcontrollers, but it offers some advantage for teachers, students, and interested amateurs over other systems:

* 价格低廉 - 与其他微控制器平台相比，Arduino 板的价格相对低廉。最便宜的 Arduino 模块可以手工组装，即使是预组装的 Arduino 模块，价格也不到 50 美元。

* Inexpensive - Arduino boards are relatively inexpensive compared to other microcontroller platforms. The least expensive version of the Arduino module can be assembled by hand, and even the pre-assembled Arduino modules cost less than $50

* 跨平台 - Arduino 软件（集成开发环境）可在 Windows、Macintosh OSX 和 Linux 操作系统上运行。大多数微控制器系统仅限于 Windows。

* Cross-platform - The Arduino Software (IDE) runs on Windows, Macintosh OSX, and Linux operating systems. Most microcontroller systems are limited to Windows.

* 简单明了的编程环境--Arduino 软件 (IDE) 对于初学者来说简单易用，但对于高级用户来说也足够灵活。对于教师而言，它基于 Processing 编程环境，因此在该环境下学习编程的学生将熟悉 Arduino IDE 的工作方式。

* Simple, clear programming environment - The Arduino Software (IDE) is easy-to-use for beginners, yet flexible enough for advanced users to take advantage of as well. For teachers, it's conveniently based on the Processing programming environment, so students learning to program in that environment will be familiar with how the Arduino IDE works.

* 开放源代码和可扩展软件--Arduino 软件作为开放源代码工具发布，供有经验的程序员进行扩展。该语言可通过 C++ 库进行扩展，想要了解技术细节的人可以从 Arduino 升级到 AVR C 编程语言，因为该语言是 Arduino 的基础。同样，如果你愿意，也可以将 AVR-C 代码直接添加到你的 Arduino 程序中。

* Open source and extensible software - The Arduino software is published as open source tools, available for extension by experienced programmers. The language can be expanded through C++ libraries, and people wanting to understand the technical details can make the leap from Arduino to the AVR C programming language on which it's based. Similarly, you can add AVR-C code directly into your Arduino programs if you want to.

* 开放源代码和可扩展硬件--Arduino 电路板的设计图是根据知识共享许可协议发布的，因此有经验的电路设计师可以制作自己版本的模块，对其进行扩展和改进。即使是相对缺乏经验的用户也可以制作该模块的面包板版本，以了解其工作原理并节省成本。

* Open source and extensible hardware - The plans of the Arduino boards are published under a Creative Commons license, so experienced circuit designers can make their own version of the module, extending it and improving it. Even relatively inexperienced users can build the breadboard version of the module in order to understand how it works and save money.