学习精彩网络技术老师:华为HCIA和HCIP数通eNSP实战视频课
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介绍OSPF负载分担的配置过程,包括使能负载分担功能、配置等价路由的优先级和负载分担方式。
组网需求
如图1所示:
RouterA、RouterB、RouterC、RouterD和RouterE之间通过OSPF协议达到IP网络互连的目的。
RouterA、RouterB、RouterC、RouterD和RouterE同属于区域0。
要求配置负载分担,使得RouterA的流量,可以分别通过RouterC和RouterD发送到RouterE。
Device | Interface | IP Address | Device | Interface | IP Address |
RouterA | POS1/0/0 | 10.1.1.1/24 | RouterC | POS1/0/0 | 10.1.2.2/24 |
POS2/0/0 | 10.1.2.1/24 | POS2/0/0 | 192.168.1.1/24 | ||
POS3/0/0 | 10.1.3.1/24 | RouterD | POS1/0/0 | 10.1.3.2/24 | |
GE4/0/0 | 172.16.1.1./24 | POS2/0/0 | 192.168.2.1/24 | ||
RouterB | POS1/0/0 | 10.1.1.2/24 | RouterE | POS1/0/0 | 192.168.0.2/24 |
POS2/0/0 | 192.168.1.2/24 | ||||
POS2/0/0 | 192.168.0.1/24 | POS3/0/0 | 192.168.2.2/24 | ||
GE4/0/0 | 172.17.1.1/24 |
配置思路
采用如下的思路配置OSPF的负载分担:
在各路由器上使能OSPF基本功能,实现互连。
在RouterA上配置负载分担功能。
在RouterA上配置等价路由的优先级。
数据准备
为完成此配置例,需准备如下的数据:
RouterA的Router ID 1.1.1.1,运行的OSPF进程号1,区域0的网段10.1.1.0/24、10.1.2.0/24、10.1.3.0/24和172.16.1.0/24。
RouterB的Router ID 2.2.2.2,运行的OSPF进程号1,区域0的网段10.1.1.0/8和192.168.0.0/8。
RouterC的Router ID 3.3.3.3,运行的OSPF进程号1,区域0的网段10.1.2.0/8和192.168.1.0/8。
RouterD的Router ID 4.4.4.4,运行的OSPF进程号1,区域0的网段10.1.3.0/8和192.168.2.0/8。
RouterE的Router ID 5.5.5.5,运行的OSPF进程号1,区域0的网段192.168.0.0/24、192.168.1.0/24、192.168.2.0/24和172.17.1.0/24。
RouterA上负载分担数目为2。
从RouterA到RouterB、RouterC和RouterD的下一跳路由的权重值分别为2、1和1。
操作步骤
- 配置各接口的IP地址(略)
- 配置OSPF的基本功能(略)
- 查看RouterA的路由表
<RouterA> display ip routing-tableRoute Flags: R - relay, D - download
to fib
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 12 Routes : 14
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.1 Pos1/0/0
10.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.2 Pos1/0/0
10.1.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.2.1 Pos2/0/0
10.1.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.2.2 Pos2/0/0
10.1.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.2.1 Pos3/0/0
10.1.3.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.2.2 Pos3/0/0
192.168.0.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.1.2 Pos1/0/0
192.168.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.2.2 Pos2/0/0
192.168.2.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.2.2 Pos3/0/0
172.17.1.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 10.1.1.2 Pos1/0/0
OSPF 10 3 D 10.1.2.2 Pos2/0/0
OSPF 10 3 D 10.1.3.2 Pos3/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
- 在RouterA上配置最多允许两条路由进行负载分担
[RouterA] ospf 1
[RouterA-ospf-1] maximum load-balancing 2
[RouterA-ospf-1] quit
# 查看RouterA的路由表,可以看出,RouterA只有两个下一跳10.1.1.2(RouterB)和10.1.2.2(RouterC)成为有效路由。这是因为配置了等价路由条数的最大数量为2。
[RouterA] display ip routing-tableRoute Flags: R - relay, D - download
to fib
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 12 Routes : 13
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.1 Pos1/0/0
10.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.2 Pos1/0/0
10.1.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.2.1 Pos2/0/0
10.1.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.2.2 Pos2/0/0
10.1.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.2.1 Pos3/0/0
10.1.3.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.2.2 Pos3/0/0
192.168.0.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.1.2 Pos1/0/0
192.168.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.2.2 Pos2/0/0
192.168.2.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.2.2 Pos3/0/0
172.17.1.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 10.1.1.2 Pos1/0/0
OSPF 10 3 D 10.1.2.2 Pos2/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
- 在RouterA上配置等价路由的优先级
[RouterA] ospf 1
[RouterA-ospf-1] nexthop 10.1.1.2 weight 2
[RouterA-ospf-1] nexthop 10.1.2.2 weight 1
[RouterA-ospf-1] nexthop 10.1.3.2 weight 1
[RouterA-ospf-1] quit
# 查看RouterA的路由表。
[RouterA] display ip routing-tableRoute Flags: R - relay, D - download
to fib
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 12 Routes : 13
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.1 Pos1/0/0
10.1.1.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.1.2 Pos1/0/0
10.1.2.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.2.1 Pos2/0/0
10.1.2.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.2.2 Pos2/0/0
10.1.3.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.2.1 Pos3/0/0
10.1.3.2/32 Direct 0 0 D 10.1.2.2 Pos3/0/0
192.168.0.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.1.2 Pos1/0/0
192.168.1.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.2.2 Pos2/0/0
192.168.2.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.2.2 Pos3/0/0
172.17.1.0/24 OSPF 10 3 D 10.1.2.2 Pos2/0/0
OSPF 10 3 D 10.1.3.2 Pos3/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
从路由表可以看出,由于下一跳地址为10.1.2.2和10.1.3.2的路由的优先级高于下一跳地址为10.1.1.2的路由,因此RouterA只有两个下一跳10.1.2.2(RouterC)和10.1.3.2(RouterD)成为有效路由。
配置文件
RouterA的配置文件
#
sysname RouterA
#
interface GigabitEthernet4/0/0
undo shutdown
ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface pos1/0/0
link-protocol ppp
undo shutdown
ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface pos2/0/0
link-protocol ppp
undo shutdown
ip address 10.1.2.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface pos3/0/0
link-protocol ppp
undo shutdown
ip address 10.1.3.1 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1
maximum load-balancing 2
nexthop 10.1.1.2 weight 2
nexthop 10.1.2.2 weight 1
nexthop 10.1.3.2 weight 1
area 0.0.0.0
network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 10.1.2.0 0.0.0.255
network 10.1.3.0 0.0.0.255
network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255
#
return
RouterB的配置文件
#
sysname RouterB
#
interface pos1/0/0
link-protocol ppp
undo shutdown
ip address 10.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface pos2/0/0
link-protocol ppp
undo shutdown
ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
area 0.0.0.0
network 10.1.1.0 0.255.255.255
network 192.168.0.0 0.255.255.255
#
return
RouterC的配置文件
#
sysname RouterC
#
interface pos1/0/0
undo shutdown
link-protocol ppp
ip address 10.1.2.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface pos2/0/0
link-protocol ppp
undo shutdown
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
area 0.0.0.0
network 10.1.2.0 0.255.255.255
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.255.255
#
return
RouterD的配置文件
#
sysname RouterD
#
interface pos1/0/0
link-protocol ppp
undo shutdown
ip address 10.1.3.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface pos2/0/0
link-protocol ppp
undo shutdown
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
area 0.0.0.0
network 10.1.3.0 0.255.255.255
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.255.255
#
return
RouterE的配置文件
#
sysname RouterE
#
interface GigabitEthernet4/0/0
undo shutdown
ip address 172.17.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface pos1/0/0
link-protocol ppp
undo shutdown
ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface pos2/0/0
link-protocol ppp
undo shutdown
ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface pos3/0/0
link-protocol ppp
undo shutdown
ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5
area 0.0.0.0
network 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
network 172.17.1.0 0.0.0.255
#
return