英语语言变化研究:从目标导向运动表达看进行时态的发展
1. 目标导向运动表达的语义与语法化
1.1 目标导向运动的语义编码
在英语表达中,一些句子体现了目标导向运动的语义。例如,“All the money will go to the Schools to buy extra equipment for the children” 和 “We are going up as [sic] group to try to get tickets from the ground” ,这些句子不仅包含了字面意义上的运动(如 “will go” 表示金钱的转移,“are going up” 表示离开当前位置),还暗示了目标的达成(“to buy extra equipment for the children” 表示资助一项活动,“to get tickets from the ground” 表示购买门票)。
如果去掉这些句子中关于转移的实际目的地或运动方向的表述,如 “All the money will go […] to buy extra equipment for the children” 和 “We are going […] to try to get tickets from the ground” ,不定式结构则更明显地只编码了事件朝着特定目标的方向,动词也可用于更广泛地表达 “促成” 和 “有意做” 的概念,例如 “and there are too many factors that go to make up a great marathon runner” 和 “We are going to teach them how to get through
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