穿孔纸带 Punched tape

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-12 10:14:20 发布

涛歌依旧

最新推荐文章于 2022-10-12 10:14:20 发布

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分类专栏： s4: 科技人文

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穿孔纸带是一种早期的数据存储形式，用于20世纪的电信、计算机和自动化设备。起源于18世纪的纺织机械，经过多次改进，如Jacquard织布机。穿孔纸带在通信、小型计算机、ROM和EPROM编程、现金 register、新闻行业和自动化设备中有广泛应用。尽管因可靠性、重绕困难和低信息密度而逐渐淘汰，但其持久性和在无磁场环境中存储数据的能力使其在某些领域仍有使用，尤其是在军事和复古计算机爱好者的圈子中。

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Punched tape or perforated paper tape is a form of data storage, consisting of a long strip of paper in which holes are punched to store data. Now effectively obsolete, it was widely used during much of the twentieth century for teleprintercommunication, for input to computers of the 1950s and 1960s, and later as a storage medium for minicomputers and CNC machine tools.

Origin[edit]

A paper tape, constructed from punched cards, in use in a Jacquard loom. The large holes on each edge are sprocket holes, used to pull the paper tape through the loom.

Paper tapes constructed from punched cards were widely used throughout the 19th century for controlling looms. Perforated paper tapes were first used byBasile Bouchon in 1725 to control looms. However, the paper tapes were expensive to create, fragile, and difficult to repair. By 1801 Joseph Marie Jacquard had developed machines to create paper tapes by tying punched cards in a sequence. The resulting paper tape, also called a "chain of cards", was stronger and simpler both to create and to repair. (See Jacquard loom).

This led to the concept of communicating data not as a stream of individual cards, but one "continuous card", or a tape. Many professional embroidery operations still refer to those individuals who create the designs and machine patterns as "punchers", even though punched cards and paper tape were eventually phased out, after many years of use, in the 1990s.

In 1846,