zynq使用简单I/O对Flash进行读写测试

硬件环境：ALINX 7020
ZYNQ的QSPI Flash 控制器有以下三种模式：I/O 模式、线性地址模式，以及传统 SPI 模式。

I/O模式

操作特点：在I/O模式下，软件模拟去实现 Flash 器件的通信协议。软件需要将 Flash 命令和数据写到控制器中的 TXD寄存器中，然后将接收到的数据从 RXD 寄存器中读出。软件与闪存设备协议紧密交互，命令、地址和数据都需要根据SPI Flash的数据手册规定，由用户软件组织并写入FIFO中。QSPI控制器负责将这些数据串行化后通过总线发出。
应用场景：这种模式适合对Flash操作有高级控制需求的情况，如需要优化命令序列或处理复杂的读写操作。

线性地址模式

操作特点：在线性地址模式下，QSPI控制器使用AXI接口进行数据交互，可以无需软件开销地读取Flash，且能够支持高达32MB的线性地址空间。这一模式下，数据传输更为高效，尤其在读取大量数据时。但是该模式只支持读操作，不支持写操作。
应用场景：适合于数据密集型应用，如需要快速读取大型数据文件或代码库。

传统SPI模式

操作特点：在传统SPI模式下，QSPI控制器操作如同一个标准的SPI控制器，与一个或两个闪存设备接口，支持单个从器件模式、双从器件并行模式和双从器件堆叠模式。这种模式简化了电路设计，降低了系统成本。
应用场景：适用于对传输速度要求不高，但需要简化硬件设计的场合。

由系统框图可知，flash控制器通过MIO和Flash器件相连接，可以支持单个从器件，双从器件并行和双从器件堆模式。有两种类型的接口：AXI 接口和 APB 接口。其中 AXI 接口用于线性地址模式，而 APB 接口用于 I/O 模式。

在 I/O 模式下，软件需要把命令和数据转化成 QSPI Flash 协议下的指令，转换之后的指令将被写入 Tx FIFO。然后发送逻辑将 Tx FIFO 中的内容按照 QSPI 接口规范进行并串转换，最后通过 MIO 将转换后的数据送到 Flash 存储器中。在发送逻辑将 Tx FIFO 中的数据发送出去的同时，接收逻辑会采样所发送的串行数据，进行串并转换后存储到 Rx FIFO 里面。

#include "xparameters.h"	/* SDK generated parameters */
#include "xqspips.h"		/* QSPI device driver */
#include "xil_printf.h"

#define QSPI_DEVICE_ID		XPAR_XQSPIPS_0_DEVICE_ID

//发送到FLASH器件的指令
#define WRITE_STATUS_CMD	0x01
#define WRITE_CMD			0x02
#define READ_CMD			0x03
#define WRITE_DISABLE_CMD	0x04
#define READ_STATUS_CMD		0x05
#define WRITE_ENABLE_CMD	0x06
#define FAST_READ_CMD		0x0B
#define DUAL_READ_CMD		0x3B
#define QUAD_READ_CMD		0x6B
#define BULK_ERASE_CMD		0xC7
#define	SEC_ERASE_CMD		0xD8
#define READ_ID				0x9F

//FLASH BUFFER中各数据的偏移量
#define COMMAND_OFFSET		0 // FLASH instruction
#define ADDRESS_1_OFFSET	1 // MSB byte of address to read or write
#define ADDRESS_2_OFFSET	2 // Middle byte of address to read or write
#define ADDRESS_3_OFFSET	3 // LSB byte of address to read or write
#define DATA_OFFSET			4 // Start of Data for Read/Write
#define DUMMY_OFFSET		4 // Dummy byte offset for reads

#define DUMMY_SIZE			1 // Number of dummy bytes for reads
#define RD_ID_SIZE			4 // Read ID command + 3 bytes ID response
#define BULK_ERASE_SIZE		1 // Bulk Erase command size
#define SEC_ERASE_SIZE		4 // Sector Erase command + Sector address

#define OVERHEAD_SIZE		4 // control information: command and address

#define SECTOR_SIZE			0x10000
#define NUM_SECTORS			0x100
#define NUM_PAGES			0x10000
#define PAGE_SIZE			256

/* Number of flash pages to be written.*/
#define PAGE_COUNT		16

/* Flash address to which data is to be written.*/
#define TEST_ADDRESS	0x00055000
#define UNIQUE_VALUE	0x05

#define MAX_DATA		(PAGE_COUNT * PAGE_SIZE)

void FlashErase(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount);
void FlashWrite(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount, u8 Command);
void FlashRead(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount, u8 Command);
int  FlashReadID(void);
void FlashQuadEnable(XQspiPs *QspiPtr);
int  QspiFlashPolledExample(XQspiPs *QspiInstancePtr, u16 QspiDeviceId);

static XQspiPs QspiInstance;

int Test = 5;

u8 ReadBuffer[MAX_DATA + DATA_OFFSET + DUMMY_SIZE];
u8 WriteBuffer[PAGE_SIZE + DATA_OFFSET];

int main(void)
{
	int Status;

	xil_printf("QSPI FLASH Polled Example Test \r\n");

	/* Run the Qspi Interrupt example.*/
	Status = QspiFlashPolledExample(&QspiInstance, QSPI_DEVICE_ID);
	if (Status != XST_SUCCESS) {
		xil_printf("QSPI FLASH Polled Example Test Failed\r\n");
		return XST_FAILURE;
	}

	xil_printf("Successfully ran QSPI FLASH Polled Example Test\r\n");
	return XST_SUCCESS;
}

int QspiFlashPolledExample(XQspiPs *QspiInstancePtr, u16 QspiDeviceId)
{
	int Status;
	u8 *BufferPtr;
	u8 UniqueValue;
	int Count;
	int Page;
	XQspiPs_Config *QspiConfig;

	//初始化QSPI驱动
	QspiConfig = XQspiPs_LookupConfig(QspiDeviceId);
	XQspiPs_CfgInitialize(QspiInstancePtr, QspiConfig, QspiConfig->BaseAddress);
	//初始化读写BUFFER
	for (UniqueValue = UNIQUE_VALUE, Count = 0; Count < PAGE_SIZE;
	     Count++, UniqueValue++) {
		WriteBuffer[DATA_OFFSET + Count] = (u8)(UniqueValue + Test);
	}
	memset(ReadBuffer, 0x00, sizeof(ReadBuffer));

	//设置手动启动和手动片选模式
	XQspiPs_SetOptions(QspiInstancePtr, XQSPIPS_MANUAL_START_OPTION |
			XQSPIPS_FORCE_SSELECT_OPTION |
			XQSPIPS_HOLD_B_DRIVE_OPTION);
	//设置QSPI时钟的分频系数
	XQspiPs_SetClkPrescaler(QspiInstancePtr, XQSPIPS_CLK_PRESCALE_8);
	//片选信号置为有效
	XQspiPs_SetSlaveSelect(QspiInstancePtr);
	//读FLASH ID
	FlashReadID();
	//使能FLASH Quad模式
	FlashQuadEnable(QspiInstancePtr);
	//擦除FLASH
	FlashErase(QspiInstancePtr, TEST_ADDRESS, MAX_DATA);
	//向FLASH中写入数据
	for (Page = 0; Page < PAGE_COUNT; Page++) {
		FlashWrite(QspiInstancePtr, (Page * PAGE_SIZE) + TEST_ADDRESS,
			   PAGE_SIZE, WRITE_CMD);
	}
	//使用QUAD模式从FLASH中读出数据
	FlashRead(QspiInstancePtr, TEST_ADDRESS, MAX_DATA, QUAD_READ_CMD);

	//对比写入FLASH与从FLASH中读出的数据
	BufferPtr = &ReadBuffer[DATA_OFFSET + DUMMY_SIZE];
	for (UniqueValue = UNIQUE_VALUE, Count = 0; Count < MAX_DATA;
	     Count++, UniqueValue++) {
		if (BufferPtr[Count] != (u8)(UniqueValue + Test)) {
			return XST_FAILURE;
		}
	}

	return XST_SUCCESS;
}

/*****************************************************************************/
/**
*
* This function writes to the  serial FLASH connected to the QSPI interface.
* All the data put into the buffer must be in the same page of the device with
* page boundaries being on 256 byte boundaries.
*
* @param	QspiPtr is a pointer to the QSPI driver component to use.
* @param	Address contains the address to write data to in the FLASH.
* @param	ByteCount contains the number of bytes to write.
* @param	Command is the command used to write data to the flash. QSPI
*		device supports only Page Program command to write data to the
*		flash.
*
* @return	None.
*
* @note		None.
*
******************************************************************************/
void FlashWrite(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount, u8 Command)
{
	u8 WriteEnableCmd = { WRITE_ENABLE_CMD };
	u8 ReadStatusCmd[] = { READ_STATUS_CMD, 0 };  /* must send 2 bytes */
	u8 FlashStatus[2];

	/*
	 * Send the write enable command to the FLASH so that it can be
	 * written to, this needs to be sent as a seperate transfer before
	 * the write
	 */
	XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL,
				sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));


	/*
	 * Setup the write command with the specified address and data for the
	 * FLASH
	 */
	WriteBuffer[COMMAND_OFFSET]   = Command;
	WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_1_OFFSET] = (u8)((Address & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
	WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_2_OFFSET] = (u8)((Address & 0xFF00) >> 8);
	WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_3_OFFSET] = (u8)(Address & 0xFF);

	/*
	 * Send the write command, address, and data to the FLASH to be
	 * written, no receive buffer is specified since there is nothing to
	 * receive
	 */
	XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteBuffer, NULL,
				ByteCount + OVERHEAD_SIZE);

	/*
	 * Wait for the write command to the FLASH to be completed, it takes
	 * some time for the data to be written
	 */
	while (1) {
		/*
		 * Poll the status register of the FLASH to determine when it
		 * completes, by sending a read status command and receiving the
		 * status byte
		 */
		XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatusCmd, FlashStatus,
					sizeof(ReadStatusCmd));

		/*
		 * If the status indicates the write is done, then stop waiting,
		 * if a value of 0xFF in the status byte is read from the
		 * device and this loop never exits, the device slave select is
		 * possibly incorrect such that the device status is not being
		 * read
		 */
		if ((FlashStatus[1] & 0x01) == 0) {
			break;
		}
	}
}

/*****************************************************************************/
/**
*
* This function reads from the  serial FLASH connected to the
* QSPI interface.
*
* @param	QspiPtr is a pointer to the QSPI driver component to use.
* @param	Address contains the address to read data from in the FLASH.
* @param	ByteCount contains the number of bytes to read.
* @param	Command is the command used to read data from the flash. QSPI
*		device supports one of the Read, Fast Read, Dual Read and Fast
*		Read commands to read data from the flash.
*
* @return	None.
*
* @note		None.
*
******************************************************************************/
void FlashRead(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount, u8 Command)
{
	/*
	 * Setup the write command with the specified address and data for the
	 * FLASH
	 */
	WriteBuffer[COMMAND_OFFSET]   = Command;
	WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_1_OFFSET] = (u8)((Address & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
	WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_2_OFFSET] = (u8)((Address & 0xFF00) >> 8);
	WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_3_OFFSET] = (u8)(Address & 0xFF);

	if ((Command == FAST_READ_CMD) || (Command == DUAL_READ_CMD) ||
	    (Command == QUAD_READ_CMD)) {
		ByteCount += DUMMY_SIZE;
	}
	/*
	 * Send the read command to the FLASH to read the specified number
	 * of bytes from the FLASH, send the read command and address and
	 * receive the specified number of bytes of data in the data buffer
	 */
	XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteBuffer, ReadBuffer,
				ByteCount + OVERHEAD_SIZE);
}

/*****************************************************************************/
/**
*
* This function erases the sectors in the  serial FLASH connected to the
* QSPI interface.
*
* @param	QspiPtr is a pointer to the QSPI driver component to use.
* @param	Address contains the address of the first sector which needs to
*		be erased.
* @param	ByteCount contains the total size to be erased.
*
* @return	None.
*
* @note		None.
*
******************************************************************************/
void FlashErase(XQspiPs *QspiPtr, u32 Address, u32 ByteCount)
{
	u8 WriteEnableCmd = { WRITE_ENABLE_CMD };
	u8 ReadStatusCmd[] = { READ_STATUS_CMD, 0 };  /* must send 2 bytes */
	u8 FlashStatus[2];
	int Sector;

	/*
	 * If erase size is same as the total size of the flash, use bulk erase
	 * command
	 */
	if (ByteCount == (NUM_SECTORS * SECTOR_SIZE)) {
		/*
		 * Send the write enable command to the FLASH so that it can be
		 * written to, this needs to be sent as a seperate transfer
		 * before the erase
		 */
		XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL,
				  sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));

		/* Setup the bulk erase command*/
		WriteBuffer[COMMAND_OFFSET]   = BULK_ERASE_CMD;

		/*
		 * Send the bulk erase command; no receive buffer is specified
		 * since there is nothing to receive
		 */
		XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteBuffer, NULL,
					BULK_ERASE_SIZE);

		/* Wait for the erase command to the FLASH to be completed*/
		while (1) {
			/*
			 * Poll the status register of the device to determine
			 * when it completes, by sending a read status command
			 * and receiving the status byte
			 */
			XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatusCmd,
						FlashStatus,
						sizeof(ReadStatusCmd));

			/*
			 * If the status indicates the write is done, then stop
			 * waiting; if a value of 0xFF in the status byte is
			 * read from the device and this loop never exits, the
			 * device slave select is possibly incorrect such that
			 * the device status is not being read
			 */
			if ((FlashStatus[1] & 0x01) == 0) {
				break;
			}
		}

		return;
	}

	/*
	 * If the erase size is less than the total size of the flash, use
	 * sector erase command
	 */
	for (Sector = 0; Sector < ((ByteCount / SECTOR_SIZE) + 1); Sector++) {
		/*
		 * Send the write enable command to the SEEPOM so that it can be
		 * written to, this needs to be sent as a seperate transfer
		 * before the write
		 */
		XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL,
					sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));

		/*
		 * Setup the write command with the specified address and data
		 * for the FLASH
		 */
		WriteBuffer[COMMAND_OFFSET]   = SEC_ERASE_CMD;
		WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_1_OFFSET] = (u8)(Address >> 16);
		WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_2_OFFSET] = (u8)(Address >> 8);
		WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_3_OFFSET] = (u8)(Address & 0xFF);

		/*
		 * Send the sector erase command and address; no receive buffer
		 * is specified since there is nothing to receive
		 */
		XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, WriteBuffer, NULL,
					SEC_ERASE_SIZE);

		/*
		 * Wait for the sector erse command to the
		 * FLASH to be completed
		 */
		while (1) {
			/*
			 * Poll the status register of the device to determine
			 * when it completes, by sending a read status command
			 * and receiving the status byte
			 */
			XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatusCmd,
						FlashStatus,
						sizeof(ReadStatusCmd));

			/*
			 * If the status indicates the write is done, then stop
			 * waiting, if a value of 0xFF in the status byte is
			 * read from the device and this loop never exits, the
			 * device slave select is possibly incorrect such that
			 * the device status is not being read
			 */
			if ((FlashStatus[1] & 0x01) == 0) {
				break;
			}
		}

		Address += SECTOR_SIZE;
	}
}

/*****************************************************************************/
/**
*
* This function reads serial FLASH ID connected to the SPI interface.
*
* @param	None.
*
* @return	XST_SUCCESS if read id, otherwise XST_FAILURE.
*
* @note		None.
*
******************************************************************************/
int FlashReadID(void)
{
	int Status;

	/* Read ID in Auto mode.*/
	WriteBuffer[COMMAND_OFFSET]   = READ_ID;
	WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_1_OFFSET] = 0x23;		/* 3 dummy bytes */
	WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_2_OFFSET] = 0x08;
	WriteBuffer[ADDRESS_3_OFFSET] = 0x09;

	Status = XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(&QspiInstance, WriteBuffer, ReadBuffer,
				RD_ID_SIZE);
	if (Status != XST_SUCCESS) {
		return XST_FAILURE;
	}

	xil_printf("FlashID=0x%x 0x%x 0x%x\n\r", ReadBuffer[1], ReadBuffer[2],
		   ReadBuffer[3]);

	return XST_SUCCESS;
}

/*****************************************************************************/

/**
 *
 * This function enables quad mode in the serial flash connected to the
 * SPI interface.
 *
 * @param	QspiPtr is a pointer to the QSPI driver component to use.
 *
 * @return	None.
 *
 * @note		None.
 *
 ******************************************************************************/
void FlashQuadEnable(XQspiPs *QspiPtr)
{
	u8 WriteEnableCmd = {WRITE_ENABLE_CMD};
	u8 ReadStatusCmd[] = {READ_STATUS_CMD, 0};
	u8 QuadEnableCmd[] = {WRITE_STATUS_CMD, 0};
	u8 FlashStatus[2];


	if (ReadBuffer[1] == 0x9D) {

		XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, ReadStatusCmd,
					FlashStatus,
					sizeof(ReadStatusCmd));

		QuadEnableCmd[1] = FlashStatus[1] | 1 << 6;

		XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, &WriteEnableCmd, NULL,
				  sizeof(WriteEnableCmd));

		XQspiPs_PolledTransfer(QspiPtr, QuadEnableCmd, NULL,
					sizeof(QuadEnableCmd));
	}
}