先看效果图
目前最常用的环境还是linux的服务器，所以最终选择的是nvim作为自己的首要编辑器，毕竟没有写一些比较大型的项目。在经过多次的摸索后，我还是选择了Neovim + Coc.nvim，放弃了 YCM。
在文章的最后，有完整的init.vim文件，这个文件是我目前正在使用的，相对于文中的部分有变动。本文希望在你学习和使用vim的过程中，帮助你熟悉相关的环境配置。
这里假设在没有root权限的情况，考虑的是软件的源码安装（相比之下，直接用各个发行版的命令安装会更加简单）。
Windows Terminal 安装
可以在Windows10商店搜索windows terminal安装。也可以在github上下载 windows terminall
配置和使用
官方文档 重度依赖命令行用户建议仔细阅读官方文档。
建议安装Cascadia Code Font字体，微软开源的编程字体。
Ctrl + , 会使用系统默认编辑器打开一个settings.json文件，或者在窗口栏右边倒三角打开并找到设置。
我的配置如下
{
"$schema": "https://aka.ms/terminal-profiles-schema",
"alwaysShowTabs": false,
"defaultProfile": "{574e775e-4f2a-5b96-ac1e-a2962a402336}",
"initialCols": 120, // 默认列宽度
"initialRows": 30, // 默认行高度
"copyOnSelect": false,
"copyFormatting": false,
"profiles": {
"defaults": {
"fontFace": "Fira Code",
"fontSize": 12,
"colorScheme": "Monokai",
"acrylicOpacity": 0.8,
"useAcrylic": true
},
"list": [
{
"guid": "{61c54bbd-c2c6-5271-96e7-009a87ff44bf}",
"name": "Windows PowerShell",
"commandline": "powershell.exe",
"hidden": false
},
{
"guid": "{0caa0dad-35be-5f56-a8ff-afceeeaa6101}",
"name": "命令提示符",
"commandline": "cmd.exe",
"hidden": false
},
{
"guid": "{b453ae62-4e3d-5e58-b989-0a998ec441b8}",
"hidden": false,
"name": "Azure Cloud Shell",
"source": "Windows.Terminal.Azure"
},
{
"guid": "{574e775e-4f2a-5b96-ac1e-a2962a402336}",
"hidden": false,
"name": "PowerShell",
"source": "Windows.Terminal.PowershellCore",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"cursorShape": "bar",
"padding": "0, 0, 0, 0",
"snapOnInput": true,
"startingDirectory": "%USERPROFILE%",
"useAcrylic": true,
"scrollbarState": "hidden",
"backgroundImage" : "C:\\Users\\Top\\Pictures\\mac\\macosbg.jpg",
"backgroundImageOpacity" : 0.90,
"backgroundImageStrechMode" : "fill"
},
{
"guid": "{e9bd2639-0d88-4216-8819-fd6bd3ab6ea6}",
"hidden": false,
"commandline": "ssh root@122.51.110.216",
"colorScheme": "Monokai",
"name": "TecentCloud"
}
]
},
"schemes": [
{
"name": "Dracula",
"black": "#000000",
"red": "#ff5555",
"green": "#50fa7b",
"yellow": "#f1fa8c",
"blue": "#bd93f9",
"purple": "#ff79c6",
"cyan": "#8be9fd",
"white": "#bbbbbb",
"brightBlack": "#555555",
"brightRed": "#ff5555",
"brightGreen": "#50fa7b",
"brightYellow": "#f1fa8c",
"brightBlue": "#bd93f9",
"brightPurple": "#ff79c6",
"brightCyan": "#8be9fd",
"brightWhite": "#ffffff",
"background": "#1e1f29",
"foreground": "#f8f8f2"
},
{
"name": "Solarized",
"foreground": "#839496",
"background": "#002B36",
"cursorColor": "#FFFFFF",
"black": "#002B36",
"red": "#DC322F",
"green": "#859900",
"yellow": "#B58900",
"blue": "#268BD2",
"purple": "#D33682",
"cyan": "#2AA198",
"white": "#EEE8D5",
"brightBlack": "#073642",
"brightRed": "#CB4B16",
"brightGreen": "#586E75",
"brightYellow": "#657B83",
"brightBlue": "#839496",
"brightPurple": "#6C71C4",
"brightCyan": "#93A1A1",
"brightWhite": "#FDF6E3"
},
{
"name": "Monokai",
"background": "#1f1f1f",
"foreground": "#f8f8f8",
"black": "#1f1f1f",
"blue": "#6699df",
"cyan": "#e69f66",
"green": "#a6e22e",
"purple": "#ae81ff",
"red": "#f92672",
"white": "#f8f8f2",
"yellow": "#e6db74",
"brightBlack": "#75715e",
"brightBlue": "#66d9ef",
"brightCyan": "#e69f66",
"brightGreen": "#a6e22e",
"brightPurple": "#ae81ff",
"brightRed": "#f92672",
"brightWhite": "#f8f8f2",
"brightYellow": "#e6db74"
}
],
"keybindings": [
{
"command": {
"action": "copy",
"singleLine": false
},
"keys": "ctrl+c"
},
{
"command": "paste",
"keys": "ctrl+shift+alt+v"
},
{
"command": "find",
"keys": "ctrl+shift+f"
},
{
"command": {
"action": "splitPane",
"split": "auto",
"splitMode": "duplicate"
},
"keys": "alt+shift+d"
},
{
"command": "closeTab",
"keys": [
"ctrl+shift+w"
]
}, {
"command": {
"action": "splitPane",
"split": "vertical"
},
"keys": "alt+shift+plus"// 垂直分割窗口
},
{
"command": {
"action": "splitPane",
"split": "horizontal"
},
"keys": "alt+shift+-"// 水平分割窗口
},
{
"command": {
"action": "splitPane",
"split": "auto",
"splitMode": "duplicate"
},
"keys": "alt+shift+d"// 自动分割
}
]
}
快捷键：
alt+shift+Up|Down|Left|Right 可调节分割窗口的大小
ProwShell 美化
使用 PowerShell，安装 Posh-Git 和Oh-My-Posh
Install-Module posh-git -Scope CurrentUser
Install-Module oh-my-posh -Scope CurrentUser
在PowerShell启动加载的配置文件(notepad $PROFILE 将使用记事本打开此配置文件)中添加
Import-Module posh-git
Import-Module oh-my-posh
Set-Theme Paradox
Set-Theme Paradox 配置Oh-My-Posh主题，内置主题列表
重器ProwShell后应该就看到漂亮的主题了。
这里如果无法安装使用get-executionpolicy查看执行策略，如果不是管理员用户在命令后面加上CurrentUser
❯ get-executionpolicy
RemoteSigned
NVIM 安装
neovim GitHub下载release 的 Zip包，解压后就可以了
windows 用户配置文件在~\AppData\Local\nvim下面的init.vim文件，没有手动建一个
安装 Vim-Plug
md ~\AppData\Local\nvim\autoload
$uri = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim'
(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile(
$uri,
$ExecutionContext.SessionState.Path.GetUnresolvedProviderPathFromPSPath(
"~\AppData\Local\nvim-data\site\autoload\plug.vim"
)
)
配置 vim
init.vim文件
我的配置，此配置中有导航栏，状态栏，git，rust，go等相关插件。还有coc.nvim神器😊。不需要的可以注释掉。
" set nocompatible " 关闭兼容模式
" filetype off " 关闭自动补全
set number " 打开行号设置
set encoding=utf-8
set ruler " 光标信息
set hlsearch " 高亮显示搜索
set incsearch " 边搜索边高亮
set ignorecase " 忽悠大小写
set cursorline " 突出当前显示行
set nobomb " 去掉BOM标记
set ff=dos " CRLF2LF
set fileformat=unix
set ts=4 " tab 占4个字符宽度
set softtabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
set expandtab
set autoindent " 复制上一行的缩进
" expandtab " tab为4个空格
autocmd Filetype html setlocal ts=2 sw=2 expandtab
autocmd Filetype css setlocal ts=2 sw=2 expandtab
autocmd Filetype javascript setlocal ts=2 sw=2 expandtab
autocmd Filetype json setlocal ts=2 sw=2 expandtab
syntax enable " 语法高亮
syntax on
" set t_Co=256
" 开启24bit的颜色，开启这个颜色会更漂亮一些
set termguicolors
set background=dark
" colorscheme desert
" packadd! dracula
" colorscheme one
" 最后加载 gruvbox 主题
autocmd vimenter * colorscheme gruvbox
let g:airline_theme='one'
" 取消备份
set nobackup
set noswapfile
" 退出插入模式自动保存
" au InsertLeave *.go,*.java,*.c,*.cpp,*.js,*.html,*.css,*.tpl,*.sh,*.bat,*.conf write
let mapleader=";" " 定义快捷键前缀,即<Leader>
" ==== 系统剪切板复制粘贴 ====
" v 模式下复制内容到系统剪切板
vmap <Leader>c "+yy
" n 模式下复制一行到系统剪切板
nmap <Leader>c "+yy
" n 模式下粘贴系统剪切板的内容
nmap <Leader>v "+p
" 解决插入模式下delete/backspce键失效问题
set backspace=2
" 插件配置
call plug#begin('~/.vim/plugged')
" vim 状态栏
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline'
Plug 'vim-airline/vim-airline-themes'
" 左侧导航目录
Plug 'scrooloose/nerdtree'
" 侧边栏美化(需要下载字体,暂时不用)
" Plug 'ryanoasis/vim-devicons'
" 文件搜索插件
Plug 'kien/ctrlp.vim'
" 方法大纲搜索
Plug 'tacahiroy/ctrlp-funky'
" 大纲
Plug 'majutsushi/tagbar'
" editorconfig 插件
Plug 'editorconfig/editorconfig-vim'
" 快速注释插件
Plug 'scrooloose/nerdcommenter'
" vim 文件左侧 git 状态
Plug 'airblade/vim-gitgutter'
" git 插件
Plug 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
" go 语言相关插件
Plug 'fatih/vim-go', { 'do': ':GoUpdateBinaries' }
" Plug 'volgar1x/vim-gocode'
" 主题
Plug 'dracula/vim', { 'as': 'dracula' }
" colorscheme one
Plug 'rakr/vim-one'
Plug 'morhetz/gruvbox'
Plug 'crusoexia/vim-monokai'
Plug 'luochen1990/rainbow'
" 可以在导航目录中看到 git 版本信息
Plug 'Xuyuanp/nerdtree-git-plugin'
" 自动补全括号的插件，包括小括号，中括号，以及花括号
" Plug 'jiangmiao/auto-pairs'
" Plug 'zxqfl/tabnine-vim'
" 可以使 nerdtree Tab 标签的名称更友好些
" Plug 'jistr/vim-nerdtree-tabs'
" html 神器
Plug 'mattn/emmet-vim'
" 补全插件
Plug 'neoclide/coc.nvim', {'branch': 'release'}
Plug 'udalov/kotlin-vim'
" markdown 插件
" rust 插件
Plug 'rust-lang/rust.vim'
" 翻译插件 (按需使用)
" Plug 'JavaHello/vim-fy'
call plug#end()
"==============================================================================
" nerdtree 文件列表插件配置
"==============================================================================
let g:NERDTreeDirArrowExpandable = '▸'
let g:NERDTreeDirArrowCollapsible = '▾'
" 显示行号
" let NERDTreeShowLineNumbers=1
" 设置宽度
let NERDTreeWinSize=31
" 自动打开 nerdtree
autocmd StdinReadPre * let s:std_in=1
autocmd VimEnter * if argc() == 1 && isdirectory(argv()[0]) && !exists("s:std_in") | exe 'NERDTree' argv()[0] | wincmd p | ene | endif
" 使用 vim 而不是 vim .
autocmd VimEnter * if argc() == 0 && !exists("s:std_in") | NERDTree | endif
" 打开任意文件启动 nerdtree 我不需要
" autocmd vimenter * NERDTree
" 打开 vim 文件及显示书签列表
" let NERDTreeShowBookmarks=2
" 忽略一下文件的显示
let NERDTreeIgnore=['\.pyc','\~$','\.swp']
"==============================================================================
" ctrlp.vim 文件搜索插件配置
"==============================================================================
" 快捷键配置
let g:ctrlp_map = '<c-p>'
let g:ctrlp_cmd = 'CtrlP'
" 设置工作目录读取方式
let g:ctrlp_working_path_mode = 'ra'
" 忽略搜索文件
"let g:ctrlp_custom_ignore = '\v[\/]\.(git|hg|svn)$'
let g:ctrlp_custom_ignore = {
\ 'dir': '\v[\/](\.git|\.hg|\.svn|target|node_modules)$',
\ 'file': '\v\.(exe|so|dll|class)$',
\ 'link': 'some_bad_symbolic_links',
\ }
"==============================================================================
" ctrlp-funky 插件配置
"==============================================================================
map <F6> :CtrlPFunky<cr>
let g:ctrlp_extensions = ['funky']
let g:ctrlp_funky_syntax_highlight = 1
"==============================================================================
" tagbar 插件配置
"==============================================================================
" map <F5> :TagbarToggle<cr>
let g:tagbar_type_go = {
\ 'ctagstype' : 'go',
\ 'kinds' : [
\ 'p:package',
\ 'i:imports:1',
\ 'c:constants',
\ 'v:variables',
\ 't:types',
\ 'n:interfaces',
\ 'w:fields',
\ 'e:embedded',
\ 'm:methods',
\ 'r:constructor',
\ 'f:functions'
\ ],
\ 'sro' : '.',
\ 'kind2scope' : {
\ 't' : 'ctype',
\ 'n' : 'ntype'
\ },
\ 'scope2kind' : {
\ 'ctype' : 't',
\ 'ntype' : 'n'
\ },
\ 'ctagsbin' : 'gotags',
\ 'ctagsargs' : '-sort -silent'
\ }
"==============================================================================
" vim-airline 配置
"==============================================================================
" 启用显示缓冲区
let g:airline#extensions#tabline#enabled = 1
"==============================================================================
" nerdocmmenter 注释插件配置
"==============================================================================
let g:NERDSpaceDelims = 1 " 默认情况下，在注释分割符后添加空格
let g:NERDCompactSexyComs = 1 " 使用紧凑语法进行美化的多行s注释
let g:NERDDefaultAlign = 'left' " 让对齐向注释分割符向左而不是跟随代码缩进
let g:NERDAltDelims_java = 1 " 默认情况，将语言设置为使用其备用分割符
let g:NERDCustomDelimiters = { 'c': { 'left': '/**', 'right': '*/'}} " 添加自定义格式
let g:NERDCommentEmptyLines = 1 " 允许注释和反转空行(在注释区域时很有用)
let g:NERDTrimTrailingWhitespace = 1 " 在取消s注释时启用尾部空格的修剪
let g:NERDToggleCheckAllLines = 1 " 启用检查是否以注释
"==============================================================================
" vim-go 插件
"==============================================================================
let g:go_fmt_command = "goimports" " 格式化将默认的 gofmt 替换
let g:go_autodetect_gopath = 1
let g:go_list_type = "quickfix"
let g:go_version_warning = 1
let g:go_highlight_types = 1
let g:go_highlight_fields = 1
let g:go_highlight_functions = 1
let g:go_highlight_function_calls = 1
let g:go_highlight_operators = 1
let g:go_highlight_extra_types = 1
let g:go_highlight_methods = 1
let g:go_highlight_generate_tags = 1
let g:godef_split=2
"==============================================================================
" nerdtree-git-plugin 插件
"==============================================================================
let g:NERDTreeIndicatorMapCustom = {
\ "Modified" : "✹",
\ "Staged" : "✚",
\ "Untracked" : "✭",
\ "Renamed" : "➜",
\ "Unmerged" : "═",
\ "Deleted" : "✖",
\ "Dirty" : "✗",
\ "Clean" : "✔︎",
\ 'Ignored' : '☒',
\ "Unknown" : "?"
\ }
let g:NERDTreeShowIgnoredStatus = 1
"==============================================================================
" coc.nvim 插件
"==============================================================================
" TextEdit might fail if hidden is not set.
set hidden
" Some servers have issues with backup files, see #649.
set nobackup
set nowritebackup
" Give more space for displaying messages.
set cmdheight=2
" Having longer updatetime (default is 4000 ms = 4 s) leads to noticeable
" delays and poor user experience.
set updatetime=300
" Don't pass messages to |ins-completion-menu|.
set shortmess+=c
" Always show the signcolumn, otherwise it would shift the text each time
" diagnostics appear/become resolved.
if has("patch-8.1.1564")
" Recently vim can merge signcolumn and number column into one
set signcolumn=number
else
set signcolumn=yes
endif
" Use tab for trigger completion with characters ahead and navigate.
" NOTE: Use command ':verbose imap <tab>' to make sure tab is not mapped by
" other plugin before putting this into your config.
inoremap <silent><expr> <TAB>
\ pumvisible() ? "\<C-n>" :
\ <SID>check_back_space() ? "\<TAB>" :
\ coc#refresh()
inoremap <expr><S-TAB> pumvisible() ? "\<C-p>" : "\<C-h>"
function! s:check_back_space() abort
let col = col('.') - 1
return !col || getline('.')[col - 1] =~# '\s'
endfunction
" Use <c-space> to trigger completion.
inoremap <silent><expr> <c-space> coc#refresh()
" Use <cr> to confirm completion, `<C-g>u` means break undo chain at current
" position. Coc only does snippet and additional edit on confirm.
" <cr> could be remapped by other vim plugin, try `:verbose imap <CR>`.
if exists('*complete_info')
inoremap <expr> <cr> complete_info()["selected"] != "-1" ? "\<C-y>" : "\<C-g>u\<CR>"
else
inoremap <expr> <cr> pumvisible() ? "\<C-y>" : "\<C-g>u\<CR>"
endif
" Use `[g` and `]g` to navigate diagnostics
nmap <silent> [g <Plug>(coc-diagnostic-prev)
nmap <silent> ]g <Plug>(coc-diagnostic-next)
" GoTo code navigation.
nmap <silent> gd <Plug>(coc-definition)
nmap <silent> gy <Plug>(coc-type-definition)
nmap <silent> gi <Plug>(coc-implementation)
nmap <silent> gr <Plug>(coc-references)
" Use K to show documentation in preview window.
nnoremap <silent> K :call <SID>show_documentation()<CR>
function! s:show_documentation()
if (index(['vim','help'], &filetype) >= 0)
execute 'h '.expand('<cword>')
else
call CocAction('doHover')
endif
endfunction
" Highlight the symbol and its references when holding the cursor.
autocmd CursorHold * silent call CocActionAsync('highlight')
" Symbol renaming.
nmap <leader>rn <Plug>(coc-rename)
" Formatting selected code.
xmap <leader>f <Plug>(coc-format-selected)
nmap <leader>f <Plug>(coc-format-selected)
augroup mygroup
autocmd!
" Setup formatexpr specified filetype(s).
autocmd FileType typescript,json setl formatexpr=CocAction('formatSelected')
" Update signature help on jump placeholder.
autocmd User CocJumpPlaceholder call CocActionAsync('showSignatureHelp')
augroup end
" Applying codeAction to the selected region.
" Example: `<leader>aap` for current paragraph
xmap <leader>a <Plug>(coc-codeaction-selected)
nmap <leader>a <Plug>(coc-codeaction-selected)
" Remap keys for applying codeAction to the current buffer.
nmap <leader>ac <Plug>(coc-codeaction)
" Apply AutoFix to problem on the current line.
nmap <leader>qf <Plug>(coc-fix-current)
" Map function and class text objects
" NOTE: Requires 'textDocument.documentSymbol' support from the language server.
xmap if <Plug>(coc-funcobj-i)
omap if <Plug>(coc-funcobj-i)
xmap af <Plug>(coc-funcobj-a)
omap af <Plug>(coc-funcobj-a)
xmap ic <Plug>(coc-classobj-i)
omap ic <Plug>(coc-classobj-i)
xmap ac <Plug>(coc-classobj-a)
omap ac <Plug>(coc-classobj-a)
" Use CTRL-S for selections ranges.
" Requires 'textDocument/selectionRange' support of LS, ex: coc-tsserver
nmap <silent> <C-s> <Plug>(coc-range-select)
xmap <silent> <C-s> <Plug>(coc-range-select)
" Add `:Format` command to format current buffer.
command! -nargs=0 Format :call CocAction('format')
" Add `:Fold` command to fold current buffer.
command! -nargs=? Fold :call CocAction('fold', <f-args>)
" Add `:OR` command for organize imports of the current buffer.
command! -nargs=0 OR :call CocAction('runCommand', 'editor.action.organizeImport')
" Add (Neo)Vim's native statusline support.
" NOTE: Please see `:h coc-status` for integrations with external plugins that
" provide custom statusline: lightline.vim, vim-airline.
set statusline^=%{coc#status()}%{get(b:,'coc_current_function','')}
" Mappings using CoCList:
" Show all diagnostics.
nnoremap <silent> <space>a :<C-u>CocList diagnostics<cr>
" Manage extensions.
nnoremap <silent> <space>e :<C-u>CocList extensions<cr>
" Show commands.
nnoremap <silent> <space>c :<C-u>CocList commands<cr>
" Find symbol of current document.
nnoremap <silent> <space>o :<C-u>CocList outline<cr>
" Search workspace symbols.
nnoremap <silent> <space>s :<C-u>CocList -I symbols<cr>
" Do default action for next item.
nnoremap <silent> <space>j :<C-u>CocNext<CR>
" Do default action for previous item.
nnoremap <silent> <space>k :<C-u>CocPrev<CR>
" Resume latest coc list.
nnoremap <silent> <space>p :<C-u>CocListResume<CR>
"==============================================================================
" gui 配置
"==============================================================================
if has('gui_running')
set guifont=Cascadia\ Mono\ PL\ 13
endif
"==============================================================================
" fy 插件配置 (按需使用)
"==============================================================================
" vnoremap <silent> <C-T> :<C-u>Fyv<CR>
" nnoremap <silent> <C-T> :<C-u>Fyc<CR>
配置完后进入nvim使用:PlugInstall安装插件。
coc.nvim 配置增强代码提示
进入nvim 安装 coc.nvim相关插件，有许多语言的支持，可自行搜索安装
:CocInstall coc-java // java 插件，有代码提示，跳转到定义，显示 doc 等功能
常用快捷键:
- K(大写)显示文档
- g+r查看引用
- g + d跳转到定义
- 通过gd（跳转到函数声明）,
- gy（跳转到类型声明）
- gi（跳转到函数/类型实现）,
- gr（查找所有函数/类型的引用并跳转）,
- ctrl+o（返回之前位置）五个操作，让你在函数声明、定义和引用之间进行跳转/返回。
- 新建文件（ma），重命名/移动文件（mm），复制文件（mc），删除文件/文件夹（md）
!执行当前文件- O 递归打开选中 结点下的所有目录
- x 合拢选中结点的父目录
- X 递归 合拢选中结点下的所有目录
- t 在新 Tab 中打开选中文件/书签，并跳到新 Tab
- T 在新 Tab 中打开选中文件/书签，但不跳到新 Tab
- u 将当前根结点的父目录设为根目录，并变成合拢原根结点
- U 将当前根结点的父目录设为根目录，但保持展开原根结点
- r 递归刷新选中目录
- R 递归刷新根结点
- m 显示文件系统菜单
- cd 将 CWD 设为选中目录
- I 切换是否显示隐藏文件
- f 切换是否使用文件过滤器
- F 切换是否显示文件
- B 切换是否显示书签
- q 关闭 NerdTree 窗口
- ? 切换是否显示 Quick Help
- gT 前一个 tab
- gt 后一个 tab
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