Unity引擎制作闪电链效果
大家好，我是阿赵。
这次来做一个闪电链的效果。
一、 单根闪电
闪电的一个特点就是它的形状会快速的变化，如果想实现这种效果，一般是有2种做法：
1、 闪电序列帧动画
制作一组闪电的序列帧图，然后通过序列帧动画播放的Shader把效果播放出来，可以得到一个闪电的效果。
怎样制作闪电的序列帧贴图，方法有很多，这里我举一个比较简单的能实现的例子：
1. 打开Photoshop，并且建立一个尺寸稍微大一点的文件，比如我这里是2048*2048：
2. 使用滤镜：渲染——分层云彩
现在的效果是这样：
3. 再使用一次分层云彩
现在的效果是这样。
4. 按Ctrl+I翻转颜色
现在的效果是这样。
5. Ctrl+L调整色阶
现在的效果是这样。可以看出，现在生成出了很多段不同的曲线。
6. 拼接成闪电
我预计是做一个4帧的闪电序列动画，一帧的贴图是512*128，所以建一个这样的ps文件
然后从刚才分层云彩制作的曲线里面截取一部分，放到这个文件里面：
7. 拼接成序列图
用同样的方法，做了4个512128的闪电贴图，然后把它们拼在一张512512的贴图里面，我们的序列图基本上就做好了：
8. 增加模糊效果
如果觉得这个闪电的效果比较硬，可以稍微给个模糊滤镜，然后叠加一下变亮：
9. 写一个序列帧播放的shader
这个Shader比较简单，我就用ASE做一个。
序列帧动画直接用FlipBook UV Animation节点就可以了。增加几个参数调整行列数和播放速度的。
然后因为闪电有一个特点，越往中间亮的地方，颜色应该是越偏白色，然后边缘的颜色反而是比较能看清它实际的颜色。所以这里我给它加了一个基础颜色，然后再添加了一个AddRate参数，来控制白色和固有色之间的过渡：
由于我是在URP做的这个例子，所以使用的最终输出节点是这个：
这时候，找个面片播放一下序列帧的动画，就可以看到效果是这样的：
还可以调节闪电的不同颜色：
最终的shader是这样的,ASE生成的有点复杂，可以自己精简一下再使用：
// Made with Amplify Shader Editor
// Available at the Unity Asset Store - http://u3d.as/y3X
Shader "azhao/LightningSprite"
{
Properties
{
[HideInInspector] _AlphaCutoff("Alpha Cutoff ", Range(0, 1)) = 0.5
[HideInInspector] _EmissionColor("Emission Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
[ASEBegin]_col("col", Float) = 1
_row("row", Float) = 1
_MainTex("MainTex", 2D) = "white" {}
_speed("speed", Float) = 1
_baseColor("baseColor", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
[ASEEnd]_AddRate("AddRate", Range( 0 , 1)) = 1
}
SubShader
{
LOD 0
Tags { "RenderPipeline"="UniversalPipeline" "RenderType"="Transparent" "Queue"="Transparent" }
Cull Back
AlphaToMask Off
HLSLINCLUDE
#pragma target 2.0
float4 FixedTess( float tessValue )
{
return tessValue;
}
float CalcDistanceTessFactor (float4 vertex, float minDist, float maxDist, float tess, float4x4 o2w, float3 cameraPos )
{
float3 wpos = mul(o2w,vertex).xyz;
float dist = distance (wpos, cameraPos);
float f = clamp(1.0 - (dist - minDist) / (maxDist - minDist), 0.01, 1.0) * tess;
return f;
}
float4 CalcTriEdgeTessFactors (float3 triVertexFactors)
{
float4 tess;
tess.x = 0.5 * (triVertexFactors.y + triVertexFactors.z);
tess.y = 0.5 * (triVertexFactors.x + triVertexFactors.z);
tess.z = 0.5 * (triVertexFactors.x + triVertexFactors.y);
tess.w = (triVertexFactors.x + triVertexFactors.y + triVertexFactors.z) / 3.0f;
return tess;
}
float CalcEdgeTessFactor (float3 wpos0, float3 wpos1, float edgeLen, float3 cameraPos, float4 scParams )
{
float dist = distance (0.5 * (wpos0+wpos1), cameraPos);
float len = distance(wpos0, wpos1);
float f = max(len * scParams.y / (edgeLen * dist), 1.0);
return f;
}
float DistanceFromPlane (float3 pos, float4 plane)
{
float d = dot (float4(pos,1.0f), plane);
return d;
}
bool WorldViewFrustumCull (float3 wpos0, float3 wpos1, float3 wpos2, float cullEps, float4 planes[6] )
{
float4 planeTest;
planeTest.x = (( DistanceFromPlane(wpos0, planes[0]) > -cullEps) ? 1.0f : 0.0f ) +
(( DistanceFromPlane(wpos1, planes[0]) > -cullEps) ? 1.0f : 0.0f ) +
(( DistanceFromPlane(wpos2, planes[0]) > -cullEps) ? 1.0f : 0.0f );
planeTest.y = (( DistanceFromPlane(wpos0, planes[1]) > -cullEps) ? 1.0f : 0.0f ) +
(( DistanceFromPlane(wpos1, planes[1]) > -cullEps) ? 1.0f : 0.0f ) +
(( DistanceFromPlane(wpos2, planes[1]) > -cullEps) ? 1.0f : 0.0f );
planeTest.z = (( DistanceFromPlane(wpos0, planes[2]) > -cullEps) ? 1.0f : 0.0f ) +
(( DistanceFromPlane(wpos1, planes[2]) > -cullEps) ? 1.0f : 0.0f ) +
(( DistanceFromPlane(wpos2, planes[2]) > -cullEps) ? 1.0f : 0.0f );
planeTest.w = (( DistanceFromPlane(wpos0, planes[3]) > -cullEps) ? 1.0f : 0.0f ) +
(( DistanceFromPlane(wpos1, planes[3]) > -cullEps) ? 1.0f : 0.0f ) +
(( DistanceFromPlane(wpos2, planes[3]) > -cullEps) ? 1.0f : 0.0f );
return !all (planeTest);
}
float4 DistanceBasedTess( float4 v0, float4 v1, float4 v2, float tess, float minDist, float maxDist, float4x4 o2w, float3 cameraPos )
{
float3 f;
f.x = CalcDistanceTessFactor (v0,minDist,maxDist,tess,o2w,cameraPos);
f.y = CalcDistanceTessFactor (v1,minDist,maxDist,tess,o2w,cameraPos);
f.z = CalcDistanceTessFactor (v2,minDist,maxDist,tess,o2w,cameraPos);
return CalcTriEdgeTessFactors (f);
}
float4 EdgeLengthBasedTess( float4 v0, float4 v1, float4 v2, float edgeLength, float4x4 o2w, float3 cameraPos, float4 scParams )
{
float3 pos0 = mul(o2w,v0).xyz;
float3 pos1 = mul(o2w,v1).xyz;
float3 pos2 = mul(o2w,v2).xyz;
float4 tess;
tess.x = CalcEdgeTessFactor (pos1, pos2, edgeLength, cameraPos, scParams);
tess.y = CalcEdgeTessFactor (pos2, pos0, edgeLength, cameraPos, scParams);
tess.z = CalcEdgeTessFactor (pos0, pos1, edgeLength, cameraPos, scParams);
tess.w = (tess.x + tess.y + tess.z) / 3.0f;
return tess;
}
float4 EdgeLengthBasedTessCull( float4 v0, float4 v1, float4 v2, float edgeLength, float maxDisplacement, float4x4 o2w, float3 cameraPos, float4 scParams, float4 planes[6] )
{
float3 pos0 = mul(o2w,v0).xyz;
float3 pos1 = mul(o2w,v1).xyz;
float3 pos2 = mul(o2w,v2).xyz;
float4 tess;
if (WorldViewFrustumCull(pos0, pos1, pos2, maxDisplacement, planes))
{
tess = 0.0f;
}
else
{
tess.x = CalcEdgeTessFactor (pos1, pos2, edgeLength, cameraPos, scParams);
tess.y = CalcEdgeTessFactor (pos2, pos0, edgeLength, cameraPos, scParams);
tess.z = CalcEdgeTessFactor (pos0, pos1, edgeLength, cameraPos, scParams);
tess.w = (tess.x + tess.y + tess.z) / 3.0f;
}
return tess;
}
ENDHLSL
Pass
{
Name "Forward"
Tags { "LightMode"="UniversalForward" }
Blend One One, One OneMinusSrcAlpha
ZWrite Off
ZTest LEqual
Offset 0 , 0
ColorMask RGBA
HLSLPROGRAM
#pragma multi_compile_instancing
#define ASE_SRP_VERSION 999999
#pragma prefer_hlslcc gles
#pragma exclude_renderers d3d11_9x
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/Core.hlsl"
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/Lighting.hlsl"
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.core/ShaderLibrary/Color.hlsl"
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.core/ShaderLibrary/UnityInstancing.hlsl"
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/ShaderGraphFunctions.hlsl"
#if ASE_SRP_VERSION <= 70108
#define REQUIRES_VERTEX_SHADOW_COORD_INTERPOLATOR
#endif
struct VertexInput
{
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 ase_normal : NORMAL;
float4 ase_texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID
};
struct VertexOutput
{
float4 clipPos : SV_POSITION;
#if defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_WORLD_POSITION)
float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD0;
#endif
#if defined(REQUIRES_VERTEX_SHADOW_COORD_INTERPOLATOR) && defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_SHADOWCOORDS)
float4 shadowCoord : TEXCOORD1;
#endif
#ifdef ASE_FOG
float fogFactor : TEXCOORD2;
#endif
float4 ase_texcoord3 : TEXCOORD3;
UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID
UNITY_VERTEX_OUTPUT_STEREO
};
CBUFFER_START(UnityPerMaterial)
float4 _baseColor;
float4 _MainTex_ST;
float _col;
float _row;
float _speed;
float _AddRate;
#ifdef TESSELLATION_ON
float _TessPhongStrength;
float _TessValue;
float _TessMin;
float _TessMax;
float _TessEdgeLength;
float _TessMaxDisp;
#endif
CBUFFER_END
sampler2D _MainTex;
SAMPLER(sampler_MainTex);
VertexOutput VertexFunction ( VertexInput v )
{
VertexOutput o = (VertexOutput)0;
UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID(v);
UNITY_TRANSFER_INSTANCE_ID(v, o);
UNITY_INITIALIZE_VERTEX_OUTPUT_STEREO(o);
o.ase_texcoord3.xy = v.ase_texcoord.xy;
//setting value to unused interpolator channels and avoid initialization warnings
o.ase_texcoord3.zw = 0;
#ifdef ASE_ABSOLUTE_VERTEX_POS
float3 defaultVertexValue = v.vertex.xyz;
#else
float3 defaultVertexValue = float3(0, 0, 0);
#endif
float3 vertexValue = defaultVertexValue;
#ifdef ASE_ABSOLUTE_VERTEX_POS
v.vertex.xyz = vertexValue;
#else
v.vertex.xyz += vertexValue;
#endif
v.ase_normal = v.ase_normal;
float3 positionWS = TransformObjectToWorld( v.vertex.xyz );
float4 positionCS = TransformWorldToHClip( positionWS );
#if defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_WORLD_POSITION)
o.worldPos = positionWS;
#endif
#if defined(REQUIRES_VERTEX_SHADOW_COORD_INTERPOLATOR) && defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_SHADOWCOORDS)
VertexPositionInputs vertexInput = (VertexPositionInputs)0;
vertexInput.positionWS = positionWS;
vertexInput.positionCS = positionCS;
o.shadowCoord = GetShadowCoord( vertexInput );
#endif
#ifdef ASE_FOG
o.fogFactor = ComputeFogFactor( positionCS.z );
#endif
o.clipPos = positionCS;
return o;
}
#if defined(TESSELLATION_ON)
struct VertexControl
{
float4 vertex : INTERNALTESSPOS;
float3 ase_normal : NORMAL;
float4 ase_texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID
};
struct TessellationFactors
{
float edge[3] : SV_TessFactor;
float inside : SV_InsideTessFactor;
};
VertexControl vert ( VertexInput v )
{
VertexControl o;
UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID(v);
UNITY_TRANSFER_INSTANCE_ID(v, o);
o.vertex = v.vertex;
o.ase_normal = v.ase_normal;
o.ase_texcoord = v.ase_texcoord;
return o;
}
TessellationFactors TessellationFunction (InputPatch<VertexControl,3> v)
{
TessellationFactors o;
float4 tf = 1;
float tessValue = _TessValue; float tessMin = _TessMin; float tessMax = _TessMax;
float edgeLength = _TessEdgeLength; float tessMaxDisp = _TessMaxDisp;
#if defined(ASE_FIXED_TESSELLATION)
tf = FixedTess( tessValue );
#elif defined(ASE_DISTANCE_TESSELLATION)
tf = DistanceBasedTess(v[0].vertex, v[1].vertex, v[2].vertex, tessValue, tessMin, tessMax, GetObjectToWorldMatrix(), _WorldSpaceCameraPos );
#elif defined(ASE_LENGTH_TESSELLATION)
tf = EdgeLengthBasedTess(v[0].vertex, v[1].vertex, v[2].vertex, edgeLength, GetObjectToWorldMatrix(), _WorldSpaceCameraPos, _ScreenParams );
#elif defined(ASE_LENGTH_CULL_TESSELLATION)
tf = EdgeLengthBasedTessCull(v[0].vertex, v[1].vertex, v[2].vertex, edgeLength, tessMaxDisp, GetObjectToWorldMatrix(), _WorldSpaceCameraPos, _ScreenParams, unity_CameraWorldClipPlanes );
#endif
o.edge[0] = tf.x; o.edge[1] = tf.y; o.edge[2] = tf.z; o.inside = tf.w;
return o;
}
[domain("tri")]
[partitioning("fractional_odd")]
[outputtopology("triangle_cw")]
[patchconstantfunc("TessellationFunction")]
[outputcontrolpoints(3)]
VertexControl HullFunction(InputPatch<VertexControl, 3> patch, uint id : SV_OutputControlPointID)
{
return patch[id];
}
[domain("tri")]
VertexOutput DomainFunction(TessellationFactors factors, OutputPatch<VertexControl, 3> patch, float3 bary : SV_DomainLocation)
{
VertexInput o = (VertexInput) 0;
o.vertex = patch[0].vertex * bary.x + patch[1].vertex * bary.y + patch[2].vertex * bary.z;
o.ase_normal = patch[0].ase_normal * bary.x + patch[1].ase_normal * bary.y + patch[2].ase_normal * bary.z;
o.ase_texcoord = patch[0].ase_texcoord * bary.x + patch[1].ase_texcoord * bary.y + patch[2].ase_texcoord * bary.z;
#if defined(ASE_PHONG_TESSELLATION)
float3 pp[3];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
pp[i] = o.vertex.xyz - patch[i].ase_normal * (dot(o.vertex.xyz, patch[i].ase_normal) - dot(patch[i].vertex.xyz, patch[i].ase_normal));
float phongStrength = _TessPhongStrength;
o.vertex.xyz = phongStrength * (pp[0]*bary.x + pp[1]*bary.y + pp[2]*bary.z) + (1.0f-phongStrength) * o.vertex.xyz;
#endif
UNITY_TRANSFER_INSTANCE_ID(patch[0], o);
return VertexFunction(o);
}
#else
VertexOutput vert ( VertexInput v )
{
return VertexFunction( v );
}
#endif
half4 frag ( VertexOutput IN ) : SV_Target
{
UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID( IN );
UNITY_SETUP_STEREO_EYE_INDEX_POST_VERTEX( IN );
#if defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_WORLD_POSITION)
float3 WorldPosition = IN.worldPos;
#endif
float4 ShadowCoords = float4( 0, 0, 0, 0 );
#if defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_SHADOWCOORDS)
#if defined(REQUIRES_VERTEX_SHADOW_COORD_INTERPOLATOR)
ShadowCoords = IN.shadowCoord;
#elif defined(MAIN_LIGHT_CALCULATE_SHADOWS)
ShadowCoords = TransformWorldToShadowCoord( WorldPosition );
#endif
#endif
float2 uv_MainTex = IN.ase_texcoord3.xy * _MainTex_ST.xy + _MainTex_ST.zw;
// *** BEGIN Flipbook UV Animation vars ***
// Total tiles of Flipbook Texture
float fbtotaltiles1 = _col * _row;
// Offsets for cols and rows of Flipbook Texture
float fbcolsoffset1 = 1.0f / _col;
float fbrowsoffset1 = 1.0f / _row;
// Speed of animation
float fbspeed1 = _Time[ 1 ] * _speed;
// UV Tiling (col and row offset)
float2 fbtiling1 = float2(fbcolsoffset1, fbrowsoffset1);
// UV Offset - calculate current tile linear index, and convert it to (X * coloffset, Y * rowoffset)
// Calculate current tile linear index
float fbcurrenttileindex1 = round( fmod( fbspeed1 + 0.0, fbtotaltiles1) );
fbcurrenttileindex1 += ( fbcurrenttileindex1 < 0) ? fbtotaltiles1 : 0;
// Obtain Offset X coordinate from current tile linear index
float fblinearindextox1 = round ( fmod ( fbcurrenttileindex1, _col ) );
// Multiply Offset X by coloffset
float fboffsetx1 = fblinearindextox1 * fbcolsoffset1;
// Obtain Offset Y coordinate from current tile linear index
float fblinearindextoy1 = round( fmod( ( fbcurrenttileindex1 - fblinearindextox1 ) / _col, _row ) );
// Reverse Y to get tiles from Top to Bottom
fblinearindextoy1 = (int)(_row-1) - fblinearindextoy1;
// Multiply Offset Y by rowoffset
float fboffsety1 = fblinearindextoy1 * fbrowsoffset1;
// UV Offset
float2 fboffset1 = float2(fboffsetx1, fboffsety1);
// Flipbook UV
half2 fbuv1 = uv_MainTex * fbtiling1 + fboffset1;
// *** END Flipbook UV Animation vars ***
float4 tex2DNode6 = tex2D( _MainTex, fbuv1 );
float4 appendResult8 = (float4(saturate( ( ( _baseColor * tex2DNode6 ) + ( tex2DNode6 * _AddRate ) ) ).rgb , tex2DNode6.b));
float3 BakedAlbedo = 0;
float3 BakedEmission = 0;
float3 Color = appendResult8.rgb;
float Alpha = tex2DNode6.a;
float AlphaClipThreshold = 0.5;
float AlphaClipThresholdShadow = 0.5;
#ifdef _ALPHATEST_ON
clip( Alpha - AlphaClipThreshold );
#endif
#ifdef LOD_FADE_CROSSFADE
LODDitheringTransition( IN.clipPos.xyz, unity_LODFade.x );
#endif
#ifdef ASE_FOG
Color = MixFog( Color, IN.fogFactor );
#endif
return half4( Color, Alpha );
}
ENDHLSL
}
Pass
{
Name "ShadowCaster"
Tags { "LightMode"="ShadowCaster" }
ZWrite On
ZTest LEqual
AlphaToMask Off
HLSLPROGRAM
#pragma multi_compile_instancing
#define ASE_SRP_VERSION 999999
#pragma prefer_hlslcc gles
#pragma exclude_renderers d3d11_9x
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/Core.hlsl"
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/Lighting.hlsl"
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/ShaderGraphFunctions.hlsl"
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.core/ShaderLibrary/Color.hlsl"
struct VertexInput
{
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 ase_normal : NORMAL;
float4 ase_texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID
};
struct VertexOutput
{
float4 clipPos : SV_POSITION;
#if defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_WORLD_POSITION)
float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD0;
#endif
#if defined(REQUIRES_VERTEX_SHADOW_COORD_INTERPOLATOR) && defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_SHADOWCOORDS)
float4 shadowCoord : TEXCOORD1;
#endif
float4 ase_texcoord2 : TEXCOORD2;
UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID
UNITY_VERTEX_OUTPUT_STEREO
};
CBUFFER_START(UnityPerMaterial)
float4 _baseColor;
float4 _MainTex_ST;
float _col;
float _row;
float _speed;
float _AddRate;
#ifdef TESSELLATION_ON
float _TessPhongStrength;
float _TessValue;
float _TessMin;
float _TessMax;
float _TessEdgeLength;
float _TessMaxDisp;
#endif
CBUFFER_END
sampler2D _MainTex;
SAMPLER(sampler_MainTex);
float3 _LightDirection;
VertexOutput VertexFunction( VertexInput v )
{
VertexOutput o;
UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID(v);
UNITY_TRANSFER_INSTANCE_ID(v, o);
UNITY_INITIALIZE_VERTEX_OUTPUT_STEREO( o );
o.ase_texcoord2.xy = v.ase_texcoord.xy;
//setting value to unused interpolator channels and avoid initialization warnings
o.ase_texcoord2.zw = 0;
#ifdef ASE_ABSOLUTE_VERTEX_POS
float3 defaultVertexValue = v.vertex.xyz;
#else
float3 defaultVertexValue = float3(0, 0, 0);
#endif
float3 vertexValue = defaultVertexValue;
#ifdef ASE_ABSOLUTE_VERTEX_POS
v.vertex.xyz = vertexValue;
#else
v.vertex.xyz += vertexValue;
#endif
v.ase_normal = v.ase_normal;
float3 positionWS = TransformObjectToWorld( v.vertex.xyz );
#if defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_WORLD_POSITION)
o.worldPos = positionWS;
#endif
float3 normalWS = TransformObjectToWorldDir( v.ase_normal );
float4 clipPos = TransformWorldToHClip( ApplyShadowBias( positionWS, normalWS, _LightDirection ) );
#if UNITY_REVERSED_Z
clipPos.z = min(clipPos.z, clipPos.w * UNITY_NEAR_CLIP_VALUE);
#else
clipPos.z = max(clipPos.z, clipPos.w * UNITY_NEAR_CLIP_VALUE);
#endif
#if defined(REQUIRES_VERTEX_SHADOW_COORD_INTERPOLATOR) && defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_SHADOWCOORDS)
VertexPositionInputs vertexInput = (VertexPositionInputs)0;
vertexInput.positionWS = positionWS;
vertexInput.positionCS = clipPos;
o.shadowCoord = GetShadowCoord( vertexInput );
#endif
o.clipPos = clipPos;
return o;
}
#if defined(TESSELLATION_ON)
struct VertexControl
{
float4 vertex : INTERNALTESSPOS;
float3 ase_normal : NORMAL;
float4 ase_texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID
};
struct TessellationFactors
{
float edge[3] : SV_TessFactor;
float inside : SV_InsideTessFactor;
};
VertexControl vert ( VertexInput v )
{
VertexControl o;
UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID(v);
UNITY_TRANSFER_INSTANCE_ID(v, o);
o.vertex = v.vertex;
o.ase_normal = v.ase_normal;
o.ase_texcoord = v.ase_texcoord;
return o;
}
TessellationFactors TessellationFunction (InputPatch<VertexControl,3> v)
{
TessellationFactors o;
float4 tf = 1;
float tessValue = _TessValue; float tessMin = _TessMin; float tessMax = _TessMax;
float edgeLength = _TessEdgeLength; float tessMaxDisp = _TessMaxDisp;
#if defined(ASE_FIXED_TESSELLATION)
tf = FixedTess( tessValue );
#elif defined(ASE_DISTANCE_TESSELLATION)
tf = DistanceBasedTess(v[0].vertex, v[1].vertex, v[2].vertex, tessValue, tessMin, tessMax, GetObjectToWorldMatrix(), _WorldSpaceCameraPos );
#elif defined(ASE_LENGTH_TESSELLATION)
tf = EdgeLengthBasedTess(v[0].vertex, v[1].vertex, v[2].vertex, edgeLength, GetObjectToWorldMatrix(), _WorldSpaceCameraPos, _ScreenParams );
#elif defined(ASE_LENGTH_CULL_TESSELLATION)
tf = EdgeLengthBasedTessCull(v[0].vertex, v[1].vertex, v[2].vertex, edgeLength, tessMaxDisp, GetObjectToWorldMatrix(), _WorldSpaceCameraPos, _ScreenParams, unity_CameraWorldClipPlanes );
#endif
o.edge[0] = tf.x; o.edge[1] = tf.y; o.edge[2] = tf.z; o.inside = tf.w;
return o;
}
[domain("tri")]
[partitioning("fractional_odd")]
[outputtopology("triangle_cw")]
[patchconstantfunc("TessellationFunction")]
[outputcontrolpoints(3)]
VertexControl HullFunction(InputPatch<VertexControl, 3> patch, uint id : SV_OutputControlPointID)
{
return patch[id];
}
[domain("tri")]
VertexOutput DomainFunction(TessellationFactors factors, OutputPatch<VertexControl, 3> patch, float3 bary : SV_DomainLocation)
{
VertexInput o = (VertexInput) 0;
o.vertex = patch[0].vertex * bary.x + patch[1].vertex * bary.y + patch[2].vertex * bary.z;
o.ase_normal = patch[0].ase_normal * bary.x + patch[1].ase_normal * bary.y + patch[2].ase_normal * bary.z;
o.ase_texcoord = patch[0].ase_texcoord * bary.x + patch[1].ase_texcoord * bary.y + patch[2].ase_texcoord * bary.z;
#if defined(ASE_PHONG_TESSELLATION)
float3 pp[3];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
pp[i] = o.vertex.xyz - patch[i].ase_normal * (dot(o.vertex.xyz, patch[i].ase_normal) - dot(patch[i].vertex.xyz, patch[i].ase_normal));
float phongStrength = _TessPhongStrength;
o.vertex.xyz = phongStrength * (pp[0]*bary.x + pp[1]*bary.y + pp[2]*bary.z) + (1.0f-phongStrength) * o.vertex.xyz;
#endif
UNITY_TRANSFER_INSTANCE_ID(patch[0], o);
return VertexFunction(o);
}
#else
VertexOutput vert ( VertexInput v )
{
return VertexFunction( v );
}
#endif
half4 frag(VertexOutput IN ) : SV_TARGET
{
UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID( IN );
UNITY_SETUP_STEREO_EYE_INDEX_POST_VERTEX( IN );
#if defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_WORLD_POSITION)
float3 WorldPosition = IN.worldPos;
#endif
float4 ShadowCoords = float4( 0, 0, 0, 0 );
#if defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_SHADOWCOORDS)
#if defined(REQUIRES_VERTEX_SHADOW_COORD_INTERPOLATOR)
ShadowCoords = IN.shadowCoord;
#elif defined(MAIN_LIGHT_CALCULATE_SHADOWS)
ShadowCoords = TransformWorldToShadowCoord( WorldPosition );
#endif
#endif
float2 uv_MainTex = IN.ase_texcoord2.xy * _MainTex_ST.xy + _MainTex_ST.zw;
// *** BEGIN Flipbook UV Animation vars ***
// Total tiles of Flipbook Texture
float fbtotaltiles1 = _col * _row;
// Offsets for cols and rows of Flipbook Texture
float fbcolsoffset1 = 1.0f / _col;
float fbrowsoffset1 = 1.0f / _row;
// Speed of animation
float fbspeed1 = _Time[ 1 ] * _speed;
// UV Tiling (col and row offset)
float2 fbtiling1 = float2(fbcolsoffset1, fbrowsoffset1);
// UV Offset - calculate current tile linear index, and convert it to (X * coloffset, Y * rowoffset)
// Calculate current tile linear index
float fbcurrenttileindex1 = round( fmod( fbspeed1 + 0.0, fbtotaltiles1) );
fbcurrenttileindex1 += ( fbcurrenttileindex1 < 0) ? fbtotaltiles1 : 0;
// Obtain Offset X coordinate from current tile linear index
float fblinearindextox1 = round ( fmod ( fbcurrenttileindex1, _col ) );
// Multiply Offset X by coloffset
float fboffsetx1 = fblinearindextox1 * fbcolsoffset1;
// Obtain Offset Y coordinate from current tile linear index
float fblinearindextoy1 = round( fmod( ( fbcurrenttileindex1 - fblinearindextox1 ) / _col, _row ) );
// Reverse Y to get tiles from Top to Bottom
fblinearindextoy1 = (int)(_row-1) - fblinearindextoy1;
// Multiply Offset Y by rowoffset
float fboffsety1 = fblinearindextoy1 * fbrowsoffset1;
// UV Offset
float2 fboffset1 = float2(fboffsetx1, fboffsety1);
// Flipbook UV
half2 fbuv1 = uv_MainTex * fbtiling1 + fboffset1;
// *** END Flipbook UV Animation vars ***
float4 tex2DNode6 = tex2D( _MainTex, fbuv1 );
float Alpha = tex2DNode6.a;
float AlphaClipThreshold = 0.5;
float AlphaClipThresholdShadow = 0.5;
#ifdef _ALPHATEST_ON
#ifdef _ALPHATEST_SHADOW_ON
clip(Alpha - AlphaClipThresholdShadow);
#else
clip(Alpha - AlphaClipThreshold);
#endif
#endif
#ifdef LOD_FADE_CROSSFADE
LODDitheringTransition( IN.clipPos.xyz, unity_LODFade.x );
#endif
return 0;
}
ENDHLSL
}
Pass
{
Name "DepthOnly"
Tags { "LightMode"="DepthOnly" }
ZWrite On
ColorMask 0
AlphaToMask Off
HLSLPROGRAM
#pragma multi_compile_instancing
#define ASE_SRP_VERSION 999999
#pragma prefer_hlslcc gles
#pragma exclude_renderers d3d11_9x
#pragma vertex vert
#pragma fragment frag
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/Core.hlsl"
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/Lighting.hlsl"
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.universal/ShaderLibrary/ShaderGraphFunctions.hlsl"
#include "Packages/com.unity.render-pipelines.core/ShaderLibrary/Color.hlsl"
struct VertexInput
{
float4 vertex : POSITION;
float3 ase_normal : NORMAL;
float4 ase_texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID
};
struct VertexOutput
{
float4 clipPos : SV_POSITION;
#if defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_WORLD_POSITION)
float3 worldPos : TEXCOORD0;
#endif
#if defined(REQUIRES_VERTEX_SHADOW_COORD_INTERPOLATOR) && defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_SHADOWCOORDS)
float4 shadowCoord : TEXCOORD1;
#endif
float4 ase_texcoord2 : TEXCOORD2;
UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID
UNITY_VERTEX_OUTPUT_STEREO
};
CBUFFER_START(UnityPerMaterial)
float4 _baseColor;
float4 _MainTex_ST;
float _col;
float _row;
float _speed;
float _AddRate;
#ifdef TESSELLATION_ON
float _TessPhongStrength;
float _TessValue;
float _TessMin;
float _TessMax;
float _TessEdgeLength;
float _TessMaxDisp;
#endif
CBUFFER_END
sampler2D _MainTex;
SAMPLER(sampler_MainTex);
VertexOutput VertexFunction( VertexInput v )
{
VertexOutput o = (VertexOutput)0;
UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID(v);
UNITY_TRANSFER_INSTANCE_ID(v, o);
UNITY_INITIALIZE_VERTEX_OUTPUT_STEREO(o);
o.ase_texcoord2.xy = v.ase_texcoord.xy;
//setting value to unused interpolator channels and avoid initialization warnings
o.ase_texcoord2.zw = 0;
#ifdef ASE_ABSOLUTE_VERTEX_POS
float3 defaultVertexValue = v.vertex.xyz;
#else
float3 defaultVertexValue = float3(0, 0, 0);
#endif
float3 vertexValue = defaultVertexValue;
#ifdef ASE_ABSOLUTE_VERTEX_POS
v.vertex.xyz = vertexValue;
#else
v.vertex.xyz += vertexValue;
#endif
v.ase_normal = v.ase_normal;
float3 positionWS = TransformObjectToWorld( v.vertex.xyz );
#if defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_WORLD_POSITION)
o.worldPos = positionWS;
#endif
o.clipPos = TransformWorldToHClip( positionWS );
#if defined(REQUIRES_VERTEX_SHADOW_COORD_INTERPOLATOR) && defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_SHADOWCOORDS)
VertexPositionInputs vertexInput = (VertexPositionInputs)0;
vertexInput.positionWS = positionWS;
vertexInput.positionCS = clipPos;
o.shadowCoord = GetShadowCoord( vertexInput );
#endif
return o;
}
#if defined(TESSELLATION_ON)
struct VertexControl
{
float4 vertex : INTERNALTESSPOS;
float3 ase_normal : NORMAL;
float4 ase_texcoord : TEXCOORD0;
UNITY_VERTEX_INPUT_INSTANCE_ID
};
struct TessellationFactors
{
float edge[3] : SV_TessFactor;
float inside : SV_InsideTessFactor;
};
VertexControl vert ( VertexInput v )
{
VertexControl o;
UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID(v);
UNITY_TRANSFER_INSTANCE_ID(v, o);
o.vertex = v.vertex;
o.ase_normal = v.ase_normal;
o.ase_texcoord = v.ase_texcoord;
return o;
}
TessellationFactors TessellationFunction (InputPatch<VertexControl,3> v)
{
TessellationFactors o;
float4 tf = 1;
float tessValue = _TessValue; float tessMin = _TessMin; float tessMax = _TessMax;
float edgeLength = _TessEdgeLength; float tessMaxDisp = _TessMaxDisp;
#if defined(ASE_FIXED_TESSELLATION)
tf = FixedTess( tessValue );
#elif defined(ASE_DISTANCE_TESSELLATION)
tf = DistanceBasedTess(v[0].vertex, v[1].vertex, v[2].vertex, tessValue, tessMin, tessMax, GetObjectToWorldMatrix(), _WorldSpaceCameraPos );
#elif defined(ASE_LENGTH_TESSELLATION)
tf = EdgeLengthBasedTess(v[0].vertex, v[1].vertex, v[2].vertex, edgeLength, GetObjectToWorldMatrix(), _WorldSpaceCameraPos, _ScreenParams );
#elif defined(ASE_LENGTH_CULL_TESSELLATION)
tf = EdgeLengthBasedTessCull(v[0].vertex, v[1].vertex, v[2].vertex, edgeLength, tessMaxDisp, GetObjectToWorldMatrix(), _WorldSpaceCameraPos, _ScreenParams, unity_CameraWorldClipPlanes );
#endif
o.edge[0] = tf.x; o.edge[1] = tf.y; o.edge[2] = tf.z; o.inside = tf.w;
return o;
}
[domain("tri")]
[partitioning("fractional_odd")]
[outputtopology("triangle_cw")]
[patchconstantfunc("TessellationFunction")]
[outputcontrolpoints(3)]
VertexControl HullFunction(InputPatch<VertexControl, 3> patch, uint id : SV_OutputControlPointID)
{
return patch[id];
}
[domain("tri")]
VertexOutput DomainFunction(TessellationFactors factors, OutputPatch<VertexControl, 3> patch, float3 bary : SV_DomainLocation)
{
VertexInput o = (VertexInput) 0;
o.vertex = patch[0].vertex * bary.x + patch[1].vertex * bary.y + patch[2].vertex * bary.z;
o.ase_normal = patch[0].ase_normal * bary.x + patch[1].ase_normal * bary.y + patch[2].ase_normal * bary.z;
o.ase_texcoord = patch[0].ase_texcoord * bary.x + patch[1].ase_texcoord * bary.y + patch[2].ase_texcoord * bary.z;
#if defined(ASE_PHONG_TESSELLATION)
float3 pp[3];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
pp[i] = o.vertex.xyz - patch[i].ase_normal * (dot(o.vertex.xyz, patch[i].ase_normal) - dot(patch[i].vertex.xyz, patch[i].ase_normal));
float phongStrength = _TessPhongStrength;
o.vertex.xyz = phongStrength * (pp[0]*bary.x + pp[1]*bary.y + pp[2]*bary.z) + (1.0f-phongStrength) * o.vertex.xyz;
#endif
UNITY_TRANSFER_INSTANCE_ID(patch[0], o);
return VertexFunction(o);
}
#else
VertexOutput vert ( VertexInput v )
{
return VertexFunction( v );
}
#endif
half4 frag(VertexOutput IN ) : SV_TARGET
{
UNITY_SETUP_INSTANCE_ID(IN);
UNITY_SETUP_STEREO_EYE_INDEX_POST_VERTEX( IN );
#if defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_WORLD_POSITION)
float3 WorldPosition = IN.worldPos;
#endif
float4 ShadowCoords = float4( 0, 0, 0, 0 );
#if defined(ASE_NEEDS_FRAG_SHADOWCOORDS)
#if defined(REQUIRES_VERTEX_SHADOW_COORD_INTERPOLATOR)
ShadowCoords = IN.shadowCoord;
#elif defined(MAIN_LIGHT_CALCULATE_SHADOWS)
ShadowCoords = TransformWorldToShadowCoord( WorldPosition );
#endif
#endif
float2 uv_MainTex = IN.ase_texcoord2.xy * _MainTex_ST.xy + _MainTex_ST.zw;
// *** BEGIN Flipbook UV Animation vars ***
// Total tiles of Flipbook Texture
float fbtotaltiles1 = _col * _row;
// Offsets for cols and rows of Flipbook Texture
float fbcolsoffset1 = 1.0f / _col;
float fbrowsoffset1 = 1.0f / _row;
// Speed of animation
float fbspeed1 = _Time[ 1 ] * _speed;
// UV Tiling (col and row offset)
float2 fbtiling1 = float2(fbcolsoffset1, fbrowsoffset1);
// UV Offset - calculate current tile linear index, and convert it to (X * coloffset, Y * rowoffset)
// Calculate current tile linear index
float fbcurrenttileindex1 = round( fmod( fbspeed1 + 0.0, fbtotaltiles1) );
fbcurrenttileindex1 += ( fbcurrenttileindex1 < 0) ? fbtotaltiles1 : 0;
// Obtain Offset X coordinate from current tile linear index
float fblinearindextox1 = round ( fmod ( fbcurrenttileindex1, _col ) );
// Multiply Offset X by coloffset
float fboffsetx1 = fblinearindextox1 * fbcolsoffset1;
// Obtain Offset Y coordinate from current tile linear index
float fblinearindextoy1 = round( fmod( ( fbcurrenttileindex1 - fblinearindextox1 ) / _col, _row ) );
// Reverse Y to get tiles from Top to Bottom
fblinearindextoy1 = (int)(_row-1) - fblinearindextoy1;
// Multiply Offset Y by rowoffset
float fboffsety1 = fblinearindextoy1 * fbrowsoffset1;
// UV Offset
float2 fboffset1 = float2(fboffsetx1, fboffsety1);
// Flipbook UV
half2 fbuv1 = uv_MainTex * fbtiling1 + fboffset1;
// *** END Flipbook UV Animation vars ***
float4 tex2DNode6 = tex2D( _MainTex, fbuv1 );
float Alpha = tex2DNode6.a;
float AlphaClipThreshold = 0.5;
#ifdef _ALPHATEST_ON
clip(Alpha - AlphaClipThreshold);
#endif
#ifdef LOD_FADE_CROSSFADE
LODDitheringTransition( IN.clipPos.xyz, unity_LODFade.x );
#endif
return 0;
}
ENDHLSL
}
}
CustomEditor "UnityEditor.ShaderGraph.PBRMasterGUI"
Fallback "Hidden/InternalErrorShader"
}
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ASEEND*/
//CHKSM=EB75C51E6DEB3B75C8F9F7599F2F5245C1C90031
2、 通过LineRenderer
如果不使用序列帧做闪电的动画，其实也可以用顶点来模拟。比如我们可以使用Unity自带的LineRenderer组件，就很适合用来做闪电了。
LineRenderer组件的特点是，可以指定线的宽度，然后指定一条线上面包含多少个点，然后可以逐个点指定坐标，让整条线每个点构成不同的形状。
所以假如我们每隔一段时间，给这个LineRenderer修改这些顶点的坐标，就可以实现出跳动的效果：
C#的代码大概是这样的：
先通过外部传入一条闪电里面，开始坐标和结束坐标，然后一个分段有多长，然后算出这个闪电里面，总共应该有多少个节点，在不做偏移的情况下，在线段里面的坐标应该是多少，然后把闪电的开始和结束为止作为这个数组的首尾。这个数组我成为OrigList。
private void CreateOrigList()
{
origPointList = new List<Vector3>();
float dis = Vector3.Distance(startPoint, endPoint);
int segment = Mathf.FloorToInt(dis / segmentLength) - 1;
Vector3 dir = (endPoint - startPoint).normalized;
if(segment>0)
{
Vector3 tempPoint;
for(int i = 0;i<segment;i++)
{
tempPoint = startPoint + dir * (i + 1)*segmentLength;
origPointList.Add(tempPoint);
}
}
origPointList.Insert(0, startPoint);
origPointList.Add(endPoint);
if (lineRender)
{
lineRender.enabled = true;
}
}
然后每个一段时间，调用一个UpdateFinalList的方法，对OrigList里面的坐标，除了头尾为止以外，其他点都做一个随机偏移。
private void UpdateFinalList()
{
if(origPointList == null || origPointList.Count == 0)
{
return;
}
finalPointList = new List<Vector3>();
Vector3 tempPoint;
float tx;
float ty;
float tz;
Vector3 origPoint;
if(origPointList.Count>2)
{
for (int i = 1; i < origPointList.Count-1; i++)
{
origPoint = origPointList[i];
tx = Random.Range(-offset, offset);
ty = Random.Range(-offset, offset)+hOffset;
tz = Random.Range(-offset, offset);
tempPoint = new Vector3(origPoint.x + tx, origPoint.y + ty, origPoint.z + tx);
finalPointList.Add(tempPoint);
}
}
finalPointList.Insert(0, origPointList[0]+new Vector3(0,hOffset,0));
finalPointList.Add(origPointList[origPointList.Count - 1]+new Vector3(0, hOffset, 0));
UpdateLineRenderer();
}
在计算完随机偏移之后，就可以给LineRenderer设置坐标了：
private void UpdateLineRenderer()
{
if(lineRender == null)
{
return;
}
if(finalPointList == null)
{
finalPointList = new List<Vector3>();
}
lineRender.positionCount = finalPointList.Count;
lineRender.SetPositions(finalPointList.ToArray());
}
二、 闪电链
上面两种制作闪电效果的方法，实际上是并不冲突的，可以两者都用，在LineRenderer上面使用序列帧图片播放就可以了。
闪电链的特点，是由很多段闪电组成，然后闪电的出现是有时间先后顺序的，每一段闪电出现的时候是由前一个目标身上发出一道闪电，飞向下一个目标的。
要达到这样的效果，我们需要得到一个受击者的列表，然后逐个在它们之间生成单段的闪电。然后如果想闪电不是一下立刻出现，而是有一个过渡出现的效果，那么就要增加一个控制，把终点通过时间插值的方式，让终点从起点不停的移动知道到达受击目标身上了。
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