PAT 1027 Colors in Mars [进制转换]

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本文介绍了一个有趣的问题，即如何将地球上的十进制颜色值转换为火星上使用的13进制RGB颜色值。通过具体的样例输入和输出，文章详细解释了转换过程，并提供了一段C语言代码实现。

People in Mars represent the colors in their computers in a similar way as the Earth people. That is, a color is represented by a 6-digit number, where the first 2 digits are for Red, the middle 2 digits for Green, and the last 2 digits for Blue. The only difference is that they use radix 13 (0-9 and A-C) instead of 16. Now given a color in three decimal numbers (each between 0 and 168), you are supposed to output their Mars RGB values.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case which occupies a line containing the three decimal color values.

Output Specification:

For each test case you should output the Mars RGB value in the following format: first output #, then followed by a 6-digit number where all the English characters must be upper-cased. If a single color is only 1-digit long, you must print a 0 to its left.

Sample Input:

15 43 71

Sample Output:

#123456

代码：

对进制转换没什么印象了> <

十进制转X进制，即不断除以X取余数，直到该十进制为0，最后再逆序输出余数们。

X进制转十进制，即从右到左，每一个数字依次乘以10^0,10^1,10^2...，再相加。

十以上的进制，除了数字，还有字母。

“The only difference is that they use radix 13 (0-9 and A-C) instead of 16.” 看这句话我以为是16进制转13进制，换算了下才发现是10进制转13进制。给定数字的范围在0-168，x = a*13^1 + b*13^0 ，当a=13（13进制的C）时，x>168，只需两位数字即可表示R or G or B。所以无需考虑逆序输出，直接/13和%13。

#include<stdio.h>

int main()
{
	char s[13] = {'0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C'};
	int a,b,c;
	scanf("%d%d%d",&a,&b,&c);
	printf("#");
	printf("%c%c",s[a/13],s[a%13]);
	printf("%c%c",s[b/13],s[b%13]);
	printf("%c%c",s[c/13],s[c%13]);
}