论文概览 |《Urban Analytics and City Science》2022.11 Vol.49 Issue.9

本次给大家整理的是《Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science》杂志2022年11月第49卷第9期的论文的题目和摘要，一共包括19篇SCI论文！

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论文1

On economic and urban growth

经济发展与城市增长

【摘要】

The dominant imperative during the next decade, perhaps longer, is likely to be the quest for economic growth. In the last decade or more since the Great Recession, economic growth in Western economies has been effectively squeezed out of the system. From the end of the long boom after World War 2 that ended in the 1970s, productivity in many countries has fallen. For the last 15 years, governments in the West have gone a spending spree with moneys acquired at extremely low interest rates from a small but relatively thrifty proportion of the population. This has led to massive rises in house prices, great over-capacity in office building, and the growth of enormous bureaucracies in services and markets. Quantitative easing which involves central governments’ printing money which lowers its value and exacerbates debt, has added to this. In the East, particularly in China, this has led to the construction of ghost towns often in entirely the wrong places when it comes to building in the best locations for growth and economic prosperity. The growth of information technologies (IT) has forged ahead but rather than leading to increased productivity, this too has added to bureaucracies at every level and in every sector (Gordon, 2016). The palpable waste on a day-to-day basis as IT has been rolled out everywhere has increased inefficiencies by slowing down many routine procedures rather than producing more effective and efficient automation.

【摘要翻译】

未来十年，甚至可能更长的时间，主要的紧迫任务很可能是追求经济增长。自大衰退以来，西方经济体的经济增长实际上已被排除在体系之外。自二战后长期繁荣结束后的20世纪70年代以来，许多国家的生产率一直在下降。过去15年来，西方国家的政府一直在挥霍使用以极低利率从一小部分相对节俭的人手中获得的钱，导致房价大幅上涨、办公楼供应过剩、以及服务和市场监管机构的膨胀。量化宽松政策，即中央政府印刷货币，降低货币价值并加剧债务问题，进一步加剧了这一问题。在东方，特别是在中国，这导致了鬼城的建设，往往是在增长和经济繁荣的最佳地点。信息技术（IT）的发展已经向前推进，但这并没有导致生产力的提高，这也增加了每个层次和每个部门的官僚机构（Gordon，2016）。随着IT技术到处推广，日常生活中明显的浪费，由于减缓了许多常规程序，而不是产生更有效和高效的自动化，从而增加了低效率。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221136851

【作者信息】

迈克尔·巴蒂，伦敦大学学院

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论文2

Temporal change in relationships between urban structure and surface temperature

城市结构与地表温度关系的时间变化

【摘要】

Surface temperature influences human health directly and alters the biodiversity and productivity of the environment. While previous research has identified that the composition of urban landscapes influences the physical properties of the environment such as surface temperature, a generalizable and flexible framework is needed that can be used to compare cities across time and space. This study employs the Structure of Urban Landscapes (STURLA) classification combined with remote sensing of New York City’s land surface temperature (LST). These are then linked using machine learning and statistical modeling to identify how greenspace and the built environment influence urban surface temperature. Further, changes in urban structure are then connected to changes in LST over time. It was observed that areas with urban units composed of largely the built environment hosted the hottest temperatures while those with vegetation and water were coolest. Likewise, this is reinforced by borough-level spatial differences in both urban structure and heat. Comparison of these relationships over the period between 2008 and 2017 identified changes in surface temperature that are likely due to the changes in the presence of water, low-rise buildings, and pavement across the city. This research reinforces how human alteration of the environment changes LST and offers units of analysis that can be used for research and urban planning.

【摘要翻译】

地表温度直接影响人类健康，并改变了环境的生物多样性和生产力。虽然先前的研究已经确定，城市景观的组成会影响环境的物理性质，如表面温度，但需要一个可推广和灵活的框架，可以用来比较跨时间和空间的城市。本研究采用城市景观结构（STURLA）分类方法，结合对纽约市地表温度的遥感数据。然后使用机器学习和统计建模方法将两者联系起来，以确定绿地和建筑环境如何影响城市表面温度。此外，城市结构的变化随后与随时间变化的LST的变化联系起来。观察到，由大量建筑环境构成的城区温度最高，而植被和水域所在的城区温度最低。同样，城市结构和热量的空间差异也强化了这一观点。在2008年至2017年期间对这些关系进行比较，发现了表面温度的变化，这些变化很可能是由于城市中水的存在、低层建筑和路面的变化所引起的。这项研究强调了人类对环境的改变如何影响LST，并提供了可用于研究和城市规划的分析单元。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221083677

【作者信息】

贾斯汀·D·斯特普恩特（Justin D Stewart），荷兰阿姆斯特丹自由大学生态科学系；佩雷格·K雷默（Peleg Kremer），美国维拉诺瓦大学地理与环境系。

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论文3

Generating megacity-scale building height maps without DGNSS surveyed GCPs: An open-source approach

在没有使用DGNSS测量基准点的情况下生成大都市规模建筑高度地图：一种开源方法

【摘要】

This paper describes an open-source method for generating megacity-scale building height maps without proprietary software or Differential Global Navigation Satellite System surveyed ground control points (GCPs). We use the open-source Satellite Stereo Pipeline (S2P) software along with four scenes of 2.5m resolution Cartosat-1 data for Bengaluru to demonstrate this. Digital Surface Models (DSMs) of 5 m resolution are generated using S2P, and terrain removal is achieved using 30m SRTM data resampled to 5m. The resulting normalized DSM is calibrated and validated using 1270 GCPs. These were generated by counting the number of occupiable floors of buildings and marking zero elevation ground points. The final building height map of Bengaluru covers a total area of about 1420 km2, and across the four scenes, has RMSE values ranging from 2.8m to 3.9m—an error of approximately one floor. Furthermore, we implemented this workflow using stereo imagery for Mumbai, and the RMSE values obtained were comparable to those for Bengaluru. Hence the method we describe is a very cost-effective way of generating megacity-scale building height maps. The height maps generated using this method can be used to better understand numerous urban characteristics including land use intensity and population distribution and can play a crucial role in urban planning and policy making.

【摘要翻译】

本文介绍了一种开源方法，用于生成大都市规模的高层建筑地图，无需使用专有软件或差分全球导航卫星系统（DGNSS）测量地面控制点（GCP）。我们使用开源卫星立体管道软件（S2P）以及用于班加罗尔的四幅分辨率为2.5米的Cartosat-1数据场景来演示这一点。使用S2P生成分辨率为5米的数字表面模型（DSM），通过将30米分辨率的SRTM数据插值到5米分辨率来实现地形去除。使用1270个GCP对结果进行归一化DSM进行校准和验证。这些GCP是通过计算建筑物可用的楼层数并标记零高度地面点而生成的。最终的班加罗尔高层建筑地图覆盖总面积约为1420平方公里，在四个场景中，RMSE值范围从2.8米到3.9米，误差约为一个楼层。此外，我们使用立体图像实现了这一工作流，孟买的RMSE值与班加罗尔的可比。因此，我们描述的方法是一种非常成本效益高的生成大都市规模高层建筑地图的方法。使用这种方法生成的地图可以更好地了解许多城市特征，包括土地利用强度和人口分布，并可以在城市规划和决策中发挥至关重要的作用。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083221084990

【作者信息】

普拉蒂什·特里帕蒂，印度班加罗尔人类住区研究所地理空间实验室；

克里希纳钱德朗·巴拉克拉瓦南，印度班加罗尔人类住区研究所地理空间实验室；

卡洛·德弗朗西斯，巴黎-萨克雷高等师范大学中心Borelli分校、法国国家科学研究中心、巴黎萨克雷大学；

阿米特·库马尔，印度贾坎德邦中央大学地理信息科学系。

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论文4

New algorithms for generating isovist field and isovist measurements

生成等体积场和等体积测量的新算法

【摘要】

Isovist fields are powerful tools for expressing and analyzing spatial configurations. There is also useful software that allows one to calculate the isovist field variables. However, the complexity and the speed of the isovist field production algorithms have limited the diverse uses of isovist fields as a spatial configuration expressive model. In this paper, we present an algorithm for generating the isovist field which is simpler than the rivals. This algorithm relies on calculating the isovist for the corner points before generating the isovist fields. A complementary algorithm is also proposed which quickly updates isovist field calculations after limited changes in the environment take place. The speeds of these two algorithms are also checked here in real cases and are compared to the well-known fast algorithms. In addition, more efficient methods are proposed to calculate variables related to distance-to-the-walls metrics within an isovist. This method, which is fast and accurate, uses slices of isovist as a base to calculate these variables with the help of integral calculations. We hope these methods accelerate the evolution of isovist field models and help make a