论文概览 |《Urban Analytics and City Science》2024.09 Vol.51 Issue.7

本次给大家整理的是《Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science》杂志2024年9月第51卷第7期的论文的题目和摘要，一共包括20篇SCI论文！

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论文1

Spatial inequalities and cities: A review

空间不平等与城市：综述

【摘要】

This special issue of Environment and Planning B focuses on Spatial Inequalities and Cities. As the world progresses to almost a fully urban state, locations, networks, and access shape the everyday lives lived in cities, alongside being the movers and shapers of the future of sustainable and equitable urbanization. This special issue brings together a set of peer-reviewerd papers spanning urban science, urban analytics, geographic information / spatial science, network science, and quantitative socio-economic-spatial analysis, to explore and examine how the morphological, structural and spatial form of cities is linked to the production, maintenance and exacerbation of socio-economic inequalities and injustices. The issue also presents a critical angle on data, methods, and their use, and on how novel data and methods can help shed light on new dimensions of spatial inequalities. This editorial presents a brief critical review of the field of urban spatial inequalities and a summary of the special issue.

【摘要翻译】

《环境与规划B》特刊聚焦于空间不平等与城市。随着世界逐步走向几乎完全城市化，地点、网络和可达性在塑造城市日常生活中发挥着重要作用，同时也是未来可持续和公平城市化的推动者和塑造者。该特刊汇集了一系列经过同行评审的论文，涵盖城市科学、城市分析、地理信息/空间科学、网络科学以及定量社会经济空间分析，旨在探讨和研究城市的形态、结构和空间形式如何与社会经济不平等和不公正的产生、维持和加剧相联系。该期刊还从数据、方法及其使用的角度提出了批判性的观点，以及新颖的数据和方法如何帮助揭示空间不平等的新维度。本文编辑部分对城市空间不平等领域进行了简要的批判性回顾，并总结了特刊的内容。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241263422

【作者信息】

Somwrita Sarkar，悉尼大学，澳大利亚Clémentine Cottineau-Mugadza，代尔夫特理工大学，荷兰Levi J Wolf，布里斯托大学，英国

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论文2

Segregated by design? Street network topological structure and the measurement of urban segregation

设计上的隔离？街道网络拓扑结构与城市隔离的测量

【摘要】

Racial residential segregation is a longstanding topic of focus across the disciplines of urban social science. Classically, segregation indices are calculated based on areal groupings (e.g., counties or census tracts), with more recent research exploring ways that spatial relationships can enter the equation. Spatial segregation measures embody the notion that proximity to one’s neighbors is a better specification of residential segregation than simply who resides together inside the same arbitrarily drawn polygon. Thus, they expand the notion of “who is nearby” to include those who are geographically close to each polygon rather than a binary inside/outside distinction. Yet spatial segregation indices often resort to crude measurements of proximity, such as the Euclidean distance between observations, given the complexity and data requirements of calculating more theoretically appropriate measures, such as distance along the pedestrian travel network. In this paper, we examine the ramifications of such decisions. For each metropolitan region in the U.S., we compute both Euclidean and network-based spatial segregation indices. We use a novel inferential framework to examine the statistical significance of the difference between the two measures and following, we use features of the network topology (e.g., connectivity, circuity, throughput) to explain this difference using a series of regression models. We show that there is often a large difference between segregation indices when measured by these two strategies (which is frequently significant). Further, we explain which topology measures reduce the observed gap and discuss implications for urban planning and design paradigms.

【摘要翻译】

种族居住隔离是城市社会科学各学科长期关注的主题。传统上，隔离指数是基于区域分组（例如，县或普查区）计算的，而近年来的研究则探索了空间关系如何进入这一计算。空间隔离测量体现了这样一种理念：与邻居的接近性比单纯看谁居住在同一个任意划定的多边形内，更能准确表征住宅隔离。因此，它扩展了“谁在附近”的概念，包括那些地理上靠近每个多边形的人，而不仅仅是二元的内外区分。然而，空间隔离指数通常依赖于粗略的接近性测量，例如观测值之间的欧几里得距离，因为计算更符合理论的测量（例如沿步行旅行网络的距离）所需的数据复杂性和要求。在本文中，我们考察了这种决策的影响。我们为美国每个大都市区计算了欧几里得和基于网络的空间隔离指数。我们使用一种新颖的推断框架来检验这两种测量之间差异的统计显著性，随后，我们利用网络拓扑的特征（例如，连通性、环路性、通量）通过一系列回归模型来解释这一差异。我们的研究表明，当使用这两种策略测量时，隔离指数之间通常存在较大差异（且这种差异往往具有显著性）。此外，我们还解释了哪些拓扑测量可以缩小观察到的差距，并讨论了这些结果对城市规划和设计范式的启示。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231197956

【作者信息】

Elijah Knaap，圣地亚哥州立大学，美国Sergio Rey，圣地亚哥州立大学，美国

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论文3

Spatiotemporal gender differences in urban vibrancy

城市活力中的时空性别差异

【摘要】

Urban vibrancy is the dynamic activity of humans in urban locations. It can vary with urban features and the opportunities for human interactions, but it might also differ according to the underlying social conditions of city inhabitants across and within social surroundings. Such heterogeneity in how different demographic groups may experience cities has the potential to cause gender segregation because of differences in the preferences of inhabitants, their accessibility and opportunities, and large-scale mobility behaviours. However, traditional studies have failed to capture fully a high-frequency understanding of how urban vibrancy is linked to urban features, how this might differ for different genders, and how this might affect segregation in cities. Our results show that (1) there are differences between males and females in terms of urban vibrancy, (2) the differences relate to ‘Points of Interest’ as well as transportation networks, and (3) there are both positive and negative ‘spatial spillovers’ existing across each city. To do this, we use a quantitative approach using Call Detail Record data – taking advantage of the near-ubiquitous use of mobile phones – to gain high-frequency observations of spatial behaviours across Italy’s seven most prominent cities. We use a spatial model comparison approach of the direct and ‘spillover’ effects from urban features on male-female differences. Our results increase our understanding of inequality in cities and how we can make future cities fairer.

【摘要翻译】

城市活力是指人类在城市地点的动态活动。城市活力可能因城市特征和人际交往机会的不同而有所变化，但也可能因城市居民的社会条件而在不同社会环境中存在差异。这种不同人口群体在城市中经历的异质性有可能导致性别隔离，因为居民的偏好、可达性和机会以及大规模流动行为的差异。然而，传统研究未能充分捕捉到城市活力与城市特征之间的高频率理解，也未能有效地揭示不同性别之间的差异及其对城市隔离的影响。我们的结果表明：（1）男性和女性在城市活力方面存在差异；（2）这些差异与“兴趣点”以及交通网络相关；（3）每个城市之间都存在正负的“空间溢出效应”。为此，我们采用量化方法，使用通话详细记录数据，利用手机的广泛使用，获取意大利七个主要城市的空间行为的高频观察。我们使用空间模型比较方法分析城市特征对男女差异的直接和“溢出”效应。我们的结果加深了对城市不平等的理解，并为未来城市的公平性提供了改进建议。

【doi】

https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083231209073

【作者信息】

Thomas Collins，埃克塞特大学，英国Riccardo Di Clemente，伦敦东北大学，英国Mario Gutiérrez-Roig，埃塞克斯大学，英国Federico Botta，埃克塞特大学，英国；艾伦·图灵研究所，英国

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论文4

Unraveling transit service and land use components of the socio-spatial inequality of access

解开交通服务和土地利用对社会空间不平等的影响

【摘要】

This study proposes a framework that delineates the mobility and place components of access to help identify areas potentially suffering from insufficient transit service, limited job opportunities, or both. The framework introduces Spatial Inequality of Transit Services (SITS) and Spatial Inequality of Opportunities (SIO) measures to guide the structural reform of transit development policies through the lens of equity, equality, and need. It is tested on transit access to employment opportunities at the block group level in the Washington Metropolitan Area. Three observations are perceived. First, mobility and place components of access should be untangled to tailor effective transit and land use plans and policies. Second, transit services are less equally distributed than employment opportunities and disproportionately serve the residents of core cities. Third, carless and low-income households disproportionally reside in areas with better transit services regardless of their proximity to employment opportunities, and African Americans are discriminated against the most by the unequal distribution of employment opportunities. The findings serve as an essential input for developing regional transit plans and may be utilized to evaluate and prioritize proposed interventions based on their potential to reduce observed access deficiencies. However, further targeted research on residential location choice is necessary to delve into the decision-making processes, understand underlying motivations, identify potential barriers in seeking alternative options, and determine if it is a result of self-selection.

【摘要翻译】

本研究提出了一种框架，以阐明可达性的流动性和地点组成部分，帮助识别可能因公共交通服务不足、就业机会有限或两者兼而有之而受到影响的区域。该框架引入了公共交通服务空间不平等（SITS）和机会空间不平等（SIO）指标，以便通过公平、平等和需求的视角指导公共交通发展政策的结构改革。该框架在华盛顿大都会区的街区群体层面上对就业机会的交通可达性进行了测试。可以观察到三个现象。首先，交通可达性的流动性和地点组成部分应加以拆分，以便制定有效的交通和土地使用计划及政策。其次，公共交通服务的分布比就业机会不均，且在很大程度上服务于核心城市的居民。第三，无车和低收入家庭不成比例地居住在公共交通服务较好的地区，无论其与就业机会的接近性如何，而非裔美国人则在就业机会的不平等分配中受到的歧视最多。这些发现为制定区域交通计划提供了重要的参考，并可以用来评估和优先考虑提出的干预措施，以减少观察到的可达性缺陷。然