Ubuntu下pip install cartopy报错完整可行解决方案

Ubuntu下pip install cartopy报错解决方法

一、Cartopy介绍

• Cartopy介绍
  Cartopy是一个用于地理空间数据处理的Python包，用于生成地图和其他地理空间数据分析。

• 工作原理：
  利用强大的project .4，NumPy和Shapely库，并包括一个构建在Matplotlib之上的编程接口，用于创建发布质量地图。

• 主要特性
  定义投影、点线面之间的转换等。

二、解决方案

1.错误信息

使用pip安装Cartopy库时，出现报错：

  <string>:117: UserWarning: Unable to determine GEOS version. Ensure you have 3.7.2 or later installed, or installation may fail.
  Proj 8.0.0 must be installed.

安装命令：

pip install cartopy

详细错误信息如下：

pip install cartopy

Collecting cartopy
  Downloading Cartopy-0.20.3.tar.gz (10.8 MB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 10.8 MB 1.7 MB/s
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... error
  ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
   command: /usr/bin/python3 /tmp/tmpb3nj3t_y get_requires_for_build_wheel /tmp/tmpfdg6t0pj
       cwd: /tmp/pip-install-qapq224f/cartopy
  Complete output (2 lines):
  <string>:117: UserWarning: Unable to determine GEOS version. Ensure you have 3.7.2 or later installed, or installation may fail.
  Proj 8.0.0 must be installed.
  ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: /usr/bin/python3 /tmp/tmpb3nj3t_y get_requires_for_build_wheel /tmp/tmpfdg6t0pj Check the logs for full command output.

2.环境

• Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
• python 3.8.10
  【注】
  1、安装 cartopy 时，python版本必须大于等于3.8
  2、Ubuntu 必须是 20.04 或以上版本
  szZack的博客

3.解决方法

• 3.1安装依赖

  apt-get update
  apt-get install libgeos-dev  libgeos++-dev proj-bin libproj-dev -y
  apt-get install sqlite3
  apt-get update -y && apt-get install -y  apt-utils autoconf automake libxmu-dev libpcap-dev curl  gcc gdb  ipython3  python-tk
  apt install pkg-config
  apt-get install libtiff-dev
  apt install -y libghc-curl-dev
  

  szZack的博客

• 3.2安装proj-8.2.1

  wget https://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-8.2.1.tar.gz
  tar -xf proj-8.2.1.tar.gz
  cd proj-8.2.1
  ./configure && make && make install
  

  修改环境变量 ：

  vi  ~/.bashrc
  # 在末尾输入内容：
  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/home/proj-8.2.1/src/.libs
  

  【注】退出终端，重启进入终端才会生效

• 3.3安装 cartopy

  pip install cartopy
  

4.成功解决

pip install cartopy

Collecting cartopy
  Using cached Cartopy-0.20.3.tar.gz (10.8 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
    Preparing wheel metadata ... done
Collecting pyshp>=2.1
  Downloading pyshp-2.3.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (46 kB)
     |████████████████████████████████| 46 kB 595 kB/s
Requirement already satisfied: pyproj>=3.0.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages (from cartopy) (3.3.1)
Requirement already satisfied: shapely>=1.6.4 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages (from cartopy) (1.8.4)
Requirement already satisfied: matplotlib>=3.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages (from cartopy) (3.5.3)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.18 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages (from cartopy) (1.23.2)
Requirement already satisfied: certifi in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages (from pyproj>=3.0.0->cartopy) (2022.6.15)
Requirement already satisfied: cycler>=0.10 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages (from matplotlib>=3.1->cartopy) (0.11.0)
Requirement already satisfied: kiwisolver>=1.0.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages (from matplotlib>=3.1->cartopy) (1.4.4)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=20.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages (from matplotlib>=3.1->cartopy) (21.3)
Requirement already satisfied: pillow>=6.2.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages (from matplotlib>=3.1->cartopy) (9.2.0)
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.7 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages (from matplotlib>=3.1->cartopy) (2.8.2)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing>=2.2.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages (from matplotlib>=3.1->cartopy) (3.0.9)
Requirement already satisfied: fonttools>=4.22.0 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages (from matplotlib>=3.1->cartopy) (4.36.0)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in /usr/local/lib/python3.8/dist-packages (from python-dateutil>=2.7->matplotlib>=3.1->cartopy) (1.16.0)
Building wheels for collected packages: cartopy
  Building wheel for cartopy (PEP 517) ... done
  Created wheel for cartopy: filename=Cartopy-0.20.3-cp38-cp38-linux_x86_64.whl size=11004824 sha256=d8f825952ce1756fc34092a8e2319a65bf6a020bbd12c54ead36d1f212303270
  Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/0a/88/c1/b220aefe265631e8ed2212b818f96db51258683079a6d442f3
Successfully built cartopy
Installing collected packages: pyshp, cartopy
Successfully installed cartopy-0.20.3 pyshp-2.3.1

出现上面的信息说明 cartopy 安装成功
szZack的博客

5.测试cartopy

# python3
Python 3.8.10 (default, Jun 22 2022, 20:18:18)
[GCC 9.4.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import cartopy
>>> 

没有报错则说明安装成功！