304. Range Sum Query 2D - Immutable

本文介绍了一种高效解决二维矩阵区间求和问题的方法。通过预处理实现快速查询任意指定矩形区域内的元素总和,特别适用于矩阵不变且需频繁查询的情况。

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Given a 2D matrix matrix, find the sum of the elements inside the rectangle defined by its upper left corner (row1, col1) and lower right corner (row2, col2).
这里写图片描述
Range Sum Query 2D
The above rectangle (with the red border) is defined by (row1, col1) = (2, 1) and (row2, col2) = (4, 3), which contains sum = 8.

Example:
Given matrix = [
[3, 0, 1, 4, 2],
[5, 6, 3, 2, 1],
[1, 2, 0, 1, 5],
[4, 1, 0, 1, 7],
[1, 0, 3, 0, 5]
]

sumRegion(2, 1, 4, 3) -> 8
sumRegion(1, 1, 2, 2) -> 11
sumRegion(1, 2, 2, 4) -> 12
Note:
You may assume that the matrix does not change.
There are many calls to sumRegion function.
You may assume that row1 ≤ row2 and col1 ≤ col2.

s思路:
1. 从1d变成2d,方法并没变,仍然通过o(m*n)预处理得到所有从[0,0]到[i,j]的所有元素之和!
2. bug:加括号,尤其是问号表达式!不然运算顺序就不保证了。


class NumMatrix {
private:
    vector<vector<int>> res;
public:
    NumMatrix(vector<vector<int>> matrix) {
        res=matrix;
        for(int i=0;i<res.size();i++){
            for(int j=0;j<res[0].size();j++){
                res[i][j]=res[i][j]+(i>0?res[i-1][j]:0)+(j>0?res[i][j-1]:0)-(i>0&&j>0?res[i-1][j-1]:0);//bug:加括号,尤其是问号表达式!不然运算顺序就不保证了。
            }    
        }
    }

    int sumRegion(int row1, int col1, int row2, int col2) {
        return res[row2][col2]-(col1>0?res[row2][col1-1]:0)-(row1>0?res[row1-1][col2]:0)+(col1>0&&row1>0?res[row1-1][col1-1]:0);//bug:加括号,尤其是问号表达式!不然运算顺序就不保证了。
    }
};

/**
 * Your NumMatrix object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * NumMatrix obj = new NumMatrix(matrix);
 * int param_1 = obj.sumRegion(row1,col1,row2,col2);
 */
一、综合实战—使用极轴追踪方式绘制信号灯 实战目标:利用对象捕捉追踪和极轴追踪功能创建信号灯图形 技术要点:结合两种追踪方式实现精确绘图,适用于工程制图中需要精确定位的场景 1. 切换至AutoCAD 操作步骤: 启动AutoCAD 2016软件 打开随书光盘中的素材文件 确认工作空间为"草图与注释"模式 2. 绘图设置 1)草图设置对话框 打开方式:通过"工具→绘图设置"菜单命令 功能定位:该对话框包含捕捉、追踪等核心绘图辅助功能设置 2)对象捕捉设置 关键配置: 启用对象捕捉(F3快捷键) 启用对象捕捉追踪(F11快捷键) 勾选端点、中心、圆心、象限点等常用捕捉模式 追踪原理:命令执行时悬停光标可显示追踪矢量,再次悬停可停止追踪 3)极轴追踪设置 参数设置: 启用极轴追踪功能 设置角度增量为45度 确认后退出对话框 3. 绘制信号灯 1)绘制圆形 执行命令:"绘图→圆→圆心、半径"命令 绘制过程: 使用对象捕捉追踪定位矩形中心作为圆心 输入半径值30并按Enter确认 通过象限点捕捉确保圆形位置准确 2)绘制直线 操作要点: 选择"绘图→直线"命令 捕捉矩形上边中点作为起点 捕捉圆的上象限点作为终点 按Enter结束当前直线命令 重复技巧: 按Enter可重复最近使用的直线命令 通过圆心捕捉和极轴追踪绘制放射状直线 最终形成完整的信号灯指示图案 3)完成绘制 验证要点: 检查所有直线是否准确连接圆心和象限点 确认极轴追踪的45度增量是否体现 保存绘图文件(快捷键Ctrl+S)
[2025-06-04 16:02:18,809] INFO Registered kafka:type=kafka.Log4jController MBean (kafka.utils.Log4jControllerRegistration$) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,395] INFO Setting -D jdk.tls.rejectClientInitiatedRenegotiation=true to disable client-initiated TLS renegotiation (org.apache.zookeeper.common.X509Util) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,503] INFO Registered signal handlers for TERM, INT, HUP (org.apache.kafka.common.utils.LoggingSignalHandler) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,509] INFO starting (kafka.server.KafkaServer) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,510] INFO Connecting to zookeeper on 97.2.171.140:2181 (kafka.server.KafkaServer) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,540] INFO [ZooKeeperClient Kafka server] Initializing a new session to 97.2.171.140:2181. (kafka.zookeeper.ZooKeeperClient) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,548] INFO Client environment:zookeeper.version=3.6.3--6401e4ad2087061bc6b9f80dec2d69f2e3c8660a, built on 04/08/2021 16:35 GMT (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,548] INFO Client environment:host.name=i-app-ecs-0003.novalocal (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,548] INFO Client environment:java.version=1.8.0_262 (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,548] INFO Client environment:java.vendor=Oracle Corporation (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,548] INFO Client environment:java.home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.262.b10-1.an7.x86_64/jre (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,548] INFO Client environment:java.class.path=/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/activation-1.1.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/aopalliance-repackaged-2.6.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/argparse4j-0.7.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/audience-annotations-0.5.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/commons-cli-1.4.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/commons-lang3-3.8.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/connect-api-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/connect-basic-auth-extension-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/connect-json-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/connect-mirror-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/connect-mirror-client-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/connect-runtime-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/connect-transforms-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/hk2-api-2.6.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/hk2-locator-2.6.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/hk2-utils-2.6.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-annotations-2.12.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-core-2.12.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-databind-2.12.6.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-dataformat-csv-2.12.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-datatype-jdk8-2.12.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-jaxrs-base-2.12.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-jaxrs-json-provider-2.12.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-module-jaxb-annotations-2.12.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-module-scala_2.12-2.12.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jakarta.activation-api-1.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jakarta.inject-2.6.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jakarta.validation-api-2.0.2.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jakarta.ws.rs-api-2.1.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jakarta.xml.bind-api-2.3.2.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/javassist-3.27.0-GA.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/javax.servlet-api-3.1.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/javax.ws.rs-api-2.1.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jaxb-api-2.3.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jersey-client-2.34.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jersey-common-2.34.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jersey-container-servlet-2.34.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jersey-container-servlet-core-2.34.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jersey-hk2-2.34.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jersey-server-2.34.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-client-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-continuation-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-http-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-io-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-security-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-server-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-servlet-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-servlets-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-util-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-util-ajax-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jline-3.21.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jopt-simple-5.0.4.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jose4j-0.7.9.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka_2.12-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-clients-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-log4j-appender-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-metadata-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-raft-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-server-common-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-shell-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-storage-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-storage-api-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-streams-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-streams-examples-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-streams-scala_2.12-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-streams-test-utils-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-tools-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/lz4-java-1.8.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/maven-artifact-3.8.4.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/metrics-core-2.2.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/metrics-core-4.1.12.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-buffer-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-codec-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-common-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-handler-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-resolver-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-tcnative-classes-2.0.46.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-transport-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-transport-classes-epoll-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-transport-native-epoll-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-transport-native-unix-common-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/osgi-resource-locator-1.0.3.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/paranamer-2.8.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/plexus-utils-3.3.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/reflections-0.9.12.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/reload4j-1.2.19.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/rocksdbjni-6.29.4.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/scala-collection-compat_2.12-2.6.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/scala-java8-compat_2.12-1.0.2.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/scala-library-2.12.15.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/scala-logging_2.12-3.9.4.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/scala-reflect-2.12.15.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/slf4j-api-1.7.36.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/slf4j-reload4j-1.7.36.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/snappy-java-1.1.8.4.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/trogdor-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/zookeeper-3.6.3.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/zookeeper-jute-3.6.3.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/zstd-jni-1.5.2-1.jar (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,548] INFO Client environment:java.library.path=/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,549] INFO Client environment:java.io.tmpdir=/tmp (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,549] INFO Client environment:java.compiler=<NA> (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,549] INFO Client environment:os.name=Linux (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,549] INFO Client environment:os.arch=amd64 (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,549] INFO Client environment:os.version=3.10.0-1160.an7.x86_64 (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,549] INFO Client environment:user.name=root (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,549] INFO Client environment:user.home=/root (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,549] INFO Client environment:user.dir=/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,549] INFO Client environment:os.memory.free=1013MB (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,549] INFO Client environment:os.memory.max=1024MB (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,549] INFO Client environment:os.memory.total=1024MB (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,552] INFO Initiating client connection, connectString=97.2.171.140:2181 sessionTimeout=18000 watcher=kafka.zookeeper.ZooKeeperClient$ZooKeeperClientWatcher$@5bf0d49 (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,557] INFO jute.maxbuffer value is 4194304 Bytes (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxnSocket) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,564] INFO zookeeper.request.timeout value is 0. feature enabled=false (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,570] INFO [ZooKeeperClient Kafka server] Waiting until connected. (kafka.zookeeper.ZooKeeperClient) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,577] INFO Client successfully logged in. (org.apache.zookeeper.Login) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,578] INFO Client will use DIGEST-MD5 as SASL mechanism. (org.apache.zookeeper.client.ZooKeeperSaslClient) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,595] INFO Opening socket connection to server i-app-ecs-0003.novalocal/97.2.171.140:2181. (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,595] INFO SASL config status: Will attempt to SASL-authenticate using Login Context section 'Client' (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,600] INFO Socket connection established, initiating session, client: /97.2.171.140:38148, server: i-app-ecs-0003.novalocal/97.2.171.140:2181 (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,621] INFO Session establishment complete on server i-app-ecs-0003.novalocal/97.2.171.140:2181, session id = 0x108ea89bff30000, negotiated timeout = 18000 (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,632] INFO [ZooKeeperClient Kafka server] Connected. (kafka.zookeeper.ZooKeeperClient) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,722] ERROR Fatal error during KafkaServer startup. Prepare to shutdown (kafka.server.KafkaServer) org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException$InvalidACLException: KeeperErrorCode = InvalidACL for /brokers/ids at org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.create(KeeperException.java:128) at org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.create(KeeperException.java:54) at kafka.zookeeper.AsyncResponse.maybeThrow(ZooKeeperClient.scala:566) at kafka.zk.KafkaZkClient.createRecursive(KafkaZkClient.scala:1728) at kafka.zk.KafkaZkClient.makeSurePersistentPathExists(KafkaZkClient.scala:1626) at kafka.zk.KafkaZkClient.$anonfun$createTopLevelPaths$1(KafkaZkClient.scala:1618) at kafka.zk.KafkaZkClient.$anonfun$createTopLevelPaths$1$adapted(KafkaZkClient.scala:1618) at scala.collection.immutable.List.foreach(List.scala:431) at kafka.zk.KafkaZkClient.createTopLevelPaths(KafkaZkClient.scala:1618) at kafka.server.KafkaServer.initZkClient(KafkaServer.scala:501) at kafka.server.KafkaServer.startup(KafkaServer.scala:203) at kafka.Kafka$.main(Kafka.scala:109) at kafka.Kafka.main(Kafka.scala) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,725] INFO shutting down (kafka.server.KafkaServer) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,728] INFO [ZooKeeperClient Kafka server] Closing. (kafka.zookeeper.ZooKeeperClient) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,833] INFO Session: 0x108ea89bff30000 closed (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,834] INFO EventThread shut down for session: 0x108ea89bff30000 (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,836] INFO [ZooKeeperClient Kafka server] Closed. (kafka.zookeeper.ZooKeeperClient) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,839] INFO App info kafka.server for 0 unregistered (org.apache.kafka.common.utils.AppInfoParser) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,840] INFO shut down completed (kafka.server.KafkaServer) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,840] ERROR Exiting Kafka. (kafka.Kafka$) [2025-06-04 16:02:19,840] INFO shutting down (kafka.server.KafkaServer) [2025-06-04 16:15:57,279] INFO Registered kafka:type=kafka.Log4jController MBean (kafka.utils.Log4jControllerRegistration$) [2025-06-04 16:15:57,862] INFO Setting -D jdk.tls.rejectClientInitiatedRenegotiation=true to disable client-initiated TLS renegotiation (org.apache.zookeeper.common.X509Util) [2025-06-04 16:15:57,976] INFO Registered signal handlers for TERM, INT, HUP (org.apache.kafka.common.utils.LoggingSignalHandler) [2025-06-04 16:15:57,981] INFO starting (kafka.server.KafkaServer) [2025-06-04 16:15:57,982] INFO Connecting to zookeeper on 97.2.171.140:2181 (kafka.server.KafkaServer) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,015] INFO [ZooKeeperClient Kafka server] Initializing a new session to 97.2.171.140:2181. (kafka.zookeeper.ZooKeeperClient) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,030] INFO Client environment:zookeeper.version=3.6.3--6401e4ad2087061bc6b9f80dec2d69f2e3c8660a, built on 04/08/2021 16:35 GMT (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,031] INFO Client environment:host.name=i-app-ecs-0003.novalocal (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,031] INFO Client environment:java.version=1.8.0_262 (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,031] INFO Client environment:java.vendor=Oracle Corporation (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,031] INFO Client environment:java.home=/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.8.0-openjdk-1.8.0.262.b10-1.an7.x86_64/jre (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,031] INFO Client environment:java.class.path=/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/activation-1.1.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/aopalliance-repackaged-2.6.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/argparse4j-0.7.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/audience-annotations-0.5.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/commons-cli-1.4.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/commons-lang3-3.8.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/connect-api-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/connect-basic-auth-extension-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/connect-json-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/connect-mirror-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/connect-mirror-client-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/connect-runtime-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/connect-transforms-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/hk2-api-2.6.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/hk2-locator-2.6.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/hk2-utils-2.6.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-annotations-2.12.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-core-2.12.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-databind-2.12.6.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-dataformat-csv-2.12.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-datatype-jdk8-2.12.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-jaxrs-base-2.12.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-jaxrs-json-provider-2.12.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-module-jaxb-annotations-2.12.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jackson-module-scala_2.12-2.12.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jakarta.activation-api-1.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jakarta.annotation-api-1.3.5.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jakarta.inject-2.6.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jakarta.validation-api-2.0.2.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jakarta.ws.rs-api-2.1.6.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jakarta.xml.bind-api-2.3.2.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/javassist-3.27.0-GA.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/javax.servlet-api-3.1.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/javax.ws.rs-api-2.1.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jaxb-api-2.3.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jersey-client-2.34.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jersey-common-2.34.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jersey-container-servlet-2.34.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jersey-container-servlet-core-2.34.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jersey-hk2-2.34.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jersey-server-2.34.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-client-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-continuation-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-http-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-io-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-security-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-server-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-servlet-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-servlets-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-util-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jetty-util-ajax-9.4.44.v20210927.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jline-3.21.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jopt-simple-5.0.4.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/jose4j-0.7.9.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka_2.12-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-clients-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-log4j-appender-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-metadata-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-raft-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-server-common-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-shell-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-storage-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-storage-api-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-streams-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-streams-examples-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-streams-scala_2.12-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-streams-test-utils-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/kafka-tools-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/lz4-java-1.8.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/maven-artifact-3.8.4.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/metrics-core-2.2.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/metrics-core-4.1.12.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-buffer-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-codec-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-common-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-handler-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-resolver-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-tcnative-classes-2.0.46.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-transport-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-transport-classes-epoll-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-transport-native-epoll-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/netty-transport-native-unix-common-4.1.73.Final.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/osgi-resource-locator-1.0.3.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/paranamer-2.8.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/plexus-utils-3.3.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/reflections-0.9.12.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/reload4j-1.2.19.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/rocksdbjni-6.29.4.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/scala-collection-compat_2.12-2.6.0.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/scala-java8-compat_2.12-1.0.2.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/scala-library-2.12.15.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/scala-logging_2.12-3.9.4.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/scala-reflect-2.12.15.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/slf4j-api-1.7.36.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/slf4j-reload4j-1.7.36.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/snappy-java-1.1.8.4.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/trogdor-3.2.1.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/zookeeper-3.6.3.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/zookeeper-jute-3.6.3.jar:/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka/bin/../libs/zstd-jni-1.5.2-1.jar (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,031] INFO Client environment:java.library.path=/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,031] INFO Client environment:java.io.tmpdir=/tmp (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,031] INFO Client environment:java.compiler=<NA> (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,031] INFO Client environment:os.name=Linux (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,032] INFO Client environment:os.arch=amd64 (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,032] INFO Client environment:os.version=3.10.0-1160.an7.x86_64 (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,032] INFO Client environment:user.name=root (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,032] INFO Client environment:user.home=/root (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,032] INFO Client environment:user.dir=/home/kafka/kafka2023/kafka (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,032] INFO Client environment:os.memory.free=1013MB (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,032] INFO Client environment:os.memory.max=1024MB (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,032] INFO Client environment:os.memory.total=1024MB (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,035] INFO Initiating client connection, connectString=97.2.171.140:2181 sessionTimeout=18000 watcher=kafka.zookeeper.ZooKeeperClient$ZooKeeperClientWatcher$@5bf0d49 (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,040] INFO jute.maxbuffer value is 4194304 Bytes (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxnSocket) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,047] INFO zookeeper.request.timeout value is 0. feature enabled=false (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,052] INFO [ZooKeeperClient Kafka server] Waiting until connected. (kafka.zookeeper.ZooKeeperClient) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,057] INFO Client successfully logged in. (org.apache.zookeeper.Login) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,059] INFO Client will use DIGEST-MD5 as SASL mechanism. (org.apache.zookeeper.client.ZooKeeperSaslClient) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,074] INFO Opening socket connection to server i-app-ecs-0003.novalocal/97.2.171.140:2181. (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,074] INFO SASL config status: Will attempt to SASL-authenticate using Login Context section 'Client' (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,078] INFO Socket connection established, initiating session, client: /97.2.171.140:38154, server: i-app-ecs-0003.novalocal/97.2.171.140:2181 (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,093] INFO Session establishment complete on server i-app-ecs-0003.novalocal/97.2.171.140:2181, session id = 0x108ea97a7a70000, negotiated timeout = 18000 (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,098] INFO [ZooKeeperClient Kafka server] Connected. (kafka.zookeeper.ZooKeeperClient) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,184] ERROR Fatal error during KafkaServer startup. Prepare to shutdown (kafka.server.KafkaServer) org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException$InvalidACLException: KeeperErrorCode = InvalidACL for /brokers/ids at org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.create(KeeperException.java:128) at org.apache.zookeeper.KeeperException.create(KeeperException.java:54) at kafka.zookeeper.AsyncResponse.maybeThrow(ZooKeeperClient.scala:566) at kafka.zk.KafkaZkClient.createRecursive(KafkaZkClient.scala:1728) at kafka.zk.KafkaZkClient.makeSurePersistentPathExists(KafkaZkClient.scala:1626) at kafka.zk.KafkaZkClient.$anonfun$createTopLevelPaths$1(KafkaZkClient.scala:1618) at kafka.zk.KafkaZkClient.$anonfun$createTopLevelPaths$1$adapted(KafkaZkClient.scala:1618) at scala.collection.immutable.List.foreach(List.scala:431) at kafka.zk.KafkaZkClient.createTopLevelPaths(KafkaZkClient.scala:1618) at kafka.server.KafkaServer.initZkClient(KafkaServer.scala:501) at kafka.server.KafkaServer.startup(KafkaServer.scala:203) at kafka.Kafka$.main(Kafka.scala:109) at kafka.Kafka.main(Kafka.scala) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,187] INFO shutting down (kafka.server.KafkaServer) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,189] INFO [ZooKeeperClient Kafka server] Closing. (kafka.zookeeper.ZooKeeperClient) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,295] INFO Session: 0x108ea97a7a70000 closed (org.apache.zookeeper.ZooKeeper) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,296] INFO EventThread shut down for session: 0x108ea97a7a70000 (org.apache.zookeeper.ClientCnxn) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,298] INFO [ZooKeeperClient Kafka server] Closed. (kafka.zookeeper.ZooKeeperClient) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,301] INFO App info kafka.server for 0 unregistered (org.apache.kafka.common.utils.AppInfoParser) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,302] INFO shut down completed (kafka.server.KafkaServer) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,302] ERROR Exiting Kafka. (kafka.Kafka$) [2025-06-04 16:15:58,302] INFO shutting down (kafka.server.KafkaServer)
06-06
<think>首先,用户在问如何解决Kafka服务器启动时的错误:"KafkaServerstartuperrorInvalidACLExceptionKeeperErrorCode=InvalidACLfor/brokers/ids"。这是在Zookeeper的路径`/brokers/ids`上发生权限问题。从站内引用看:-引用[1]说:"ACLsontheKafkaznodesarenotremovedwhiledisablingKerberos."这解释了错误可能是因为在禁用Kerberos时Znode的ACL没有被移除。-其他引用涉及SASL认证、SSL认证、fetchsize问题,和用户队列后缀,不太直接相关。但引用[2]提到SASL权限认证可能相关,引用[4]是关于用户队列的,不直接相关。用户的错误提到`InvalidACLException`和`/brokers/ids`,这表明Zookeeper的ACL无效或损坏。我的回答应该:-系统指令:使用正确的LaTeX格式。比如行内数学用$...$,独立公式用$$...$$。-使用中文回答。-生成相关问题。-引用段落末尾自然地加引用标识,如[^1]。-回答结构清晰,真实可靠。步骤解决这个问题:1.**理解错误**:`InvalidACLException`for`/brokers/ids`通常是因为Zookeeper中的ACL不正确。可能的原因包括:-ACL被意外修改或损坏。-当集群配置变更(如启用或禁用安全机制)时,ACL没有被正确更新。-从引用[1],禁用Kerberos时,ACL可能没被移除。2.**解决方案**:-连接到Zookeeper服务器。-删除或修复`/brokers/ids`的ACL。-具体步骤:-使用Zookeeper的CLI(如`zkCli.sh`)连接到集群。-检查`/brokers/ids`路径:`ls/brokers/ids`,然后`get/brokers/ids`查看ACL。-删除无效ACL:参考引用[1],需要移除ACL。可能用`delete`命令删除节点并重建,或者用`setAcl`重置ACL。-设置合适的ACL:如果启用了安全认证,ACL应该正确配置;如果没启用,可以设置为开放权限。-在禁用Kerberos后,可能需要清除所有Zookeeper上与ACL相关的内容。来自引用[1]的建议:移除Kafkaznode上的ACL。一个常见的方法是删除Zookeeper中的`/brokers/ids`节点,并让Kafka在启动时重新创建它。但这可能会导致数据丢失,如果BrokerIDs有信息。更安全的做法是用`setAcl`设置默认权限。一般步骤:-**停止Kafka服务器**。-**备份Zookeeper数据**(可选但推荐)。-**连接到Zookeeper**:`./bin/zkCli.sh-serverlocalhost:2181`(调整端口)。-**检查路径**:`ls/brokers/ids`,应该列出BrokerIDs。-**重置ACL**:可能用`setAcl/brokers/idsworld:anyone:cdrwa`设置为开放权限。但如果集群有安全认证,不能这样;安全模式下需要设置认证用户的ACL。-或者,完全删除节点:`delete/brokers/ids`–但`/brokers/ids`可能有数据。如果有子节点,用`rmr/brokers/ids`(删除递归)。删除后,Kafka服务器在启动时会重新创建它。-**重启Kafka服务器**。在禁用安全功能后:-确保所有Zookeeper路径的ACL被清除。参考引用[1],运行工具或命令来移除ACL。可能用脚本或使用`kafka-configs.sh`工具。其他参考:搜索类似问题,标准方案是删除Zookeeper节点或修复ACL。在回答中,结构化:-解释错误原因。-提供解决步骤。-给出预防建议。引用来源:从引用[1],直接在提到时加[^1]。最后,生成相关问题:-KafkaACL是如何工作的?-如何避免在Kafka启动时出现ACL问题?-Kafka和Zookeeper之间的认证有哪些最佳实践?使用中文回答。</think> ### Kafka服务器启动错误 "InvalidACLException KeeperErrorCode=InvalidACL for /brokers/ids" 解决方案 这个错误通常发生在 Kafka 服务器启动时,涉及 Zookeeper 路径 `/brokers/ids` 的访问控制列表(ACL)无效或损坏。根据错误信息和参考内容(尤其是引用[1]),主要原因可能是: - **ACL 未正确清除**:在禁用 Kerberos 或更改安全配置时,Kafka znodes(如 `/brokers/ids`)的 ACL 可能未被完全移除,导致启动时 Zookeeper 拒绝访问[^1]。 - **ACL 配置冲突**:如果集群安全机制(如 SASL 或 SSL)被修改后,Zookeeper 中的 ACL 权限未同步更新,会出现权限无效问题。 以下是完整解决方法,逐步操作以修复错误: --- ### 步骤 1: 停止 Kafka 服务并备份 在操作前,确保 Kafka 集群停止运行,以避免数据不一致。 1. **停止 Kafka Broker**:运行 `bin/kafka-server-stop.sh`(Linux)或相应脚本停止所有 Kafka 节点。 2. **备份 Zookeeper 数据**(推荐): - 连接到 Zookeeper:`bin/zkCli.sh -server localhost:2181`(替换为您的 Zookeeper 地址)。 - 导出节点数据:`get /brokers/ids > backup.txt` 保存为备份。 这能防止意外操作导致数据丢失。 --- ### 步骤 2: 修复 ACL 权限 使用 Zookeeper CLI 修复 `/brokers/ids` 的无效 ACL: 1. **连接到 Zookeeper**: ```bash bin/zkCli.sh -server zookeeper_host:port # 替换为实际地址,如 localhost:2181 ``` 2. **检查问题路径**: - 列出路径:`ls /brokers/ids`,确认节点存在。 - 查看当前 ACL:`getAcl /brokers/ids`。如果显示 `InvalidACL`,说明权限损坏。 3. **重置 ACL 为默认权限**: - 设置为开放权限(无安全认证时适用): ```bash setAcl /brokers/ids world:anyone:cdrwa # 设置全局读写权限[^1] ``` - 如果启用安全认证(如 SASL),使用认证用户设置: ```bash setAcl /brokers/ids sasl:user:kafka-admin:cdrwa # 替换为您的 Kafka 管理员用户 ``` 4. **可选:递归修复子节点**(如果错误涉及所有 Broker ID): ```bash rmr /brokers/ids # 删除整个节点(Kafka 启动时自动重建) ``` 警告:此操作会删除 Broker ID 元数据。Kafka 重启后 Broker 会重新注册新 ID,但需确保 Zookeeper 中无其他依赖错误。 --- ### 步骤 3: 重启并验证 1. **重启 Zookeeper**:执行 `bin/zkServer.sh restart` 确保权限生效。 2. **重启 Kafka**:运行 `bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties`。 3. **验证修复**: - 检查日志:`tail -f logs/server.log`。无 `InvalidACLException` 错误即成功。 - 测试功能:用 `bin/kafka-broker-api-versions.sh --bootstrap-server localhost:9092` 确认 Broker 状态正常。 --- ### 预防措施 - **安全配置变更时清理 ACL**:禁用 Kerberos 或 SASL 后,运行官方工具(如 `kafka-configs.sh`)显式清除 znodes ACL[^1]。 - **定期监控 ACL**:通过 `getAcl /brokers/ids` 检查权限一致性,避免配置漂移。 - **引用相关建议**:配置 SASL/SSL 认证时,确保 Zookeeper ACL 与 Kafka 同步(参考引用[2]的安全文档)[^2]。 ---
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