TMMI_测试过程改进框架_管理级别5_测试计划_3

SG 2 Establish a Test Approach 建立测试方法

A test approach, based on identified product risks, is established and agreed upon. 根据产品风险验证，测试方法被建立和同意。

SP 2.1 Identify items and features to be tested 鉴定要测试的东东和功能

The items and features to be tested, and not to be tested, are identified based on the product risks.

Example work products 1. List of items to be tested and not to be tested 2. List of features to be tested and not to be tested

Sub-practices 1. Breakdown the prioritized product risks into items to be tested and not to be tested 2. Document the risk level and source documentation (test basis) for each identified item to be tested 3. Breakdown the prioritized product risks into features to be tested and not to be tested 4. Document the risk level and source documentation (test basis) for each identified feature to be tested 5. Review with stakeholders the list of items and features to be tested and not to be tested

需要测试的东东和特制，不需要测试的，需要根据产品风险来验证

例子工作产品：1. 需要测试和不需要测试的。 2，需要测试功能点和不需要测试的

子实践：1. 细化高优先级产品风险，把他们变成一条条要测试或者不需要测试的东东。 2. 对于每一个验证的要测试的东东文档化风险等级和文档来源。3.细化重点的产品风险为要测试和不测试的功能点。4.文档化每一个要测试的功能点。 5. 和利益相关人重审要测试和不测试的功能点。

SP 2.2 Define the test approach 定义测试方法

The test approach is defined to mitigate the identified and prioritized product risks. Example work products 1. The approach, e.g., selected set of test design techniques, should be described in sufficient detail to support identification of major test tasks and estimation of the time required to do each one. Sub-practices 1. Select the test design techniques to be used. Multiple test design techniques are defined to provide adequate test coverage based on the defined product risks     Criteria for selecting a test design technique include the following:  Type of system  Regulatory standards  Customer or contractual requirements  Level of risk  Type of risk  Documentation available  Knowledge of the testers  Time and budget  Development lifecycle  Previous experience with types of defects found 2. Define the approach to review test work products 3. Define the approach for re-testing Examples of approaches for re-testing include the following:  For all high risk test items a full re-test will take place re-executing the full test procedure  For all low risk test items the incidents are re-tested in isolation 4. Define the approach for regression testing Examples of elements of a regression test approach include the following:  Focus of the regression testing, e.g., which items and/or features  Methods to select the test cases to be executed  Type of testing to be performed  Manual testing or using test automation tools 5. Identify the supporting test tools to be used 6. Identify significant constraints regarding the test approach Examples of constraints regarding the test approach include the following:Test resource availability  Test environment features  Project deadlines 7. Align the test approach with the defined organization-wide or program-wide test strategy 8. Identify any non-compliance to the test strategy and its rationale 9. Review the test approach with stakeholders 10. Revise the test approach as appropriate Examples of when the test approach may need to be revised include the following:  New or changed priority level of product risks  Lessons learned after applying the test approach in the project

测试方法被定义用来减少已经证明的和高优先级的产品风险。

例子产品：1. 方法。比如，选择一系列测试设计技术，应该被足够细节的描述来支持明确主要的测试任务和评估完成每一个工作需要的时间。

子任务：1.选择测试设计技术。多种测试技术被定义来提供基于定义的产品风险的充分的测试覆盖率。2. 定义测试方法重审测试工作产品。

SP 2.3 Define entry criteria  定义进入测试 标准

The entry criteria for testing are defined to prevent testing from starting under conditions that do not allow for a thorough test process. Example work products 1. Entry criteria per identified test level Sub-practices 1. Define a set of entry criteria related to the test process Examples of entry criteria related to the test process include the following:  The availability of a test summary report from the previous test level  The availability of a test environment according to requirements  The availability of documentation, e.g., test release notes, user manual, installation manual 2. Define a set of entry criteria related to product quality Examples of entry criteria related to product quality include the following:  A successful intake test  No outstanding defects (of priority level X)  All outstanding defects have been analyzed 3. Review the entry criteria with stakeholders, especially those responsible for meeting the entry criteria

定义测试的开始进入 标准来阻止测试在整个测试过程不允许的情况下开始。 就是达到开始条件。

例子工作产品： 1.经过验证的开始的 标准。

子任务：1.定义一系列关系到测试流程的开始进入节点。 2. 定义关系到产品质量的开始进入点。 3. 和相关利益人审核开始进入点。

SP 2.4 Define exit criteria 定义出口 标准

The exit criteria for testing are defined to determine when testing is complete. Example work products 1. Exit criteria per identified test level Sub-practices 1. Define a set of exit criteria related to the test process Examples of exit criteria related to the test process include the following:  Percentage of tests prepared that have been executed (successfully)  Percentage of coverage for each test item, e.g., code coverage or requirements coverage  The availability of an approved test summary report2. Define a set of exit criteria related to product quality Examples of exit criteria related to product quality include the following:  All high priority product risks mitigated  Defect detection rate falls below a threshold  Number of outstanding defects (by priority level)  Percentage of software modules supported by an inspected design 3. Review the exit criteria with stakeholders Note that the exit criteria of a test level should be aligned with the entry criteria of the subsequent test level.

测试出口 标准被定义来决定什么时候测试结束。 

例子工作产品： 1. 每个测试等级对应的出口 标准

子任务： 1.定义一系列测试流程关联的出口 标准。 2. 定义一些列产品质量相关的出口 标准。 3. 审核出口 标准

SP 2.5 Define suspension and resumption criteria 定义暂停和重启 标准

Criteria are defined that will be used to suspend and resume all or a portion of the test tasks on the test items and/or features. Example work products 1. Suspension criteria 2. Resumption criteria Sub-practices 1. Specify the suspension criteria used to suspend all or a portion of the test tasks on the test items and/or features Examples of suspension criteria include the following:  Number of critical defects  Number of non-reproducible defects  Issues with test execution due to the test environments 2. Specify the resumption criteria used to specify the test tasks that must be repeated when the criteria that caused the suspension are removed

 标准被定义并且被使用来暂停和重启所有或者部分测试任务。

例子工作产品：1. 暂停标准 2. 重启标准

子任务： 。。。