TMMI_测试过程改进框架_管理级别5_测试计划_2

Specific Practices by Goals 指定实践

SG 1 Perform a Product Risk Assessment  执行产品风险评估

A product risk assessment is performed to identify the critical areas for testing.

产品风险评估被执行来确定关键域被测试了。

SP 1.1 Define product risk categories and parameters      定义产品风险种类和特征

Product risk categories and parameters are defined that will be used during the product risk assessment. Example work products 1. Product risk categories lists 2. Product risk evaluation and prioritization criteria Sub-practices 1. Determine product risk categories A reason for identifying product risk categories is to help in the future consolidation of the test tasks into test types in the test plans. Examples of product risk categories include the following:  Functional risks  Architectural risks  Non-functional risks, e.g., usability, efficiency, portability, maintainability, reliability  Change related risks, e.g., regression 2. Define consistent criteria for evaluating and quantifying the product risk likelihood and impact levels 3. Define thresholds for each product risk level Risk level is defined as the importance of a risk as defined by its characteristics (impact and likelihood). For each risk level, thresholds can be established to determine the acceptability or unacceptability of a product risk, prioritization of product risks, or to set a trigger for management action.

产品风险种类和特制被定义，在产品风险评估中被使用。例子工作产品， 1. 产品风险种类列表，2.产品风险评估和优先准则。

子实践：1.  决定产品风险类别，举例，功能风险，框架风险，非功能风险【通常指可用，效率，可移植】，变化相关的风险。

2.【 为评估和量化产品风险的可能性】和 影响水平 定义一致的标准。3.为每一个产品风险等级定义阀值。

SP 1.2 Identify product risks  鉴定产品风险

Product risks are identified and documented. Example work products 1. Identified product risks Sub-practices 1. Identify and select stakeholders that need to contribute to the risk assessment 2. Identify product risks using input from stakeholders and requirements documents Examples of product risk identification techniques include the following:  Risk workshops  Brainstorming  Expert interviews  Checklists  Lessons learned 3. Document the background and potential consequences of the risk 4. Identify the relevant stakeholders associated for each risk 5. Review the identified product risks against the test assignment

产品风险被定义和文档化。例子工作产品：鉴定产品风险

子实践： 1. 明确和选择利益相关人。 3. 文档化背景和潜在的 风险结果。 

SP 1.3 Analyze product risks   分析产品风险

Product risks are evaluated, categorized and prioritized using the predefined product risk categories and parameters. Example work products 1. Product risk list, with a category and priority assigned to each risk Sub-practices 1. Analyze the identified products risks using the predefined parameters, e.g., likelihood and impact 2. Categorize and group product risks according to the defined risk categories 3. Prioritize the product risks for mitigation 4. Establish a horizontal traceability between products risks and requirements to ensure that the source of product risks is documented 5. Generate a requirements / product risks traceability matrix 6. Review and obtain agreement with stakeholders on the completeness, category and priority level of the product risks 7. Revise the product risks as appropriate Examples of when product risks may need to be revised include the following:  New or changing requirements  Change of the software development approach  Lessons learned on quality issues in the project

使用之前定义的产品风险分类和特制，产品风险被评估，分类，和优先化。

例子工作产品： 产品风险列表，包含分类和优先项。 

子实践：分析和验证产品风险。 2.对产品风险分类。 3. 优先化产品风险来减少风险。 4.建立一个在产品风险和需求之间的横行可追溯来确保产品风险的原因被文档化。 5. 产生需求，产品风险跟踪矩阵。 6， 审核和获得与利益相关人在完整性上的一致。