threejs 模拟天空

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-17 08:51:17 发布

王天平·Jason Wong

最新推荐文章于 2025-03-17 08:51:17 发布

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分类专栏： threejs 文章标签： javascript html html5

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/wangping146/article/details/120485982

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这篇博客介绍了如何在HTML中声明WebGL变量，并通过Three.js库初始化3D环境。作者展示了如何创建一个模拟天空的球体，使用自定义的顶点和片段着色器，以及调整光照来实现逼真的效果。最后，博客演示了如何渲染和动画这个3D场景。

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1.在html声明webgl变量

<script type="x-shader/x-vertex" id="vertexShader">
			varying vec3 vWorldPosition;
			void main() {
				vec4 worldPosition = modelMatrix * vec4( position, 1.0 );
				vWorldPosition = worldPosition.xyz;
				gl_Position = projectionMatrix * modelViewMatrix * vec4( position, 1.0 );
			}
</script>

<script type="x-shader/x-fragment" id="fragmentShader">

			uniform vec3 topColor;
			uniform vec3 bottomColor;
			uniform float offset;
			uniform float exponent;

			varying vec3 vWorldPosition;

			void main() {

				float h = normalize( vWorldPosition + offset ).y;
				gl_FragColor = vec4( mix( bottomColor, topColor, max( pow( max( h, 0.0 ), exponent ), 0.0 ) ), 1.0 );

			}

</script>

2.初始化3d环境

let camera, scene, renderer;
camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera( 40, SCREEN_WIDTH / SCREEN_HEIGHT, 1, 10000 );
				camera.position.set( 700, 200, - 500 );

				// SCENE

				scene = new THREE.Scene();

				// LIGHTS

				const light = new THREE.DirectionalLight( 0xaabbff, 0.3 );
				light.position.x = 300;
				light.position.y = 250;
				light.position.z = - 500;
				scene.add( light );

##3.创建天空

使用一个球体模拟天空

				const vertexShader = document.getElementById( 'vertexShader' ).textContent;
				const fragmentShader = document.getElementById( 'fragmentShader' ).textContent;
				const uniforms = {
					topColor: { value: new THREE.Color( 0x0077ff ) },
					bottomColor: { value: new THREE.Color( 0xffffff ) },
					offset: { value: 400 },
					exponent: { value: 0.6 }
				};
				uniforms.topColor.value.copy( light.color );

				const skyGeo = new THREE.SphereGeometry( 4000, 32, 15 );
				const skyMat = new THREE.ShaderMaterial( {
					uniforms: uniforms,
					vertexShader: vertexShader,
					fragmentShader: fragmentShader,
					side: THREE.BackSide
				} );

				const sky = new THREE.Mesh( skyGeo, skyMat );
				scene.add( sky );

4.渲染

				// RENDERER

				renderer = new THREE.WebGLRenderer( { antialias: true } );
				renderer.setPixelRatio( window.devicePixelRatio );
				renderer.setSize( SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT );
				container.appendChild( renderer.domElement );
				renderer.outputEncoding = THREE.sRGBEncoding;
				
function animate() {

				requestAnimationFrame( animate );

				renderer.render( scene, camera );
				stats.update();

			}
animate()