Herd Mentality(群集心态)

最新推荐文章于 2021-01-13 13:27:09 发布

翻译最新推荐文章于 2021-01-13 13:27:09 发布 · 1.2k 阅读

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本文深入解析了人类社会中的羊群效应及其对消费者行为、投资决策的影响，从历史背景到现代研究，包括心理学家和社会学家的相关理论，如群体心理、模仿行为等。同时，分析了情绪因素如何导致投资者的恐慌购买或抛售行为，进而形成市场泡沫与崩溃现象。引用《智慧的群众》等著作，讨论文化、社会和经济因素如何汇聚形成趋势，以及行为金融学如何识别并预测投资者的理性与非理性行为。

History[edit]

Herd mentality and herd behavior have been prevalent descriptors for human behavior since people began to form tribes, migrate in groups, and perform cooperative marketing and agricultural functions. The idea of a "group mind" or "mob behavior" was first put forward by 19th-century French social psychologistsGabriel Tarde and Gustave Le Bon. Herd behavior in human societies has also been studied by Sigmund Freud and Wilfred Trotter, whose book Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War is a classic in the field of social psychology. Sociologist and Economist Thorstein Veblen's The Theory of the Leisure Class illustrates how individuals imitate other group members of higher social status in their consumer behavior. More recently, Malcolm Gladwell in The Tipping Point, examines how cultural, social, and economic factors converge to create trends in consumer behavior. In 2004, the New Yorker 's financial columnist James Suroweicki publishedThe Wisdom of Crowds.

21st-century academic fields such as marketing and behavioral finance attempt to identify and predict the rational and irrational behavior of investors. (See the work of Daniel Kahneman, Robert Shiller, Vernon L. Smith, and Amos Tversky.) Driven by emotional reactions such as greed and fear, investors can be seen to join in frantic purchasing and sales of stocks, creating bubbles and crashes. As a result, herd behavior is closely studied by behavioral finance experts in order to help predict future economic crises.^[1]