洛谷 P2146 软件包管理器

本文通过一道具体的题目详细解析了树链剖分的应用方法。文章提供了完整的代码实现,并记录了作者在调试过程中遇到的问题及解决思路。适合有一定数据结构基础并希望深入理解树链剖分的读者。

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题目链接
题目分析:

很裸的树链剖分,没啥可讲的,不过我也不晓得我的怎么就错了,调试了半天,输出了样例,最后只过了两个点,打的我好崩溃!需要学习树剖的可以点击树链剖分详解

程序代码

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
const int maxn=200005;
int n,k=0,x,head[maxn],q,deep[maxn],father[maxn],size[maxn];
int tid[maxn],top[maxn],son[maxn],tidnum=0,pos[maxn];
char s[15];
struct node {
    int to,next;
} edge[maxn<<1];
struct Node {
    int left,right,flag,sum;
} tree[maxn<<2];
void add(int u,int v) {
    edge[++k].to=v;
    edge[k].next=head[u];
    head[u]=k;
}
int read() {
    int x=0;
    char ch=getchar();
    while(ch<48||ch>57) ch=getchar();
    while(ch>=48&&ch<=57) x=x*10+ch-48,ch=getchar();
    return x;
}
void dfs1(int x,int fa,int depth) {
    size[x]=1;
    father[x]=fa;
    deep[x]=depth;
    for(int i=head[x]; i; i=edge[i].next) {
        if(edge[i].to==fa) continue;
        dfs1(edge[i].to,x,depth+1);
        size[x]+=size[edge[i].to];
        if(!son[x]||size[edge[i].to]>size[son[x]]) son[x]=edge[i].to;
    }
}
void dfs2(int x,int tp) {
    tid[x]=++tidnum;
    pos[tid[x]]=x;
    top[x]=tp;
    if(!son[x]) return;
    dfs2(son[x],tp);
    for(int i=head[x]; i; i=edge[i].next) {
        if(edge[i].to!=son[x]&&edge[i].to!=father[x])
            dfs2(edge[i].to,edge[i].to);
    }
}
void build(int id,int l,int r) {
    tree[id].left=l;
    tree[id].right=r;
    tree[id].sum=0;
    tree[id].flag=-1;
    if(l==r) return;
    int mid=(l+r)>>1;
    build(id<<1,l,mid);
    build(id<<1|1,mid+1,r);
    return;
}
void downdata(int id) {
    tree[id<<1].sum=(tree[id<<1].right-tree[id<<1].left+1)*tree[id].flag;
    tree[id<<1|1].sum=(tree[id<<1|1].right-tree[id<<1|1].left+1)*tree[id].flag;
    tree[id<<1].flag=tree[id<<1|1].flag=tree[id].flag;
    tree[id].flag=-1;
}
int get(int id,int l,int r) {
    if(tree[id].right<l||tree[id].left>r) return 0;
    if(tree[id].right<=r&&tree[id].left>=l) return tree[id].sum;
    if(tree[id].flag!=-1) downdata(id);
    return get(id<<1,l,r)+get(id<<1|1,l,r);
}
void update(int id,int l,int r,int val) {
    if(tree[id].right<l||tree[id].left>r) return;
    if(tree[id].right<=r&&tree[id].left>=l) {
        tree[id].sum=(tree[id].right-tree[id].left+1)*val;
        tree[id].flag=val;
        return;
    }
    if(tree[id].flag!=-1) downdata(id);
    update(id<<1,l,r,val);
    update(id<<1|1,l,r,val);
    tree[id].sum=tree[id<<1].sum+tree[id<<1|1].sum;
    return;
}
void change(int u,int v,int val) {
    while(top[u]!=top[v]) {
        if(deep[top[u]]<deep[top[v]]) std::swap(u,v);
        update(1,tid[top[u]],tid[u],val);
        u=father[top[u]];
    }
    if(deep[u]>deep[v]) std::swap(u,v);
    update(1,tid[u],tid[v],val);
    return;
}
int main() {
    n=read();
    for(int i=2; i<=n; i++) {
        x=read();
        x++;
        add(x,i);
    }
    dfs1(1,1,1);
    dfs2(1,1);
    q=read();
    build(1,1,tidnum);
    for(int i=1; i<=q; i++) {
        scanf("%s",s);
        x=read();
        x++;
        int t1=tree[1].sum;
        if(s[0]=='i') {
            change(1,x,1);
            int t2=tree[1].sum;
            printf("%d\n",abs(t2-t1));

        }
        if(s[0]=='u') {
            update(1,tid[x],tid[x]+size[x]-1,0);
            int t2=tree[1].sum;
            printf("%d\n",abs(t1-t2));
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
调一下代码(洛谷P2146软件包管理器): #include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n, q, tim, cnt, a[100010], w[100010]; vector<int> v[100010]; int siz[100010], ft[100010], dep[100010], son[100010], dfn[100010], bl[100010], top[100010]; int sum[400010], add[400010], tl[400010], tr[400010], in[100010], out[100010]; void dfs1(int x, int fa){ siz[x] = 1; ft[x] = fa; dep[x] = dep[fa] + 1; int maxn = 0, maxm = -1; for(auto i : v[x]){ if(i == fa) continue; dfs1(i, x); siz[x] += siz[i]; if(siz[i] > maxn){ maxn = siz[i]; maxm = i; } } son[x] = maxm; } void dfs2(int x, int fa, int tp){ dfn[x] = ++ tim; in[x] = tim; bl[x] = tp; if(son[x] != -1) dfs2(son[x], x, tp); for(auto i : v[x]){ if(i == fa) continue; if(i != son[x]){ top[++ cnt] = i; dfs2(i, x, cnt); } } out[x] = tim; } void downdata(int bh){ if(add[bh] == -1) return; add[bh << 1] = add[bh]; add[bh << 1 | 1] = add[bh]; sum[bh << 1] = (tr[bh << 1] - tl[bh << 1] + 1) * add[bh]; sum[bh << 1 | 1] = (tr[bh << 1 | 1] - tl[bh << 1 | 1] + 1) * add[bh]; add[bh] = -1; } void updata(int bh){ sum[bh] = sum[bh << 1] + sum[bh << 1 | 1]; } void build(int bh, int l, int r){ tl[bh] = l, tr[bh] = r, add[bh] = -1; if(l == r){ sum[bh] = w[l]; return; } int mid = (l + r) >> 1; build(bh << 1, l, mid); build(bh << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r); updata(bh); } void modifiy(int bh, int l, int r, int d){ if(r < tl[bh] || l > tr[bh]) return; if(tl[bh] >= l && tr[bh] <= r){ add[bh] = d; sum[bh] = (tr[bh] - tl[bh] + 1) * d; return; } downdata(bh); modifiy(bh << 1, l, r, d); modifiy(bh << 1 | 1, l, r, d); updata(bh); } int query_sum(int bh, int l, int r, int fl){ if(r < tl[bh] || l > tr[bh]) return 0; if(tl[bh] >= l && tr[bh] <= r){ if(fl) return sum[bh]; else return tr[bh] - tl[bh] + 1 - sum[bh]; } downdata(bh); return query_sum(bh << 1, l, r, fl) + query_sum(bh << 1 | 1, l, r, fl); } void change(int t1, int t2, int d){ while(bl[t1] != bl[t2]){ if(dep[top[bl[t1]]] < dep[top[bl[t2]]]) swap(t1, t2); modifiy(1, dfn[top[bl[t1]]], dfn[t1], d); t1 = ft[top[t1]]; } if(dfn[t1] > dfn[t2]) swap(t1, t2); modifiy(1, dfn[t1], dfn[t2], d); } int ask_sum(int t1, int t2, int fl){ int ans = 0; while(bl[t1] != bl[t2]){ if(dep[top[bl[t1]]] < dep[top[bl[t2]]]) swap(t1, t2); ans += query_sum(1, dfn[top[bl[t1]]], dfn[t1], fl); t1 = ft[top[bl[t1]]]; } if(dfn[t1] > dfn[t2]) swap(t1, t2); ans += query_sum(1, dfn[t1], dfn[t2], fl); return ans; } int main(){ scanf("%d", &n); for(int i = 2; i <= n; ++ i){ int x; scanf("%d", &x); ++ x; v[i].push_back(x); v[x].push_back(i); } dfs1(1, 0); cnt = 1; top[1] = 1; dfs2(1, 0, 1); build(1, 1, n); scanf("%d", &q); while(q --){ string s; int x; cin >> s; scanf("%d", &x); ++ x; if(s == "install"){ int t = ask_sum(1, x, 0) + query_sum(1, in[x], out[x], 0); change(1, x, 1); modifiy(1, in[x], out[x], 1); printf("%d\n", t); } else{ int t = ask_sum(1, x, 1) + query_sum(1, in[x], out[x], 1); change(1, x, 0); modifiy(1, in[x], out[x], 0); printf("%d\n", t); } } return 0; }
03-13
调一下代码(洛谷P2146): #include<bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; int n, q, tim, cnt, a[100010], w[100010]; vector<int> v[100010]; int siz[100010], ft[100010], dep[100010], son[100010], dfn[100010], bl[100010], top[100010]; int sum[400010], add[400010], tl[400010], tr[400010], in[100010], out[100010]; void dfs1(int x, int fa){ siz[x] = 1; ft[x] = fa; dep[x] = dep[fa] + 1; int maxn = 0, maxm = -1; for(auto i : v[x]){ if(i == fa) continue; dfs1(i, x); siz[x] += siz[i]; if(siz[i] > maxn){ maxn = siz[i]; maxm = i; } } son[x] = maxm; } void dfs2(int x, int fa, int tp){ dfn[x] = ++ tim; in[x] = tim; bl[x] = tp; if(son[x] != -1) dfs2(son[x], x, tp); for(auto i : v[x]){ if(i == fa) continue; if(i != son[x]){ top[++ cnt] = i; dfs2(i, x, cnt); } } out[x] = tim; } void downdata(int bh){ if(add[bh] == -1) return; add[bh << 1] = add[bh]; add[bh << 1 | 1] = add[bh]; sum[bh << 1] = (tr[bh << 1] - tl[bh << 1] + 1) * add[bh]; sum[bh << 1 | 1] = (tr[bh << 1 | 1] - tl[bh << 1 | 1] + 1) * add[bh]; add[bh] = -1; } void updata(int bh){ sum[bh] = sum[bh << 1] + sum[bh << 1 | 1]; } void build(int bh, int l, int r){ tl[bh] = l, tr[bh] = r, add[bh] = -1; if(l == r){ sum[bh] = 0; return; } int mid = (l + r) >> 1; build(bh << 1, l, mid); build(bh << 1 | 1, mid + 1, r); updata(bh); } void modifiy(int bh, int l, int r, int d){ if(r < tl[bh] || l > tr[bh]) return; if(tl[bh] >= l && tr[bh] <= r){ add[bh] = d; sum[bh] = (tr[bh] - tl[bh] + 1) * d; return; } downdata(bh); modifiy(bh << 1, l, r, d); modifiy(bh << 1 | 1, l, r, d); updata(bh); } int query_sum(int bh, int l, int r, int fl){ if(r < tl[bh] || l > tr[bh]) return 0; if(tl[bh] >= l && tr[bh] <= r){ if(fl) return sum[bh]; else return tr[bh] - tl[bh] + 1 - sum[bh]; } downdata(bh); return query_sum(bh << 1, l, r, fl) + query_sum(bh << 1 | 1, l, r, fl); } void change(int t1, int t2, int d){ while(bl[t1] != bl[t2]){ if(dep[top[bl[t1]]] < dep[top[bl[t2]]]) swap(t1, t2); modifiy(1, dfn[top[bl[t1]]], dfn[t1], d); t1 = ft[top[t1]]; } if(dfn[t1] > dfn[t2]) swap(t1, t2); modifiy(1, dfn[t1], dfn[t2], d); } int ask_sum(int t1, int t2, int fl){ int ans = 0; while(bl[t1] != bl[t2]){ if(dep[top[bl[t1]]] < dep[top[bl[t2]]]) swap(t1, t2); ans += query_sum(1, dfn[top[bl[t1]]], dfn[t1], fl); t1 = ft[top[bl[t1]]]; } if(dfn[t1] > dfn[t2]) swap(t1, t2); ans += query_sum(1, dfn[t1], dfn[t2], fl); return ans; } int main(){ scanf("%d", &n); for(int i = 2; i <= n; ++ i){ int x; scanf("%d", &x); ++ x; v[i].push_back(x); v[x].push_back(i); } dfs1(1, 0); cnt = 1; top[1] = 1; dfs2(1, 0, 1); build(1, 1, n); scanf("%d", &q); while(q --){ string s; int x; cin >> s; scanf("%d", &x); ++ x; if(s == "install"){ int t = ask_sum(1, x, 0); change(1, x, 1); printf("%d\n", t); } else{ int t = query_sum(1, in[x], out[x], 1); modifiy(1, in[x], out[x], 0); printf("%d\n", t); } } return 0; } 错误数据: 输入: 7 0 0 0 1 1 5 5 install 5 install 6 uninstall 1 install 4 uninstall 0 正确输出: 3 1 3 2 3 错误输出: 3 1 3 2 2
最新发布
03-13
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