对弗雷格和罗素通用符号表示法的批判性剖析及一般性概念的深入探讨
1. 弗雷格和罗素通用符号表示法的不足
弗雷格和罗素的通用符号表示法中,“(∃n)”特别是“(∃x)”概念存在实际困难。该符号源于自然语言表达 “There is a… with such and such a property” ,如 “book in my library” “thing in this room” 等,人们会想到可逐个遍历的对象。经过升华过程,其形式变为 “There is an object such that…” ,最初我们认为世界上所有对象与房间里的 “对象” (如桌子、椅子、书等)完全类似,但实际上 “(∃x) etc.” 的语法在很多情况下与作为原型的原始情况截然不同。
例如,“There are only two circles in this square” 形式化为 “There is no object that has the property of being a circle in this square, and of being neither circle a nor circle b” 或 “There are not three objects that have the property of being a circle in this square” 时,原始图像与符号应用之间的差异变得尤为明显。“There are only two things that are circles in this square” 听起来很荒谬,将 “There are two circles in this square” 硬塞进这种形式并无益处,反而会让我们忽视该命题语法未被澄清的事实。同时,罗素
弗雷格与罗素符号系统的批判
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