codeforces 711D Directed Roads

本文解析了Codeforces平台上的题目CF711D,介绍了如何通过深度优先搜索(DFS)来解决涉及图论中环与链的问题,并提供了完整的C++代码实现。

题目链接:cf 711D


这个题主要是读题意比较难

因为是n个点,n条边,那么肯定会有环存在

那么,一旦出现了环,就出现了题中给的非法情况


那么,我们根据连通情况将图中的点分类(按照乘法原理,先各自计算当前的集合之中有几个数,然后相乘)

在每个集合中,如果出现了环,假设环中的点数为x,那么可以的方案数目为(2^x-2)(样例1)

如果既有环,又有链子,假设环中的点数为x,链子中的点数为y,那么可以的方案数目为(2^x-2)*(2^y),当然在操作中是只能求出x+y的(样例3)


那么,这个题就是dfs搜索搞定的

cf的题目很多都是需要数学方法先想明白,其实代码实现确实不难吧


#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

#define LL __int64
const int maxn=2e5+50;
struct Edge{
    int nxt,to;
}edge[maxn<<1];
LL mod=1e9+7,d[maxn],ans,sum,f[maxn];
int Head[maxn],cnt;
bool vis[maxn];

void addedge(int u,int v){
    edge[cnt].nxt=Head[u];
    edge[cnt].to=v;
    Head[u]=cnt++;
}

void dfs(int u,int p,int dep){
    if (!ans&&vis[u]){
        ans=dep-d[u]?dep-d[u]:2;
        return;
    }
    else if (vis[u]) return;
    d[u]=dep;
    vis[u]=true;
    ++sum;
    for(int i=Head[u];~i;i=edge[i].nxt){
        int v=edge[i].to;
        if (v==p) continue;
        dfs(v,u,dep+1);
    }
}

int main(){
    //freopen("input.txt","r",stdin);
    f[0]=1;
    for(int i=1;i<maxn;i++) f[i]=f[i-1]*2LL%mod;
    int n,u;
    while(scanf("%d",&n)!=EOF){
        memset(Head,-1,sizeof(Head));
        memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
        cnt=0;
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++){
            scanf("%d",&u);
            addedge(u,i);
            addedge(i,u);
        }
        LL res=1;
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        if (!vis[i]){
            ans=sum=0;
            dfs(i,-1,1);
            res=((res*(f[ans]-2)%mod+mod)*f[sum-ans])%mod;
        }
        cout<<res<<endl;
    }
    return 0;
}


### Codeforces 1487D Problem Solution The problem described involves determining the maximum amount of a product that can be created from given quantities of ingredients under an idealized production process. For this specific case on Codeforces with problem number 1487D, while direct details about this exact question are not provided here, similar problems often involve resource allocation or limiting reagent type calculations. For instance, when faced with such constraints-based questions where multiple resources contribute to producing one unit of output but at different ratios, finding the bottleneck becomes crucial. In another context related to crafting items using various materials, it was determined that the formula `min(a[0],a[1],a[2]/2,a[3]/7,a[4]/4)` could represent how these limits interact[^1]. However, applying this directly without knowing specifics like what each array element represents in relation to the actual requirements for creating "philosophical stones" as mentioned would require adjustments based upon the precise conditions outlined within 1487D itself. To solve or discuss solutions effectively regarding Codeforces' challenge numbered 1487D: - Carefully read through all aspects presented by the contest organizers. - Identify which ingredient or component acts as the primary constraint towards achieving full capacity utilization. - Implement logic reflecting those relationships accurately; typically involving loops, conditionals, and possibly dynamic programming depending on complexity level required beyond simple minimum value determination across adjusted inputs. ```cpp #include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; int main() { int n; cin >> n; vector<long long> a(n); for(int i=0;i<n;++i){ cin>>a[i]; } // Assuming indices correspond appropriately per problem statement's ratio requirement cout << min({a[0], a[1], a[2]/2LL, a[3]/7LL, a[4]/4LL}) << endl; } ``` --related questions-- 1. How does identifying bottlenecks help optimize algorithms solving constrained optimization problems? 2. What strategies should contestants adopt when translating mathematical formulas into code during competitive coding events? 3. Can you explain why understanding input-output relations is critical before implementing any algorithmic approach? 4. In what ways do prefix-suffix-middle frameworks enhance model training efficiency outside of just tokenization improvements? 5. Why might adjusting sample proportions specifically benefit models designed for tasks requiring both strong linguistic comprehension alongside logical reasoning skills?
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