知识见闻 - Salesforce公司发展史

How Salesforce Built a $13 Billion Empire from a CRM

当中国企业还在犹豫上不上云,To B的大客户销售还在绞尽脑汁,构思话术来为客户排解顾虑,SaaS领域的的头把交椅Salesforce已经快要迎接20岁的生日了。
Salesforce可以说是所有SaaS公司的先行者。创建于1999年的Salesforce重新定义了CRM市场。Salesforce特立独行,高举“No Software” 大旗,是个彻彻底底的颠覆者。
从云CRM工具起步,Salesforce快速成长为一家市值数百亿美元的SaaS巨无霸,目前已成为全球按需CRM解决方案的领导者。Salesforce取得的巨大成功开创了一个全新的时代,成功带领企业软件进入一种新的商业模式时代:软件通过互联网和订阅租赁的方式提供给用户使用。
Salesforce是如何取得今天的成绩的?未来的Salesforce将走向何方?我们能从它的发展经历中吸取哪些经验?本文将为你一一揭秘。
2000年,Marc Benioff发起了硅谷有史以来第一次戏剧性的抗议活动。
In 2000, Marc Benioff staged the first theatrical protest that Silicon Valley had ever seen.

The CEO of a tiny startup that no one had heard of paid actors to carry “anti-software” signs. They marched in front of a user conference for Siebel Systems, which sold customer relationship management software. Later that year, Benioff hosted a military-themed party where guests threw “pieces of software” into trash bins.
这位名不见经传的小创业公司的CEO雇佣了一批演员,让他们举着印有“No Software”的标识牌子在Siebel Systems公司举行的用户大会的场地附近游行,Siebel Systems公司做的是客户关系管理软件。同年晚些时候,Benioff举办了一个以军事为主题的聚会,在聚会上,客人们把一些软件的碎片扔进垃圾箱。
Benioff的这些噱头成功地引起了人们的注意,但没有人真正相信Benioff的初创公司Salesforce有能力与大型软件公司PK。Business Insider当时还专门写了一篇关于Benioff发起的抗议活动的文章,将Salesforce描述为“野餐中的蚂蚁”。
The stunts gained attention, but no one really believed that Benioff’s startup Salesforce could take on giant software companies. Business Insider wrote an article on the protest and called Salesforce “the ant at the picnic.”
如今,被称为“野餐中的蚂蚁”的Salesforce已经创造了2500亿美元的全球市场。Benioff的Salesforce是建立在这个理念上的:软件应该能够通过云端7×24小时 为用户提供服务。Salesforce是第一家这样做的公司。在20世纪90年代末,甲骨文和SAP等公司向企业客户销售的软件件需要进行本地安装和更新。如今,甲骨文、SAP和其他很多公司都开始跟风开发云产品,试图抓住Salesforce发起的运动。
The ant at the picnic has helped to create a $250 billion global market. Benioff’s company was built around one main idea: that software should be delivered 24/7 to people over the cloud. Salesforce was the first company to do this. In the late 1990s, companies like Oracle and SAP were selling software to businesses that had to be installed and updated on-premise. Now, Oracle, SAP, and the rest of the world are belatedly building cloud products, trying to catch on to the movement that Salesforce started.
Salesforce自诩自己开发的CRM工具是世界上第一款云产品,并积极宣传公司的愿景。他们围绕一个相对简单的产品向用户兜售云的概念,然后,他们开始开发其它产品,并寻找培育一个不断增长的生态系统的方法,最理想的情况是能驱动Salesforce的营收增长。现在,Salesforce通过打造更多的用例并改进自己产品的方式来直接应对竞争对手的竞争,从而捍卫自己现在的地位。
Salesforce staked a claim by building one of the first cloud products, a CRM tool, and aggressively evangelizing the company’s vision. They sold users on the idea of the cloud around a relatively straightforward product. Then they started building out other products and looking for ways to nurture a growing ecosystem—ideally to drive revenue back to Salesforce. Now, they’re defending their position as an incumbent by building more use cases and improving their own products in direct response to competitors.
为了更好地了解Salesforce的诞生和崛起,我们需要回答下面这些问题:
1. Salesforce是如何通过一种没人听说过的方式来成功颠覆现有的、基于本地部署的软件提供商的市场的?
2. 在如今竞争对手云集的行业里,Salesforce是如何保持住这样的成功,并能够持续增加营收并在产品上不断创新的?
3. Salesforce如何既能够做到持续增长和创新、同时保持其品牌的连续性的?
下面就让我们更深入地了解一下这个具有开创性的SaaS巨头是如何诞生的,以及它未来的发展方向。
This unique entrance and growth in the software industry prompts a few questions:
* How did Salesforce so successfully disrupt the market of incumbent, on-premise software providers with a model no one had heard of before?
* How has Salesforce remained so successful and continued to grow revenue and innovate on their products in an industry that is now crowded with competitors?
* How can Salesforce continue to grow and innovate while maintaining continuity with their brand?
Let’s take a deeper look at how the original SaaS behemoth got its start, and where it can go moving forward.
1999-2004: Making it easier for people to use software
1999-2004:让用户能够更容易地使用软件
Salesforce的将所有软件都带到云端的愿景是具有革命性的。但是你无法一下子就树立这样一个愿景,在过去18年时间里,Salesforce一直在努力将这个愿景变成现实。刚开始的时候,云的概念是抽象的和笨拙的。为了真正树立他们的愿景,他们必须从一款产品开始做起。
Salesforce’s vision to bring all software to the cloud was revolutionary. But you can’t build a vision in one fell swoop—Salesforce has been bringing their vision to life over the past 18 years. At the beginning, the concept of the cloud was abstract and unwieldy. To actually build their vision, they had to start with just one product.
在20世纪90年代末,客户关系管理软件行业热闹非凡。像甲骨文和SAP这样的大企业之间的竞争鼓励更多的企业在自己的产品中添加越来越多的功能和特性,使得他们的产品变得非常笨重而复杂。但是企业客户仍在使用它们,因为它们需要一个集中系统来跟踪销售和客户数据。
In the late 1990s, there was a lot of activity in the customer relationship management software industry. Competition between big enterprise companies, like Oracle and SAP, was encouraging companies to add more and more features and offerings to their products, making them bulky and complex. But companies still used them because they needed a centralized system to keep track of sales and customer data.
Salesforce的几位联合创始人都曾有过在CRM和销售团队自动化产品方面的工作经验。Salesforce开始着手开发一款比市场上那些笨重的产品更加简单易用的产品。很快,他们的产品就开发完成了,而且能很容易地与现有的系统进行集成,能方便地按用户数付费,而且产品总是运行得很快。
The co-founders of Salesforce all had experience working on CRMs and sales force automation. Salesforce set out to make a product that was simpler and easier to use than the bulky products that were available. Theirs would be quick to set up, integrated easily with existing systems, easy to pay for per user, and would always run fast.
早期的产品开发和市场营销工作都是围绕一个简单的想法为来开展的:让CRM软件更容易使用。下面是Salesforce将这个简单的想法变成现实的时间表:
Early product development and marketing centered around a simple idea: making CRM software easier to use. Here’s a timeline of how the company brought that simple idea to life:
1999:Salesforce的联合创始人 Marc Benioff从数据库公司甲骨文的副总裁的职位上离职。1986年,刚大学毕业的Benioff加入了当时世界最大的企业软件公司甲骨文,成为公司的前200名员工之一。你可能不知道的是,他在甲骨文的第一个工作是电话客服,主要负责接听公司的800热线电话。
但他很快爱上了这个职业,发现同客户打交道很有意思,而且与编程相比,自己更擅长与人打交道。出于对苹果的热爱,他总是找各种机会向老板Larry Ellison兜售自己开拓苹果市场的计划,并很快被后者提升为甲骨文Mac部门的主管。年仅23岁,他就被授予Oracle最佳新秀的荣誉。
3年后,Marc又晋升为副总裁,也是当时公司最年轻的副总裁。在甲骨文多年的工作经历让Benioff对企业软件有了深刻的理解,并且对传统企业软件的定论 “拥有才能控制” 有了不同的想法,这也是他后来创办Salesforce的主要原因之一。
Salesforce 联合创始人马克-贝尼奥夫(Marc Benioff)从甲骨文公司(Oracle)数据库副总裁的职位上离职,此前他在客户支持部门工作了 13 年。在此期间,他与甲骨文创始人拉里-埃里森(Larry Ellison)建立了密切的工作关系。同时,他也对如何改进客户关系管理软件和一般软件形成了自己的想法:
1999: Salesforce co-founder Marc Benioff left his role as Vice President of database company Oracle after working his way up from customer support over the course of 13 years. In that time, he’d developed a close working relationship with Oracle founder Larry Ellison. He’d also formed ideas about how CRM software—and software in general—could be improved:
“这种(云交付)模式使软件类似于公用事业,就像每月支付电费一样。为什么客户不能为一项随时随地运行业务应用的服务按月付费呢?- 马克-贝尼奥夫
“This [cloud delivery] model made software similar to a utility, akin to paying a monthly electric bill. Why couldn’t customers pay a monthly bill for a service that would run business applications whenever and wherever?” – Marc Benioff
在甲骨文的时候,Benioff就开始做一些风险投资,并从投资的一些项目中获得了丰厚的回报。因此他对创业这件事是有一些了解的。
1999年,Benioff放弃了在甲骨文稳定的工作和优厚的待遇,毅然决然地离职创办了Salesforce。很多今天在职场如鱼得水的人们虽然也有创业的想法,但是可能永远也不会行动。
对于Benioff的这一决定,前老板Larry Ellison也非常支持,除了给他200万美元作为天使投资外,Larry 还允许Benioff上午在Salesforce工作,下午来甲骨文上班,还承诺如果日后Salesforce经营不善,Marc还可以重回甲骨文。
当Benioff离开甲骨文时,他从一家他投资过的创业公司里招聘了三名咨询顾问,与他合作打造一个更好的CRM工具,这三名咨询顾问分别是Parker Harris、Dave Moellenhoff和Frank Dominguez。因为他们以前曾一起工作过,因此形成了良好的关系,有些人之前甚至还参与过非SaaS模式的CRM产品的开发。 从一开始,这个团队的技术实力就非常强,并且拥有一个一致的宏大愿景。他们一起开发完成了Salesforce CRM产品的第一个版本。最初的产品版本是下面这样的:
When Benioff left Oracle, he recruited three consultants from a startup he had invested in to work with him on “a better CRM”: Parker Harris, Dave Moellenhoff, and Frank Dominguez. They’d all worked together before and formed good relationships, and some had even worked on non-SaaS CRM products. From the beginning, the team was very technically capable and aligned on a higher-level vision. Together they created the first version of Salesforce’s CRM. It looked like this:

2000-2002:针对开发出的CRM工具,Salesforce发起了一项积极的、进攻型的营销活动。首先就是那场在Siebel Systems用户大会前的游行抗议活动和以“No Software”为主题的大Party。在Salesforce创立之初,Benioff就敢于跟行业内的一些巨头叫板,直接将Salesforce描述为一个可以替代微软、Siebel、甲骨文和SAP的另一个选择。
将自己羽翼未丰的小公司与那些行业巨头相提并论,Marc的这种做法成功吸引了众多媒体和分析师的注意,他们开始纷纷报道Salesforce是如何挑战传统软件巨头的,Salesforce显然处于弱势,但Marc充分利用每一个机会去抢竞争对手的风头。
最开始做市场活动时,Benioff所秉承的法则是:如果你是一个小公司,那么你要拼命地打击你的最大的竞争对手,如果你已经是这个市场的领导者了,那么不要在意任何竞争对手对你的挑衅,不要回应。优秀的领导者在市场行为上总是善于创新,而平庸的选手只能跟随。如果你认为Marc的做法值得借鉴的话,那不妨试试。
Salesforce早期还举办过一场名为“软件终结者”的广告活动,广告宣传画中描绘的是一亮灵活的战斗机击落一亮红色双翼飞机,暗示Salesforce终将打败甲骨文。Benioff还专门请广告专家为公司设计了 “no software” 的 logo,并将 Logo印在所有能印的素材上,还要求员工和他一样每天佩戴 “no software” 徽章。
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