GNU/Linux - 如何编译kernel

使用 make 命令构建 Linux 内核涉及多个步骤。下面是整个过程的基本概述:

1. 获取内核源代码

    * 从 kernel.org 或你的发行版软件仓库下载内核源代码。

    * 将源代码解压缩到一个目录中。

2. 配置内核

    * 切换到内核源代码目录。

    * 可选择清理源代码树:make clean。

    * 使用以下方法之一配置内核:

        * 使用默认配置:make defconfig 或 make oldconfig。

        * 自定义配置:make menuconfig(基于文本)、make xconfig(基于 Qt)或 make gconfig(基于 GTK)。

3. 构建内核

    * 运行 make 来构建内核。可选择使用 -j 标志指定并行编译的线程数,后跟线程数(例如,make -j4 表示 4 个线程。)

    * 此步骤可能需要一些时间,具体取决于硬件和所选配置选项。

确保在开始编译前安装了必要的开发工具和依赖项(gcc、make、用于 menuconfig/xconfig/gconfig 的 libncurses-dev 等)。


Building the Linux kernel using the make command involves several steps. Here’s a basic overview of the process:

  1. Get the Kernel Source:

    • Download the kernel source code from kernel.org or your distribution’s repositories.

    • Extract the source code to a directory.

  2. Configure the Kernel:

    • Change to the kernel source directory.

    • Optionally, clean the source tree: make clean.

    • Configure the kernel using one of the following methods:

      • Use the default configuration: make defconfig or make oldconfig.

      • Customize the configuration: make menuconfig (text-based), make xconfig (Qt-based), or make gconfig (GTK-based).

  3. Build the Kernel:

    • Run make to build the kernel. Optionally, you can specify the number of threads for parallel compilation using -j flag followed by the number of threads (e.g., make -j4 for 4 threads. j means job).

    • This step might take some time depending on your hardware and the configuration options chosen.

Ensure you have the necessary development tools and dependencies installed (gcc, make, libncurses-dev for menuconfig/xconfig/gconfig, etc.) before starting the build process.


补充说明:

1,执行make defconfig,会将当前默认的配置写入.config文件,如果没有就创建。

2,make menuconfig,退出时提示是否保存,会保存到.config文件,如果没有就创建。

3,make时使用的就是.config配置文件,如果此文件发生变化,旧内容保存到.config.old,新内容保存到.config

4, make oldconfig会载入.config.old的内容到.config文件。

{ "configurations": [ { "name": "Linux", "includePath": [ "${workspaceFolder}/include", "${workspaceFolder}/staging_dir/target-riscv64_c908_musl/usr/include", "${workspaceFolder}/staging_dir/toolchain-riscv64_c908_gcc-10.4.0-thead2.10.2_musl/include", "${workspaceFolder}/staging_dir/toolchain-riscv64_c908_gcc-10.4.0-thead2.10.2_musl/usr/include", "${workspaceFolder}/build_dir/target-riscv64_c908_musl/linux-siflower_sf21a6826/backports-5.15.162-1/include", "${workspaceFolder}/build_dir/target-riscv64_c908_musl/linux-siflower_sf21a6826/backports-5.15.162-1/backport-include", "${workspaceFolder}/build_dir/target-riscv64_c908_musl/linux-siflower_sf21a6826/sf_wifi-1.0/umac/**", "${workspaceFolder}/build_dir/target-riscv64_c908_musl/linux-siflower_sf21a6826/sf_wifi-1.0/fmac/**", "${workspaceFolder}/sf_kernel/linux-5.10/include/generated", "${workspaceFolder}/sf_kernel/linux-5.10/include", "${workspaceFolder}/sf_kernel/linux-5.10/include/uapi", "${workspaceFolder}/sf_kernel/linux-5.10/include/net", "${workspaceFolder}/sf_kernel/linux-5.10/include/uapi/asm-generic", "${workspaceFolder}/sf_kernel/linux-5.10/arch/**", "${workspaceFolder}/package/kernel/siflower/openwrt-x2880-driver/src/umac/fullmac/**", "${workspaceFolder}/package/kernel/siflower/openwrt-x2880-driver/src/umac/**" ], "defines": [ "__KERNEL__", "MODULE", "KBUILD_MODNAME=__FILE__", "CONFIG_64BIT=1", "CONFIG_SIWIFI_FULLMAC", "CONFIG_SIWIFI_IGMP", "__linux__", "__OpenWrt__" ], "compilerPath": "${workspaceFolder}/staging_dir/toolchain-riscv64_c908_gcc-10.4.0-thead2.10.2_musl/bin/riscv64-openwrt-linux-musl-gcc ", "cStandard": "gnu11", "cppStandard": "gnu++17", "intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-arm64" } ], "version": 4 }万神这里的配置
03-21
远程服务器,openwet 下面有这样的配置{ "configurations": [ { "name": "Linux", "includePath": [ "${workspaceFolder}/include", "${workspaceFolder}/staging_dir/target-*/usr/include", "${workspaceFolder}/staging_dir/target-*/include", "${workspaceFolder}/staging_dir/toolchain-*/usr/include", "${workspaceFolder}/staging_dir/toolchain-*/include", "${workspaceFolder}/build_dir/target-*/linux-*/backports-*/include", "${workspaceFolder}/build_dir/target-*/linux-*/backports-*/backport-include", "${workspaceFolder}/package/kernel/siflower/openwrt-x2880-driver/**", "${workspaceFolder}/package/kernel/siflower/openwrt-x2880-driver/src/**", "${workspaceFolder}/sf_kernel/linux-5.10/arch/riscv/include/generated", "${workspaceFolder}/sf_kernel/linux-5.10/arch/riscv/include/uapi", "${workspaceFolder}/sf_kernel/linux-5.10/arch/riscv/include/uapi/asm", "${workspaceFolder}/sf_kernel/linux-5.10/include/generated", "${workspaceFolder}/sf_kernel/linux-5.10/include", "${workspaceFolder}/sf_kernel/linux-5.10/include/uapi", "${workspaceFolder}/sf_kernel/linux-5.10/include/net", "${workspaceFolder}/sf_kernel/linux-5.10/include/uapi/asm-generic", "${workspaceFolder}/package/kernel/siflower/easymesh/**" ], "defines": [ "__KERNEL__", "MODULE", "KBUILD_MODNAME=__FILE__", "CONFIG_64BIT=1", "CONFIG_SIWIFI_FULLMAC", "CONFIG_SIWIFI_IGMP", "__linux__", "__OpenWrt__" ], "compilerPath": "${workspaceFolder}/staging_dir/toolchain-*/bin/*-gcc", "cStandard": "gnu11", "cppStandard": "gnu++17", "intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-arm64" } ], "version": 4 }为什么代码里面还是有红色波浪线
03-21
<think>嗯,用户在使用远程服务器上的OpenWrt环境时,配置了VSCode的C/C++扩展,但代码中仍有红色波浪线。我需要分析可能的原因,并给出解决方案。首先,考虑配置路径是否正确。用户的includePath里有很多通配符,比如`target-*`和`toolchain-*`,这些通配符可能在VSCode中无法正确展开,导致实际路径未被识别。需要检查服务器上是否存在匹配的目录,或者是否应该用具体版本替换通配符。 其次,编译器路径`compilerPath`同样使用了通配符,可能无法正确解析。应确认实际的工具链路径,替换星号为具体版本号。例如,`toolchain-riscv64_gcc-12.3.0_musl`这样的具体名称。 第三,检查头文件是否存在。有些路径可能是在编译过程中生成的,比如`build_dir`下的内容。如果用户没有执行过编译,这些目录可能不存在,导致找不到头文件。需要用户确保先编译项目或手动生成这些目录。 第四,IntelliSense模式是否正确。用户配置的是`linux-gcc-arm64`,但OpenWrt项目可能使用不同的架构,比如RISC-V。需要确认架构是否匹配,可能需要改为`linux-gcc-riscv64`或其他合适的模式。 第五,扩展的缓存问题。有时候即使配置正确,VSCode的缓存可能导致索引未更新。建议用户重新加载窗口或清除缓存。 第六,权限问题。如果远程服务器的文件权限限制,VSCode可能无法访问某些目录,需检查权限设置。 另外,用户可能没有安装必要的C/C++扩展依赖,或者版本不兼容。建议更新扩展,或查看日志输出以获取具体错误信息。 综合以上可能因素,逐步排查,应该能解决红色波浪线的问题。需要指导用户检查路径有效性、替换通配符、确认编译步骤,调整IntelliSense配置,并处理缓存或权限问题。</think>在OpenWrt环境下出现代码红色波浪线(IntelliSense报错)的可能原因和解决方案如下,按优先级排序: 1. **通配符路径解析问题** - 问题表现:`*-gcc`和`target-*`等通配符在VSCode中可能无法正确解析 - 解决方案: ```json "compilerPath": "${workspaceFolder}/staging_dir/toolchain-riscv64_gcc-12.3.0_musl/bin/riscv64-openwrt-linux-gcc", ``` 需替换`*`为实际存在的目录名,通过命令验证路径: ```bash ls ${workspaceFolder}/staging_dir/toolchain-*/bin/*-gcc ``` 2. **头文件路径缺失** - 核心验证方法: ```bash # 在VSCode终端执行 echo ${workspaceFolder}/sf_kernel/linux-5.10/include/uapi/asm-generic [ -d "${workspaceFolder}/sf_kernel/linux-5.10/include/uapi/asm-generic" ] && echo "存在" || echo "缺失" ``` 3. **编译依赖缺失** - 关键路径生成关系: $$ \begin{cases} \text{staging\_dir} & \leftarrow \text{make toolchain/install} \\ \text{build\_dir} & \leftarrow \text{make target/compile} \\ \text{linux-headers} & \leftarrow \text{make kernel/prepare} \end{cases} $$ 必须执行`make menuconfig && make`生成头文件 4. **架构配置冲突** - 修正IntelliSense模式: ```json "intelliSenseMode": "linux-gcc-riscv64" // 根据riscv64架构调整 ``` 通过`uname -m`验证服务器架构 5. **内核宏定义冲突** - 需要检查的宏定义优先级: ```text __KERNEL__ > __USERSPACE__ CONFIG_64BIT=1 > CONFIG_32BIT ``` 建议在`c_cpp_properties.json`中显式添加: ```json "defines": [ ... "__riscv=1", "_LARGEFILE_SOURCE", "_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64" ] ``` 6. **扩展缓存问题** 强制重建索引步骤: 1. 按`Ctrl+Shift+P`执行`C/C++: Reset IntelliSense Database` 2. 删除`${workspaceFolder}/.vscode/ipch`目录 3. 重新加载窗口 **验证方案**: 创建测试文件`test_include.c`: ```c #include <linux/kernel.h> #include <net/netlink.h> void test() { printk(KERN_INFO "IntelliSense test"); struct sk_buff *skb = NULL; } ``` 观察以下元素的智能提示状态: - `printk`参数提示 - `struct sk_buff`成员访问 - `KERN_INFO`宏定义跳转 若仍有问题,检查VSCode日志: ```bash tail -f ${workspaceFolder}/.vscode-server/logs/*/exthost*/Cpp.log ```
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