30、Head and Neck Conditions in Children: A Comprehensive Guide

Head and Neck Conditions in Children: A Comprehensive Guide

1. Ear Conditions

1.1 Recurrent Acute Otitis Media (AOM)

AOM is prevalent in children under 3 years old and is seasonal, peaking in winter and early spring, similar to viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). Prevention may be necessary depending on infection frequency, severity, and duration. Prophylactic measures include:
- Limiting exposure to viral URTI, such as reducing attendance at large childcare groups.
- Reducing exposure to cigarette smoke.
- Insertion of tympanostomy tubes, especially if infections are associated with morbidity like persistent moderate hearing loss during language acquisition.

1.2 Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)

OME u