一招帮你搞定ubuntu18.04系统，ROS(机器人操作系统ROS)，Anaconda安装（其他版本同理）

研究机器人的应该都知道，ubuntu系统，ROS系统（机器人的控制，Gazebo），Anaconda虚拟环境（用于强化学习，识别检测等）是学习机器人的基础,一般刚进实验室老师以及学长会让学习一些基础知识，基本都要学会这三个最基础的。下面分享安装步骤：

Ubuntu系统18.04系统安装

首先安装UltraISO软件，并准备一个U盘，下载ubuntu系统镜像，这里我们以Ubuntu系统18.04为例

打开镜像ubuntu-18.04.4-desktop-amd64.iso文件

依次点击启动------------》》写入硬盘映像

之后出现这个图像，选择自己的U盘，制作等待一会即可

下一步，我们需要把磁盘进行格式化，然后点击删除卷，安装过程中一定要保证安装的位置为未分配（黑色）的空间，这一点非常重要。

（2）根据不同电脑选择快捷键进入U盘启动

对未分配空间进行分区，主要分为四个区：

1主分区：  /:剩余全是根目录      /boot:15G

2逻辑分区:  home:250G     swap:32G

到此系统安装完毕

安装机器人操作系统ROS melodic

安装步骤：

1、添加 sources.list（设置你的电脑可以从 packages.ros.org 接收软件.）

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://packages.ros.org/ros/ubuntu $(lsb_release -sc) main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ros-latest.list'

2、添加 keys

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver 'hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80' --recv-key C1CF6E31E6BADE8868B172B4F42ED6FBAB17C654

3、安装

首先，确保你的Debian软件包索引是最新的：

sudo apt update

4、安装桌面完整版 : 包含ROS、rqt、rviz、机器人通用库、2D/3D 模拟器、导航以及2D/3D感知

sudo apt install ros-melodic-desktop-full

5、初始化 rosdep（在开始使用ROS之前你还需要初始化rosdep。rosdep可以方便在你需要编译某些源码的时候为其安装一些系统依赖，同时也是某些ROS核心功能组件所必需用到的工具。）

    sudo rosdep init
    rosdep update

6、环境配置

    echo "source /opt/ros/melodic/setup.bash" >> ~/.bashrc
    source ~/.bashrc

7、构建工厂依赖

sudo apt install python-rosinstall python-rosinstall-generator python-wstool build-essential

至此已经在Ubuntu18.04的系统中完整安装ROS  Melodic。


切换软件源
1.备份原软件源
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

2.新開一个终端，在终端里输入
sudo vim /etc/apt/source.list


3 国内有很多Ubuntu的镜像源,如下

中科大源

deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

阿里源

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src 大专栏  ubuntu18.04国内软件源ef="http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

163源

deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

清华源

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

安装Anaconda 

首先你要下载一个Anaconda的安装包

 输入 bash Anaconda3-2021.05-Linux-x86 64.sh

 

  

 在下图中点击附加驱动，安装CUDA

 到此全部搞定