C++：成员函数的重写、重载以及多态

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-10 09:00:00 发布

aitazhixin

最新推荐文章于 2025-07-10 09:00:00 发布

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分类专栏： c/c++ 文章标签： C 多态函数重载函数重写

本文链接：https://blog.youkuaiyun.com/aitazhixin/article/details/79230798

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本文通过C++代码示例展示了成员函数的重写与重载，并解释了对象多态性的概念。示例中包括基类BaseA与派生类ChildB，演示了如何实现函数重写及多态行为。

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用一段代码展示成员函数的重写和重载，以及对象的多态特性

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class BaseA{
public:
void OverRideFunc() { cout << "BaseA func OverRideFunc" << endl;}
virtual void PolymorphicFunc() { cout << "BaseA func PolymorphicFunc" << endl;}
};


class ChildB: public BaseA{
public:
void OverRideFunc() { cout << "ChildB func OverRideFunc" << endl;}
void OverLoadFunc(int num) { cout << "ChildB func OverLoadFunc(int): " << num << endl; }
void OverLoadFunc(float num) { cout << "ChildB func OverLoadFunc(float): " << num << endl; }
virtual void PolymorphicFunc() { cout << "ChildB func PolymorphicFunc" << endl;}
};


int main()
{
ChildB child;
BaseA base;
BaseA *basePtr = &child;
cout << "function overload: " << endl;
cout << "    child.OverLoadFunc(1) ";
child.OverLoadFunc(1);
cout << "    child.OverLoadFunc(1.0f) ";
child.OverLoadFunc(1.0f);

cout << "function override: " << endl;
cout << "    child.OverRideFunc()";
child.OverRideFunc();
cout << "    base.OverRideFunc() ";
base.OverRideFunc();
cout << "    basePtr->OverRideFunc() ";
basePtr->OverRideFunc();

cout << "ploymorphic: " << endl;
cout << "    basePtr->PolymorphicFunc() ";
basePtr->PolymorphicFunc();
cout << "    child.PolymorphicFunc() ";
child.PolymorphicFunc();
cout << "    base.PolymorphicFunc() ";
base.PolymorphicFunc();


return 0;
}

特别是输出中，base指针指向继承类的对象时，调用OverRide函数，则执行的是base类的成员函数，这是函数重写的定义；base指针调用virtual函数，执行的是derived类的成员函数，这是多态的定义；

以下是输出：

function overload: 
    child.OverLoadFunc(1) ChildB func OverLoadFunc(int): 1
    child.OverLoadFunc(1.0f) ChildB func OverLoadFunc(float): 1
function override: 
    child.OverRideFunc()ChildB func OverRideFunc
    base.OverRideFunc() BaseA func OverRideFunc
    basePtr->OverRideFunc() BaseA func OverRideFunc
ploymorphic: 
    basePtr->PolymorphicFunc() ChildB func PolymorphicFunc
    child.PolymorphicFunc() ChildB func PolymorphicFunc
    base.PolymorphicFunc() BaseA func PolymorphicFunc