方向导数 定理 若函数f(x,y,z)在点P(x,y,z)处可微,沿任意方向l的方向导数 ∂f∂l=∂f∂xcosα+∂f∂ycosβ+∂f∂zcosγ\frac{\partial f}{\partial l} = \frac{\partial f}{\partial x} cos \alpha + \frac{\partial f}{\partial y} cos \beta + \frac{\partial f}{\partial z} cos \gamma