<think>
We are given an error about the plugin 'com.android.application' version '8.5.0' not being found.
The error message indicates that the plugin was searched in Google, MavenRepo, and Gradle Central Plugin Repository but not found.
Looking at the provided build.gradle content at the end of the error log, we see:
plugins {
alias(libs.plugins.android.application) apply false
}
This suggests that the project is using version catalogs (libs) to manage plugin versions.
However, the error says the plugin was not found. This could be due to:
1. The version catalog (libs.versions.toml) might not have the correct entry for the Android plugin.
2. The repositories for plugin might not be set correctly in the settings.gradle (pluginManagement block).
Solution steps:
1. Ensure that the version catalog (usually in gradle/libs.versions.toml) has the correct entry for the Android plugin.
Example of what should be in the libs.versions.toml:
[versions]
agp = "8.5.0" # Android Gradle Plugin version
[plugins]
android-application = { id = "com.android.application", version.ref = "agp" }
2. Ensure that the settings.gradle file includes the pluginManagement block with the correct repositories (google, gradle plugin portal).
pluginManagement {
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
gradlePluginPortal()
}
}
3. Also, make sure that the root build.gradle is not applying the plugin but only defining classpath dependencies (if any).
However, note that the error message says it searched in:
- Google
- MavenRepo
- Gradle Central Plugin Repository
But the error log does not show the gradlePluginPortal() which is the primary source for Gradle plugins.
So, the likely fix is to add gradlePluginPortal() in the pluginManagement repositories.
But wait: the error says it tried "Gradle Central Plugin Repository", which is the same as gradlePluginPortal.
However, note the error says:
"Searched in the following repositories: Google, MavenRepo, Gradle Central Plugin Repository"
The problem might be that the version 8.5.0 is not available in the repositories we are using?
Actually, 8.5.0 is a valid version (released in April 2024) and should be available.
Another possibility: the pluginManagement block might be missing.
Let's check the structure:
We need to have in settings.gradle:
pluginManagement {
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
gradlePluginPortal() // This is the Gradle Central Plugin Repository
}
}
But note: the error message lists "Google" and "Gradle Central Plugin Repository", so it seems they are set.
However, the error says it could not resolve the artifact:
'com.android.application:com.android.application.gradle.plugin:8.5.0'
The correct artifact for the Android Application plugin is actually:
group: 'com.android.tools.build', name: 'gradle', version: ...
But when using the plugins block with an id, Gradle will look for an artifact with the pattern:
id:artifact -> id:gradle.plugin
So for id 'com.android.application', it will look for:
com.android.application:com.android.application.gradle.plugin:8.5.0
But the Android Gradle Plugin is published under:
com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.5.0
So how do we fix this?
Actually, the version catalog entry might be incorrect.
In the version catalog (libs.versions.toml), when defining a plugin, the version is taken from the [versions] and the id is the plugin id.
However, the artifact that Gradle will download is indeed the one from the `com.android.tools.build` group.
How does it work? The plugin id 'com.android.application' is mapped via the plugin marker artifact.
The plugin marker artifact for the Android Application plugin is:
group: 'com.android.application', artifact: 'com.android.application.gradle.plugin', version: ...
And it is published alongside the main artifact.
So why is it missing?
Another possibility: the version 8.5.0 might not be available in the repositories at the time of the build?
But that's unlikely.
Alternatively, there might be a network issue or repository configuration issue.
However, the error shows that it searched in the Google repository and the Gradle Central Plugin Repository.
The Google repository (https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/) should have the Android Gradle plugin.
Let me check:
The plugin marker artifact for 8.5.0 would be at:
https://dl.google.com/dl/android/maven2/com/android/application/com.android.application.gradle.plugin/8.5.0/
But if we go there, we see that the Google repository does not have that path.
How are the Android Gradle plugins published?
Actually, the plugin markers for the Android Gradle Plugin are published to the Gradle Plugin Portal, not to the Google repository.
So we must have the Gradle Plugin Portal in the pluginManagement repositories.
But the error says it searched in:
- Google
- MavenRepo (which is probably mavenCentral())
- Gradle Central Plugin Repository
So it did search in the Gradle Central Plugin Repository.
Why then not found?
Let me check the Gradle Plugin Portal:
Visit: https://plugins.gradle.org/plugin/com.android.application
The latest version available as of now is 8.5.0 (from May 16, 2024).
So it should be there.
Therefore, the problem might be that the Gradle build was not able to connect to the plugin portal.
However, the error does not indicate a network failure but just that the artifact is not found.
Another possibility: the version in the version catalog might be incorrectly referenced.
Let's check the version catalog:
We have in the toml file:
[versions]
agp = "8.5.0"
[plugins]
android-application = { id = "com.android.application", version.ref = "agp" }
Then in the plugins block:
plugins {
alias(libs.plugins.android.application) apply false
}
This should resolve correctly.
But what if the alias is not pointing to the correct plugin? Or what if the version is not being applied?
Alternatively, we can try to use the traditional way of applying the plugin in the root build.gradle:
buildscript {
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath "com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.5.0"
}
}
But note: the new way (using plugins block in settings.gradle and version catalog) is the recommended way.
However, if we are having issues with the version catalog, we can try to apply the plugin directly without alias.
But the project is using the alias, so we must fix the version catalog.
Alternatively, we can try to update the settings.gradle to use the pluginManagement block with the correct repositories.
Let's write a corrected settings.gradle:
pluginManagement {
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
gradlePluginPortal() // Make sure this is included
}
resolutionStrategy {
eachPlugin {
// This is not required for the Android plugin if using the plugin markers, but if we want to map manually:
if (requested.id.namespace == 'com.android') {
useModule("com.android.tools.build:gradle:${requested.version}")
}
}
}
}
However, the resolutionStrategy is not necessary because the plugin markers exist.
But given the error, let's try to force the module.
Alternatively, we can skip the version catalog for the plugin and use the plugins block with version directly in the root build.gradle.
However, the problem is in the root build.gradle at line 2, which is:
plugins {
alias(libs.plugins.android.application) apply false
}
So if we don't want to use the version catalog for this, we can replace it with:
plugins {
id 'com.android.application' version '8.5.0' apply false
}
This might work because then Gradle will look for the plugin marker without the version catalog indirection.
Let's propose the fix:
Option 1: Correct the version catalog and ensure pluginManagement repositories are set.
But since the error log does not show the entire project, we can only suggest.
Given the above, I propose:
1. Check the libs.versions.toml file to ensure the plugin is correctly defined.
2. Ensure the settings.gradle has the pluginManagement block with google(), mavenCentral(), and gradlePluginPortal().
However, the user might not have provided the settings.gradle content.
Alternatively, we can change the root build.gradle to use the direct plugin version.
But note: the error message says the plugin was not found, so we must ensure it's available.
Let's write the corrected root build.gradle without version catalog for the plugin:
plugins {
id 'com.android.application' version '8.5.0' apply false
}
But wait, the error already shows that the plugin was requested by id and version:
Plugin [id: 'com.android.application', version: '8.5.0', apply: false]
And it was not found. So using directly might not help.
Another possibility: the version 8.5.0 might require a Gradle version that we are not using.
According to the compatibility table: Android Gradle plugin 8.5.0 requires Gradle 8.8.0.
Check the gradle-wrapper.properties:
distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.8.0-bin.zip
Therefore, we must ensure the Gradle wrapper uses at least 8.8.0.
Steps:
1. Update the Gradle wrapper to 8.8.0.
2. Change the root build.gradle to use the direct plugin declaration.
Alternatively, we can fix both.
Proposed solution:
Step 1: Update the gradle-wrapper.properties to use Gradle 8.8.0.
distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.8.0-bin.zip
Step 2: Change the root build.gradle plugins block to:
plugins {
id 'com.android.application' version '8.5.0' apply false
}
Step 3: Ensure settings.gradle has the pluginManagement block:
pluginManagement {
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
gradlePluginPortal()
}
}
But wait, the error message already shows that Google and Gradle Central Plugin Repository were checked.
So why would adding the same repositories again help?
It might be that the settings.gradle is missing entirely? Or the pluginManagement block is not present.
So without knowing the full project structure, we provide these steps.
Alternatively, we can try to use the buildscript block to define the classpath and then apply the plugin without using the plugins block.
However, that is the old way and might conflict.
Given the complexity, I will write the corrected root build.gradle and settings.gradle as per above.
However, note that the user's current root build.gradle only contains:
plugins {
alias(libs.plugins.android.application) apply false
}
So we are going to change that.
But if they are using a version catalog, they might want to keep it.
Therefore, we can fix by updating the version catalog and settings and Gradle wrapper.
Since the user has not provided the toml file, we can only assume.
Alternatively, we can avoid the version catalog for the root build.gradle and use direct declaration.
Given the above, I propose the following changes:
1. Update gradle-wrapper.properties to Gradle 8.8.0.
2. In settings.gradle, ensure the pluginManagement block exists with the three repositories.
3. In the root build.gradle, replace the alias with direct plugin declaration.
But note: the user might have other plugins via alias. So we might not want to remove the entire version catalog.
Alternatively, we can leave the version catalog for other plugins and only for the Android plugin use direct.
However, for simplicity, we change only the Android application plugin in the root build.gradle.
Let's write the corrected files:
gradle-wrapper.properties:
distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
distributionPath=wrapper/dists
distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.8.0-bin.zip
zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
settings.gradle:
pluginManagement {
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
gradlePluginPortal()
}
}
dependencyResolutionManagement {
repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
}
}
rootProject.name = "ProjectName"
include ':app'
root build.gradle:
plugins {
id 'com.android.application' version '8.5.0' apply false
// keep other plugins if any
}
But note: the original root build.gradle only had the one plugin. So we can replace.
However, the user might have more. We must be cautious.
Alternatively, we can keep the alias if we fix the version catalog.
But without the version catalog, we cannot be sure.
Since the user has not provided the version catalog, and the error is about the plugin not found, we choose the direct approach.
Let's provide the corrected root build.gradle and settings.gradle and gradle-wrapper.properties.
But note: the user might have a multi-module project and the settings.gradle might already have some content.
So we show only the necessary parts.
However, the user's initial error is in the root build.gradle at line 2, so we focus on that.
Given the above, I will write the corrected files.
But note: the user's project name is "Demo1", so we use that in settings.gradle.
Let me write the corrected files:
1. gradle-wrapper.properties:
distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
distributionPath=wrapper/dists
distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.8.0-bin.zip
zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
2. settings.gradle (if not existing, create; if existing, add pluginManagement block at the top):
pluginManagement {
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
gradlePluginPortal()
}
}
dependencyResolutionManagement {
repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
}
}
rootProject.name = "Demo1"
include ':app'
3. Root build.gradle (replace the current one):
// Top-level build file where you can add configuration options common to all sub-projects/modules.
plugins {
id 'com.android.application' version '8.5.0' apply false
}
4. Also, the module build.gradle should have:
plugins {
id 'com.android.application'
}
But note: the module build.gradle might already be using the alias, so we change it to the direct id.
However, the user's module build.gradle provided in the history used:
plugins {
alias(libs.plugins.android.application)
}
We can change it to:
plugins {
id 'com.android.application'
}
But then we lose the version from the version catalog.
Alternatively, we can keep the version in the root build.gradle and let the module use the alias?
Actually, the version is applied from the root via the pluginManagement, so the module doesn't need it.
But if we want to use the version catalog in the module, we must fix the version catalog.
Since we are removing the version catalog reference for the root build.gradle, we can keep it in the module if we fix the version catalog.
But to avoid confusion, I propose to remove the version catalog for the Android plugin and use direct in root and then in module use just the id.
So in the module build.gradle, we change:
plugins {
id 'com.android.application'
}
This will use the version defined in the root build.gradle.
Since the problem is urgent, we go with the direct approach.
Summary of changes:
- Update gradle-wrapper.properties to use Gradle 8.8.0.
- Update settings.gradle to include pluginManagement block with the three repositories.
- Change root build.gradle to use direct plugin declaration without alias.
- Change module build.gradle to use direct plugin id.
Given the above, here are the files:
</think>
### 完整解决方案：修复 Android Gradle 插件加载失败问题
以下是修复后的 **完整 Gradle 配置文件**，解决 `com.android.application` 插件未找到的问题：
#### 1. `gradle-wrapper.properties` (Gradle 版本升级)
```properties
# 文件路径: gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
distributionPath=wrapper/dists
distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.8-bin.zip
zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
```
> **关键修改**：升级到 AGP 8.5.0 兼容的 Gradle 8.8
#### 2. `settings.gradle` (插件仓库配置)
```groovy
// 项目根目录 settings.gradle
pluginManagement {
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
gradlePluginPortal() // 必须添加插件中心仓库
}
}
dependencyResolutionManagement {
repositoriesMode.set(RepositoriesMode.FAIL_ON_PROJECT_REPOS)
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
}
}
rootProject.name = "Demo1"
include ':app'
```
#### 3. 项目级 `build.gradle`
```groovy
// 项目根目录 build.gradle
buildscript {
repositories {
google() // 显式声明Google仓库
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:8.5.0' // 固定AGP版本
}
}
allprojects {
repositories {
google()
mavenCentral()
}
}
tasks.register('clean', Delete) {
delete rootProject.buildDir
}
```
#### 4. 模块级 `build.gradle` (应用模块)
```groovy
// app模块 build.gradle
plugins {
id 'com.android.application' // 简化插件声明
}
android {
namespace 'com.example.demo'
compileSdk 34
defaultConfig {
applicationId "com.example.demo"
minSdk 24
targetSdk 34
versionCode 1
versionName "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled false
proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
}
}
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_17 // 升级到Java 17
targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_17
}
// 启用新构建引擎
buildFeatures {
buildConfig true
}
}
dependencies {
implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1'
implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.11.0'
testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.5'
androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.5.1'
}
```
### 🔧 关键修复点说明：
1. **Gradle 版本升级**
8.5.0 版 AGP 要求 Gradle ≥8.0，当前配置使用精确兼容的 8.8 版
2. **插件仓库三重保障**
在 `settings.gradle` 同时配置：
- `google()` (Android 官方仓库)
- `gradlePluginPortal()` (Gradle 中央仓库)
- `mavenCentral()` (通用仓库)
3. **插件声明简化**
替换易出错的 `alias(libs.plugins...)` 为直接 ID 声明
4. **Java 17 支持**
AGP 8.5.0 要求最低 Java 17 环境
5. **构建缓存清理**
执行前删除以下目录：
- 项目根目录 `.gradle` 文件夹
- `~/.gradle/caches` (用户缓存目录)
📌 **同步后验证命令**：
```bash
./gradlew assembleDebug --info | grep 'com.android.application'
```
预期输出：`Successfully applied plugin 'com.android.application'`
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