小甲鱼 P44 传递结构体变量和结构体指针

最新推荐文章于 2023-02-23 17:49:25 发布

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本文探讨了在C语言中如何直接赋值和通过函数传递结构体变量，包括使用结构体指针进行参数传递的方法，以及动态申请结构体变量的技巧。

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小甲鱼 P44 传递结构体变量和结构体指针

两个结构体变量能够直接赋值

#include <stdio.h>

int main()
{
	struct Test
	{
		int x;
		int y;
	}t1, t2;
	
	t1.x = 3;
	t1.y = 4;
	
	t2 = t1;
	
	printf("t2.x = %d, t2.y = %d\n", t2.x, t2.y);
	
	return 0;
}

将结构体变量作为参数进行传递

#include <stdio.h>

struct Date
{
	int year;
	int month;
	int day;
};

struct Book
{
	char title[128];
	char author[40];
	float price;
	struct Date date;
	char publisher[40];
};

struct Book getInput(struct Book book);
void printBook(struct Book book);

struct Book getInput(struct Book book)
{
	printf("请输入书名：");
	scanf("%s", book.title);
	printf("请输入作者：");
	scanf("%s", book.author);
	printf("请输入售价：");
	scanf("%f", &book.price);
	printf("请输入出版日期：");
	scanf("%d-%d-%d", &book.date.year, &book.date.month, &book.date.day);
	printf("请输入出版社：");
	scanf("%s", book.publisher);
	
	return book;
}

void printBook(struct Book book)
{
	printf("书名：%s\n", book.title);
	printf("作者：%s\n", book.author);
	printf("售价：%.2f\n", book.price);
	printf("出版日期：%d-%d-%d\n", book.date.year, book.date.month, book.date.day);
	printf("出版社：%s\n", book.publisher);
}

int main()
{
	struct Book b1, b2;
	
	printf("请录入第一本书的信息..\n");
	b1 = getInput(b1);//传入进去是空的结构体变量b1 
	putchar('\n');
	printf("请录入第二本书的信息..\n");
	b2 = getInput(b2);//传入进去是空的结构体变量b1 
	
	printf("\n\n录入完毕，现在开始打印验证...\n\n");
	
	printf("打印第一本书的信息...\n");
	printBook(b1);
	putchar('\n');
	printf("打印第二本书的信息...\n");
	printBook(b2);
	
	return 0;
}

传递指向结构体变量的指针

#include <stdio.h>

struct Date
{
	int year;
	int month;
	int day;
};

struct Book
{
	char title[128];
	char author[40];
	float price;
	struct Date date;
	char publisher[40];
};

void getInput(struct Book *book);
void printBook(struct Book *book);

void getInput(struct Book *book)
{
	printf("请输入书名：");
	scanf("%s", book->title);
	printf("请输入作者：");
	scanf("%s", book->author);
	printf("请输入售价：");
	scanf("%f", &book->price);
	printf("请输入出版日期：");
	scanf("%d-%d-%d", &book->date.year, &book->date.month, &book->date.day);
	printf("请输入出版社：");
	scanf("%s", book->publisher);
}

void printBook(struct Book *book)
{
	printf("书名：%s\n", book->title);
	printf("作者：%s\n", book->author);
	printf("售价：%.2f\n", book->price);
	printf("出版日期：%d-%d-%d\n", book->date.year, book->date.month, book->date.day);
	printf("出版社：%s\n", book->publisher);
}

int main()
{
	struct Book b1, b2;
	
	printf("请录入第一本书的信息..\n");
	getInput(&b1);//传入进去是空的结构体变量b1 
	putchar('\n');
	printf("请录入第二本书的信息..\n");
	getInput(&b2);//传入进去是空的结构体变量b1 
	
	printf("\n\n录入完毕，现在开始打印验证...\n\n");
	
	printf("打印第一本书的信息...\n");
	printBook(&b1);
	putchar('\n');
	printf("打印第二本书的信息...\n");
	printBook(&b2);
	
	return 0;
}

动态申请结构体

使用malloc函数为结构体分配存储空间（结构体放在堆里面）

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

struct Date
{
	int year;
	int month;
	int day;
};

struct Book
{
	char title[128];
	char author[40];
	float price;
	struct Date date;
	char publisher[40];
};

void getInput(struct Book *book);
void printBook(struct Book *book);

void getInput(struct Book *book)
{
	printf("请输入书名：");
	scanf("%s", book->title);
	printf("请输入作者：");
	scanf("%s", book->author);
	printf("请输入售价：");
	scanf("%f", &book->price);
	printf("请输入出版日期：");
	scanf("%d-%d-%d", &book->date.year, &book->date.month, &book->date.day);
	printf("请输入出版社：");
	scanf("%s", book->publisher);
}

void printBook(struct Book *book)
{
	printf("书名：%s\n", book->title);
	printf("作者：%s\n", book->author);
	printf("售价：%.2f\n", book->price);
	printf("出版日期：%d-%d-%d\n", book->date.year, book->date.month, book->date.day);
	printf("出版社：%s\n", book->publisher);
}

int main()
{
	struct Book *b1, *b2;
	
	//结构体申请在堆里面 
	b1 = (struct Book *)malloc(sizeof(struct Book));//malloc返回void * 
	b2 = (struct Book *)malloc(sizeof(struct Book));//malloc返回void * 
	
	if (b1 == NULL || b2 == NULL)
	{
		printf("内存分配失败!\n");
		exit(1);
	}
	
	printf("请录入第一本书的信息..\n");
	getInput(b1);//传入进去是空的结构体变量b1 
	putchar('\n');
	printf("请录入第二本书的信息..\n");
	getInput(b2);//传入进去是空的结构体变量b1 
	
	printf("\n\n录入完毕，现在开始打印验证...\n\n");
	
	printf("打印第一本书的信息...\n");
	printBook(b1);
	putchar('\n');
	printf("打印第二本书的信息...\n");
	printBook(b2);
	
	free(b1);
	free(b2);
	
	return 0;
}