c++ socket通信(TCP/IP) 简单实例 (Windows)

最新推荐文章于 2024-09-30 16:22:49 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2024-09-30 16:22:49 发布 · 6k 阅读

30 ·

CC 4.0 BY-SA版权

文章标签：

#c++ #socket #网络通信

本篇博客介绍了在Windows环境下使用C++进行TCP/IP Socket通信的详细步骤，包括在Visual Studio中新建项目、加载socket库、创建套接字、绑定端口与连接、通过send和recv进行通信，以及关闭套接字。博客提供了server端和client端的代码示例，指导读者实现两端的交互通信。

本篇将讲解c++的socket实现

IDE

推荐大家使用 Microsoft Visual Studio，可以省去很多繁琐的设定

1.新建项目

server端

新建项目 server，并添加源文件 server.cpp

client端

新建项目 client，并添加源文件 client.cpp

2.加载socket库

server端 && client端

#include <iostream>
#include <thread> //多线程
#include <winsock.h> //socket头文件
#pragma comment (lib,"ws2_32.lib") //加载socket

using namespace std;

int main()
{
    WSADATA wsaData;
    WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);

    /*具体实现代码*/

    WSACleanup();
    return 0;
}

3.创建套接字(socket)

调用socket函数创建套接字

server端

SOCKET server;
SOCKET client;

server = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

client端

SOCKET client;

client = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

4.绑定端口与连接

server端

在server端调用函数bind绑定端口，listen设定同时最大连接数，accept接受client端的连接

int len;

SOCKADDR_IN server_addr;//使用结构体 SOCKADDR_IN 存储配置
SOCKADDR_IN client_addr;

memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr)); //清零
server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //server端ip地址
server_addr.sin_port = htons(1234); //监听端口
bind(server, (SOCKADDR*)&server_addr, sizeof(SOCKADDR));

listen(server, 10);
cout << "等待连接......" << endl;

len = sizeof(SOCKADDR);
client = accept(server, (SOCKADDR*)&client_addr, &len);
cout << "连接成功" << endl;

client端

在client端调用函数connect连接server端

SOCKADDR_IN client_addr;//使用结构体 SOCKADDR_IN 存储配置

memset(&client_addr, 0, sizeof(client_addr)); //清零
client_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
client_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //server端ip地址
client_addr.sin_port = htons(1234); //监听端口

connect(client, (SOCKADDR*)&client_addr, sizeof(SOCKADDR));

server端要先bind，listen和accept，client端才能connect
因此运行程序时先运行server，再运行client

5.使用函数send和recv进行通信

单次通信（server端发送，client端接收）

server端

char send_buf[100];//发送缓冲区

cin >> send_buf;
send(client, send_buf, 100, 0);

client端

char recv_buf[100];//接收缓冲区

recv(client, recv_buf, 100, 0);
cout << recv_buf;

多次通信（双方都能多次发送和接收）

server端 && client端

创建两个子线程分别用于发送和接收

void Send(SOCKET client, char send_buf[]);
void Recv(SOCKET client, char recv_buf[]);

char send_buf[100];//发送缓冲区
char recv_buf[100];//接收缓冲区

thread thread_send;
thread thread_recv;

thread_send = thread(Send, client, send_buf);
thread_recv = thread(Recv, client, recv_buf);

thread_send.join();
thread_recv.join();

void Send(SOCKET client, char send_buf[]) {
	while(true) {
		cin >> send_buf;
		send(client, send_buf, 100, 0);
	}
}

void Recv(SOCKET client, char recv_buf[]) {
	while(true) {
		recv(client, recv_buf, 100, 0);
		cout << recv_buf << endl;
	}
}

6.关闭套接字

server端

//关闭套接字
closesocket(server);
closesocket(client);

client端

//关闭套接字
closesocket(client);

完整代码

server.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <thread> //多线程
#include <winsock.h> //socket头文件
#pragma comment (lib,"ws2_32.lib") //加载socket

using namespace std;

void Send(SOCKET client, char send_buf[]);
void Recv(SOCKET client, char recv_buf[]);

int main()
{
    int len;

    char send_buf[100];//发送缓冲区
    char recv_buf[100];//接收缓冲区

    thread thread_send;
    thread thread_recv;

    SOCKET server;
    SOCKET client;

    SOCKADDR_IN server_addr;//使用结构体 SOCKADDR_IN 存储配置
    SOCKADDR_IN client_addr;

    WSADATA wsaData;
    WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);

    server = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

    memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr)); //清零
    server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //server端ip地址
    server_addr.sin_port = htons(1234); //监听端口
    bind(server, (SOCKADDR*)&server_addr, sizeof(SOCKADDR));

    listen(server, 10);
    cout << "等待连接......" << endl;

    len = sizeof(SOCKADDR);
    client = accept(server, (SOCKADDR*)&client_addr, &len);
    cout << "连接成功" << endl;

    thread_send = thread(Send, client, send_buf);
    thread_recv = thread(Recv, client, recv_buf);

    thread_send.join();
    thread_recv.join();

    //关闭套接字
    closesocket(server);
    closesocket(client);

    WSACleanup();
    return 0;
}

void Send(SOCKET client, char send_buf[]) {
    while (true) {
        cin >> send_buf;
        send(client, send_buf, 100, 0);
    }
}

void Recv(SOCKET client, char recv_buf[]) {
    while (true) {
        recv(client, recv_buf, 100, 0);
        cout << recv_buf << endl;
    }
}

client.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <thread> //多线程
#include <winsock.h> //socket头文件
#pragma comment (lib,"ws2_32.lib") //加载socket

using namespace std;

void Send(SOCKET client, char send_buf[]);
void Recv(SOCKET client, char recv_buf[]);

int main()
{
    char send_buf[100];//发送缓冲区
    char recv_buf[100];//接收缓冲区

    thread thread_send;
    thread thread_recv;

    SOCKET client;

    SOCKADDR_IN client_addr;//使用结构体 SOCKADDR_IN 存储配置

    WSADATA wsaData;
    WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData);

    client = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);

    memset(&client_addr, 0, sizeof(client_addr)); //清零
    client_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    client_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1"); //server端ip地址
    client_addr.sin_port = htons(1234); //监听端口

    connect(client, (SOCKADDR*)&client_addr, sizeof(SOCKADDR));

    thread_send = thread(Send, client, send_buf);
    thread_recv = thread(Recv, client, recv_buf);

    thread_send.join();
    thread_recv.join();

    //关闭套接字
    closesocket(client);

    WSACleanup();
    return 0;
}

void Send(SOCKET client, char send_buf[]) {
    while (true) {
        cin >> send_buf;
        send(client, send_buf, 100, 0);
    }
}

void Recv(SOCKET client, char recv_buf[]) {
    while (true) {
        recv(client, recv_buf, 100, 0);
        cout << recv_buf << endl;
    }
}