运算符重载概念: 对已有的运算符重新进行定义,赋予其另一种功能,以适应不同的数据类型
1.加号运算符重载
作用: 实现两个自定义数据类型相加的运算
总结1: 对于内置的数据类型的表达式的的运算符是不可能改变的
总结2: 不要滥用运算符重载
using namespace std;
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
class Person {
public :
int m_A;
int m_B;
//成员函数重载 +号
/*Person operator+(Person &p) {
Person temp;
temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
return temp;
}*/
};
//全局函数重载 +号
Person operator+(Person &p1, Person &p2)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
return temp;
}
Person operator+(Person &p1, int num)
{
Person temp;
temp.m_A = p1.m_A + num;
temp.m_B = p1.m_B +num;
return temp;
}
void test001() {
Person p1;
p1.m_A = 10;
p1.m_B = 10;
Person p2;
p2.m_A = 11;
p2.m_B = 11;
//成员函数重载本质调用
//Person p3 = pl.operator+(p2);
//全局函数重载本质调用
// Person p3 = operator+(p1,p2):
Person p3 = p1 + p2;
//运算符重载 也可以发生函数重载
Person p4 = p1 + 11;
cout << "p3.m_A = " << p3.m_A << endl;
cout << "p3.m_B = " << p3.m_B << endl;
cout << "p4.m_A = " << p4.m_A << endl;
cout << "p4.m_B = " << p4.m_B << endl;
}
int main() {
test001();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
2.左移运算符重载
作用: 可以输出自定义数据类型
总结: 重载左移运算符配合友无可以实现输出自定义数据类型
class Person {
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &cout, Person &p);
public :
Person(int a, int b) {
m_A = a;
m_B = b;
}
private:
int m_A;
int m_B;
//成员函数重载 +号
//利用成员函数重载左移运算符p.operator<<(cout) 简化版本 p<< cout
//不会利用成员函数重载 << 运算符,因为无法实现cout在左侧
//void operator<<(cout)
//{
//}
};
// 只能利用全局函数重载左移运算符
ostream& operator<<( ostream &cout,Person &p) //本质operator<< (cout ,p) 简化 cout << p
{
cout << " m_a= " << p.m_A << " m_b= " << p.m_B << endl;
return cout;
}
void test003() {
Person p1(10,10);
cout << p1 << endl;
}
int main() {
test003();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
3.递增运算符重载
作用: 通过重载递增运算符,实现自己的整型数据
class MyInteger
{
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &cout, MyInteger myint);
public :
MyInteger() {
m_Num = 0;
}
//重载前置 ++运算符
MyInteger& operator++() {
m_Num++;
return *this;
}
//重载后置++运算符
// void operator++(int) int代表占位参数,可以用于区分前置和后置递增
MyInteger operator++( int)
{
//先 返回结果
MyInteger temp = *this;
//后 递增
m_Num++;
//最后将记录结果做返回
return temp;
}
private:
int m_Num;
};
//重载<<运算符
ostream& operator<<(ostream &cout, MyInteger myint) {
cout << myint.m_Num;
return cout;
}
void test004() {
MyInteger myint;
cout << ++myint << endl;
cout << myint << endl;
}
void test006() {
MyInteger myint;
cout << myint++ << endl;
cout << myint << endl;
}
int main() {
test004();
test006();
system("pause");
return 0;
}
4.赋值运算符重载
C++编译器至少给一个类添加4个函教
1.默认构造函数(无参, 函教体为空)
2.默认析构函数(无参,函数体为空)
3.默认考贝构造函故, 对属性进行值拷贝
4.赋值运算符operator=, 对属性进行值拷贝
如果类中有属性指向堆区,做赋值操作时也会出现深浅拷贝问题
class Person
{
public :
Person(int age) {
m_Age = new int(age);//把数据开辟到堆区
}
//析构函数
~Person() {
if (m_Age != NULL) {
delete m_Age;
m_Age = NULL;
}
}
//重载 赋值运算符
Person& operator=(Person &p) {
//编译器是提供浅拷贝
//m_Age = p.m_Age ;
//应该先判断是否有属性在堆区,如果有先释放干净,然后再深拷贝
if (m_Age != NULL) {
delete m_Age;
m_Age = NULL;
}
//深拷贝
m_Age=new int(*p.m_Age);
//返回对象的本身
return *this;
}
int *m_Age;
};
void test007() {
Person p1(18);
Person p2(20);
Person p3(20);
p3 = p2 = p1; //赋值运算
cout << "p1的年龄为:" << *p1.m_Age << endl;
cout << "p2的年龄为:" << *p2.m_Age << endl;
cout << "p3的年龄为:" << *p3.m_Age << endl;
}
5.关系运算符重载
作用: 重载关系运算符,可以让两个自定义类型对象进行对比操作
class Person {
public :
Person(string name, int age) {
m_Name = name;
m_Age = age;
}
//重载 ==
bool operator==(Person &p) {
if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name&&this->m_Age == p.m_Age) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
//重载 !=
bool operator!=(Person &p) {
if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name&&this->m_Age == p.m_Age) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
string m_Name;
int m_Age;
};
void test008()
{
Person p1("logn", 22);
Person p2("logn", 22);
if (p1 == p2) {
cout << "p1等于p2" << endl;
}
else {
cout << "p1不等于p2" << endl;
}
}
6.函数调用运算符重载
·函数调用运算符()也可以重载
·由于重载后使用的方式非常像函数的调用,因此称为仿函数
·仿函数没有固定写法,非常灵活
class MyPrint {
public :
//重载函数调用运算符
void operator()(string test) {
cout << test << endl;
}
};
class MyAdd{
public:
//重载函数调用运算符
int operator()(int num1,int num2) {
return num1 + num2;
}
};
void test009() {
MyPrint myPrint;;//由于使用起来非常类似于函数调用,因此称为仿函数
myPrint("you are so ");
MyAdd myAdd;
int sum=myAdd(1, 3);
cout << "sum ="<<sum << endl;
//匿名函数对象
cout << MyAdd()(100,100) << endl;
}
//仿函数非常灵活,没有固定的写法