Python random

Notes:
- random.randint(a, b) : closed range $[a, b]$
- random.random(): open range $[0.0, 1.0)$
- random.uniform(a, b): $a+(b-a) \cdot \textsf{random}()$
- np.random.randint(low, high): open range $[\text{low}, \text{high})$
- np.random.random_integers(low, high): closed range $[\text{low}, \text{high}]$