解读狄兰・托马斯〈不要温和地走进那个良夜〉| 主题、象征与修辞

注:本文为“狄兰・托马斯〈不要温和地走进那个良夜〉” 相关文章合辑

英文引文,机翻未校。


A Summary and Analysis of Dylan Thomas’s ‘Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night’

狄兰・托马斯《不要温和地走进那个良夜》的内容总结与赏析

在这里插入图片描述

We have all had fierce struggles with the idea of death, be it of someone close to us, or our own, at some point in life.
我们都在生命的某个阶段,与死亡这个概念进行过激烈的抗争,无论是身边亲近的人的离世,还是我们自己。

But even when the lights almost turn off, there is a lingering hope within us that urges us and the ones we love to keep fighting.
然而,即使生命之光即将熄灭,我们内心仍有一丝希望促使我们以及我们所爱的人继续抗争。

We bring you one such poem, “Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night” by Dylan Thomas that addresses that battle, along with its summary and analysis.
我们为你带来这样一首诗,狄兰・托马斯的《不要温和地走进那个良夜》,它探讨了这种抗争,并附有总结与分析。

From the Mind to the Silver Screen

从脑海到银幕

The Characters played by Matt Damon and Michael Caine in the 2014 film “Interstellar”, recite lines from this poem at different points during the film.
在2014年的电影《星际穿越》中,马特·达蒙和迈克尔·凯恩饰演的角色在影片的不同阶段引用了这首诗的片段。

Death is a tragic yet inevitable phase in the cycle of life that we all have to succumb to at one point or the other.
死亡是生命循环中一个悲惨但不可避免的阶段,我们迟早都要面对。

Knowing this, we often resign to the fact.
知道了这一点,我们常常会接受这个事实。

But what happens when it concerns someone who is very near and dear to us?
但如果涉及到我们非常亲近的人呢?

Are we that complacent about death then?
我们对死亡就这么顺从吗?

Do we just accept it as the bitter truth and let go?
我们只是接受这个苦涩的真相,然后放手吗?

Most might say that the answer to those questions is a harsh and critical “Yes”.
大多数人可能会说,这些问题的答案是残酷而尖锐的“是”。

But the truth is, that no matter how hard we try, it is very difficult to accept, much less process the loss of a loved one.
但事实是,无论我们怎么努力,接受甚至消化一个亲人的离去都是非常困难的。

At times like these, we gather every ounce of hope that our hearts can muster, in the faint belief that something or someone might shift back the hands of time and give back life to that person.
在这种时候,我们会聚集起心中所有的希望,隐约地相信,总有什么或谁能够扭转时间的指针,让那个人重新获得生命。

In the 1945 poem ” Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night” written by Dylan Thomas for his dying father, the poet urges his old man (through an alter ego) to keep fighting to stay alive even when the outcome is bound to be unfortunate.
在1945年,狄兰・托马斯为他临终的父亲写下这首诗《不要温和地走进那个良夜》,诗人在诗中(通过一个替代人物)敦促他的父亲继续抗争以维持生命,即使结果注定是不幸的。

He draws parallels to the way men from different walks of life must fight hard for their lives and everything it stands for when the end is near, and thus pleads his father to do the same.
他将不同阶层的人们在生命尽头为生命以及生命所代表的一切而努力抗争的方式进行了类比,从而也恳求他的父亲这样做。

We bring you a brief summary of the poem, along with an analysis which includes the literary devices used.
我们为你带来这首诗的简要总结以及包含所用文学手法的分析。

“DO NOT GO GENTLE INTO THAT GOOD NIGHT”: Poem

《不要温和地走进那个良夜》:诗歌

Do not go gentle into that good night,
不要温和地走进那个良夜,

Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
老年应当在日暮时燃烧咆哮;

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝。

Though wise men at their end know dark is right,
虽然智慧的人临终时懂得黑暗有理,

Because their words had forked no lightning they
因为他们的话没有迸发出闪电

Do not go gentle into that good night.
不要温和地走进那个良夜。

Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright
善良的人,当最后一浪过去,高呼他们脆弱的善行

Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
可能曾会多么光辉地在绿色的海湾里舞蹈,

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝。

Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,
狂暴的人抓住并歌唱过翱翔的太阳,

And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,
懂得,但为时太晚,他们使太阳在途中悲伤,

Do not go gentle into that good night.
不要温和地走进那个良夜。

Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight
严肃的人,接近死亡,用炫目的视觉看出

Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
失明的眼睛可以像流星一样闪耀欢欣,

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝。

And you, my father, there on the sad height,
而您,我的父亲,在那悲哀的高处,

Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray.
现在用您的热泪诅咒我,祝福我吧。我求您。

Do not go gentle into that good night.
不要温和地走进那个良夜。

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝。

“DO NOT GO GENTLE INTO THAT GOOD NIGHT”: Summary

《不要温和地走进那个良夜》:总结

Stanza 1
The poem begins with the speaker addressing an unknown listener, urging him not to “go gentle into that good night.”
诗的开篇,诗人向一位未知的听者诉说,敦促他不要“温和地走进那个良夜”。

This seems like a confusing metaphor, but once you read the two lines that follow, the meaning becomes clear.
这似乎是一个令人困惑的隐喻,但当你读完接下来的两行时,其含义便清晰起来。

Thomas uses “good night” as a metaphor for “death” and he tells the other person that as old age nears, the person should put up a fierce struggle and not go out without a fight.
托马斯用“良夜”隐喻“死亡”,他告诉对方,当老年临近时,人应该奋起抗争,而不是毫无反抗地离去。

Stanza 2
The speaker now goes on to describe how men from different walks of life would deal with the issue of death.
诗人接着描述了来自不同阶层的人们如何面对死亡的问题。

The syntax of the poem is puzzling due to the structure that Thomas follows throughout the poem.
由于托马斯在这首诗中所遵循的结构,诗的句法令人费解。

What he says is that the wise and learned men are aware that the end is near and it is inevitable, but they realize that their “words” or rather their thoughts and actions have not reached their full potential or had their complete impact.
他说,智者和学者们意识到生命的尽头已近且不可避免,但他们也意识到他们的“话语”——也就是他们的思想和行为——尚未达到其全部潜力,也未产生完全的影响。

In Thomas’ words “their words had forked no lightning.”
用托马斯的话说,“他们的言语未能引发闪电”。

Such men would not go out without a struggle.
这样的人不会毫无抗争地离去。

Stanza 3
This stanza gets a little tricky.
这一节稍显复杂。

The speaker says that “good men,” the recent generation of great men, cry out as they are nearing their end.
诗人说,“善良的人”,即当代的伟人们,在临近生命尽头时呼喊。

They are presented as a wave that crashes on the seashore, signifying the end of life.
他们被呈现为一浪拍向海岸的海浪,象征着生命的终结。

As they reach the end, they shout out that had they had a longer life (here, life at sea), which is portrayed by the greenery at sea, their actions in life might have seemed far greater.
当他们走到尽头时,他们呼喊着,如果他们拥有更长久的生命(在这里,生命被描绘成大海中的绿色),他们生命中的行为或许会显得更加伟大。

The dancing waters are their actions, the sea is the life, the present generation is the wave, and their death is signified by the crashing of the wave on the seashore.
舞动的海水是他们的行为,大海是生命,当代人是海浪,而他们的死亡则由海浪拍击海岸来象征。

Stanza 4
The poet now goes on to describe “wild men” — the ones who celebrated their lives and the beauty of the world that surrounded them, shown by the lines “who caught and sang the sun in flight.”
诗人接着描述了“狂暴的人”——那些庆祝生命以及周围世界之美的人,这从诗句“抓住并歌唱翱翔的太阳”可以看出。

The sun is portrayed as life and its journey across the sky as the lifespan.
太阳被描绘成生命,它在天空中的旅程象征着人的寿命。

These men realize a little too late that time moved swiftly, and while they were out celebrating, life was nearing its end with the setting of the sun.
这些人直到为时已晚才意识到时间飞逝,而当太阳落山、生命即将结束时,他们还在外面庆祝。

Stanza 5
The next set of men that the speaker describes are “grave men.”
诗人接下来描述的是一群“严肃的人”。

See the pun the poet uses? “Grave” can stand for both seriousness as well as the tombstone marking death.
看看诗人用的双关语,“严肃的”既可以表示严肃认真,也可以表示墓碑上标记死亡的墓地。

So either dying men or serious men as they reach old age and maybe be turning blind, suddenly seem to have an overwhelming sense of sight, or rather insight, into the fact that even with the end closing in, they still have the power to fight till their last breath.
因此,无论是临死之人还是随着年老变得严肃甚至可能失明的人,突然间似乎都有一种压倒性的洞察力,意识到即使死亡即将来临,他们仍然可以战斗到最后一口气。

Instead of leaving the world as “snuffed candles,” they leave as “blazing meteors” with the glint of life in their eyes.
他们不是像“熄灭的蜡烛”一样离开世界,而是像“燃烧的流星”一样,眼中闪烁着生命的光芒。

Stanza 6
The poem shifts from third person to first person as we realize that the whole thought and meaning behind the poem is a little more personal as he addresses his dying father.
诗从第三人称转变为第一人称,我们意识到整首诗背后的思想和意义其实更加个人化,因为他是在对临终的父亲说话。

He asks him to shed “fierce tears” that would come as both a blessing (sign of the old man’s willpower) and a curse (knowing that he will die soon).
他请求父亲流下“炽热的泪水”,这既是老人意志力的体现(祝福),也是意识到自己即将离世的痛苦(诅咒)。

As he urged earlier, he now pleads with his father to keep fighting against death with a burning rage, a hope that the speaker clings on to.
正如他之前所敦促的,他现在恳求父亲继续以燃烧的愤怒对抗死亡,这是他所紧紧抓住的希望。

“DO NOT GO GENTLE INTO THAT GOOD NIGHT”: Analysis

《不要温和地走进那个良夜》:分析

✿ Themes

主题

Life and Death

生命与死亡

The message of the poem is based on the dual ideas of life and death. On one hand he urges both the readers and his father to fight against death, which is an inevitable part of life, while on the other he also talks about the celebration of life by different people.
这首诗的信息基于生命与死亡的双重主题。一方面,他敦促读者和自己的父亲对抗死亡,这是生命不可避免的一部分;另一方面,他也谈及了不同的人对生命的庆祝。

Old Age

老年

We all go through cycles and while the speaker deals with the subject of life and death, and the old age which has wrought his father, brings out such pleas in the former.
我们都会经历生命的循环,而诗人在探讨生命与死亡的主题时,他父亲所经历的老年也引发了这样的恳求。

Wisdom and Struggle

智慧与抗争

By drawing parallels to how strong, wise, and creative men deal with life and death, he shows us that with the knowledge that is gained, there is also a need to constantly struggle in order to keep our ideas, actions, and eventually our life afloat.
通过将不同阶层的人如何面对生命与死亡进行类比,他向我们展示了,随着知识的积累,我们也需要不断地抗争,以保持我们的思想、行为,最终是我们的生命。

Familial Bond

家庭纽带

At the end of the poem, we realize that his love for his father is what fueled the speaker to urge his father to keep fighting against all odds. Familial bonds bring in us the hope and resilience unlike any other ties out there.
在诗的结尾,我们意识到他对父亲的爱促使他恳求父亲继续对抗一切困难。家庭纽带带给我们希望和韧性,这是其他任何联系都无法比拟的。

Transience

短暂性

When dealing with the issues of life and death, the poet draws to our attention how fleeting life can be, one second it seems like the birth of life, just like the first rays of the sun in the morning, but before you know it, sunset marks the end of that very life, that just seemed to have sprouted.
在探讨生命与死亡的问题时,诗人让我们注意到生命的短暂性,一秒钟前它还像是生命的诞生,就像清晨的第一缕阳光,但转眼间,日落就标志着那刚刚开始的生命的结束。

✿ Symbolisms

象征

Sun

太阳

The sun and light that D. Thomas uses in the poem is used to signify life and the beauty of the world. The sunrise depicts the birth of life, its journey through the day equal to a person’s lifespan, and sunset the sign of approaching death.
狄兰・托马斯在诗中使用的太阳和光明象征着生命和世界的美好。日出象征生命的诞生,太阳在白天的旅程象征着人的寿命,而日落则是死亡临近的标志。

Night

黑夜

The main idea of using night and the darkness that it brings, is to portray death. When the sun sets, and night takes over, our time has come to bid the world goodbye, which can be viewed as a paradox when the poet uses the words “good night”- because if night is equal to death, then how could it ever be good?
使用黑夜及其带来的黑暗的主要目的是描绘死亡。当太阳落下,黑夜降临,我们的时间已经到了,要向这个世界告别,这在诗人使用“良夜”一词时可以被视为一种悖论——因为如果黑夜等于死亡,那么它怎么可能美好呢?

Form and Meter

形式与韵律

This poem is in reality a “villanelle”. A villanelle is essentially a nineteen-line poetic form which consists of 5 tercets followed by a quatrain. If you look at the structure of the poem, you will notice that the first five stanzas are made up of three lines each (a tercet) and the last stanza is made up of four lines (quatrain). There are generally two refrains and two repeating rhymes (seen in the poem with the lines “do not go gentle into that good night” and “Rage, rage against the dying of the light” and the rhyming of words ending with “ight” and “ay”). The first and third line of the first tercet is repeated alternately until the last stanza which includes both the repeated lines. The poem follows the iambic pentameter which is a line that contains ten syllables each. The rhyme scheme is AbA’ abA abA’ abA abA’ abAA’.
这首诗实际上是一首“十九行诗”。十九行诗是一种由5个三行节(三行诗节)和一个四行节(四行诗节)组成的十九行诗歌形式。如果你观察这首诗的结构,你会注意到前五个诗节每节有三行(三行诗节),最后一个诗节有四行(四行诗节)。通常有两个叠句和两个重复的韵(在诗中体现为“不要温和地走进那个良夜”和“怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝”这两行,以及以“ight”和“ay”结尾的词的押韵)。第一诗节的第一行和第三行交替重复,直到最后一个诗节包含了这两个重复的句子。这首诗遵循抑扬格五音步,即每行包含十个音节。押韵格式为AbA’ abA abA’ abA abA’ abAA’。

Setting

场景

The poem takes us on a journey through sunsets, a storm that lacks the crack of lightning, the green bay by the seashore, the meteors falling from the sky, and the mountain (“sad height”). We eventually come to realize that in reality the speaker is sitting by his father’s deathbed. The poem thus opens our eyes to the wonderful aspects of nature and life.
这首诗带我们经历日落、一场没有闪电的暴风雨、海边的绿色海湾、从天空中坠落的流星,以及山峰(“悲哀的高处”)。我们最终意识到,实际上诗人正坐在他父亲的病床边。这首诗因此让我们看到了自然和生命的美好之处。

Speaker

叙述者

The speaker seems to reflect D. Thomas’ own personality, as he had written this poem for his own father who was on his deathbed and had turned blind. Thus the speaker is Thomas’ alter ego.
叙述者似乎反映了狄兰・托马斯自己的个性,因为他写这首诗是为了他临终且已失明的父亲。因此,叙述者是托马斯的化身。

Tone

语气

The tone of the poem ranges through varied emotions of zeal, passion, celebration, pleading, anger, and regret.
这首诗的语气包含了热情、激情、庆祝、恳求、愤怒和遗憾等多种情感。

Point of View

视角

Stanzas 1 and 6 are written in first person point of view, whereas the rest of the poem (stanza 2-5) is written in 3rd person.
第一和第六诗节是以第一人称视角写的,而其余的诗(第二至第五诗节)是以第三人称视角写的。

Metaphor

隐喻

Thomas used a lot of extended metaphors in his poem. Here sunrise signifies birth of life, the journey of the sun during the day as the lifespan, the sunset as approaching death, and nighttime as afterlife. Also, “blinding sight” is a metaphor used to denote overwhelming certainty.
托马斯在他的诗中使用了许多扩展隐喻。在这里,日出象征生命的诞生,太阳在白天的旅程象征寿命,日落象征死亡的临近,而夜晚象征来世。此外,“炫目的视觉”是一个用来表示压倒性确定性的隐喻。

Pun

双关

“Grave men” can be seen as a pun because “grave” stands to show both seriousness and a tombstone marking someone’s death.
“严肃的人”可以被视为一个双关语,因为“严肃的”既表示严肃认真,也表示标记某人死亡的墓碑。

Allusion

典故

The phrase “sad height” can be seen as an allusion made to the Biblical valley of Death, which was a metaphorical mountain where the father stands is marked as the edge of the mortal world.
“悲哀的高处”这句话可以被视为对《圣经》中死亡谷的典故,这是一个象征性的山峰,父亲站在那里标志着尘世的尽头。

Refrain

叠句

It is seen in the poem with the lines “do not go gentle into that good night” and
“rage, rage against the dying of the light”.
在诗中,叠句体现在“不要温和地走进那个良夜”和“怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝”这两行。

Simile

明喻

“blind eyes can blaze like meteors” is a simile.
“失明的眼睛可以像流星一样闪耀”是一个明喻。

Alliteration

头韵

Alliteration refers to the repetition of the initial consonants’ sound when placed close to each other. In the poem, he does this with the letters “N” in “near” and “night”, “G” with “go” and “good”, (note that “gentle” is omitted because it produces a soft consonant sound, unlike the others which produce a harsh sound), “B” (also “Bl”) with “blind” and “blaze”, “Th” in “though”, “their”, “that”, and “they”, “D” in “deeds”, and “danced”, “L” in “light” and “like”.
头韵是指将辅音的发音相近的词放在一起时,这些词的开头辅音的重复。在这首诗中,他用“near”和“night”中的“N”,“go”和“good”中的“G”(注意“gentle”被省略了,因为它发出的是柔和的辅音,不像其他词那样发出刺耳的音),“blind”和“blaze”中的“B”(也有“Bl”),“though”、“their”、“that”和“they”中的“Th”,“deeds”和“danced”中的“D”,“light”和“like”中的“L”来实现头韵。

Sibilance

齿擦音

It is the repeated usage of words which produce the “s” sound. See in the poem with “curse”, “bless”, “tears”, and “fierce”.
这是重复使用产生“s”音的词。在诗中,如“curse”(诅咒)、“bless”(祝福)、“tears”(泪水)和“fierce”(炽热的)。

Assonance

元音韵

It is the repetition of vowel sounds. See with “i” and “a”.
这是元音发音的重复。如“i”和“a”。

Repetition

重复

The word “rage” is repeated twice in the refrain line “Rage, rage against the dying of the light”.
在叠句“怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝”中,“rage”(怒斥)一词重复了两次。

Apostrophe

呼语

It is an exclamatory figure of speech. It is seen in the refrain “Rage, rage against the dying of the light”.
这是一种感叹的修辞手法。在叠句“怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝”中可以看到。

Contrasts

对比

Thomas has drawn sharp contrast with opposing words like gentle and rage, night and day, light and dark, blind and sight, and curse and bless.
托马斯用相对立的词如温和与愤怒、黑夜与白昼、光明与黑暗、失明与视觉、诅咒与祝福,形成了鲜明的对比。

Paradox

悖论

The poet states a paradox when he says that dying men who are going blind can see.
诗人说临终且失明的人能够看见,这是一个悖论。

Parallelism

平行结构

Thomas draws parallels between the best men of the generation out there - the good, the wise, the wild, and the grave men.
托马斯将当代最优秀的人——善良的人、智慧的人、狂野的人和严肃的人进行了类比。

Oxymoron

矛盾修辞法

The phrase “curse, bless me” is an oxymoron, where the poet has juxtaposed two opposing actions one after the other.
“诅咒我,祝福我”是一个矛盾修辞法,诗人将两个相对立的行为并列在一起。

Imagery

意象

We see a lot of imagery in the poem, with sunsets and night sky, with lightning that won’t crack through, the green bay where the waves are crashing on the shore, and meteors blazing through the sky.
在这首诗中,我们看到了许多意象,如日落和夜空、无法穿透的闪电、海浪拍打着海岸的绿色海湾以及划过天空的流星。

✿ ABOUT THE AUTHOR

关于作者

Dylan Thomas was born on 27 October 1914, in Swansea, Wales. His father was an English schoolmaster, and from whom his love for literature first developed. He was not a very remarkable student in school and dropped out at the age of 16, going on to become a journalist for a while. He started writing at a very early age, and many of his works appeared in print while he was still a teenager. But it was only after his poem “Light breaks where no sun shines” published in 1934, that he gained true attention. Despite this popularity, he found it difficult to earn a living, which is why he augmented his income with reading tours and broadcasts. His work with the BBC radio network in the 1940s’ garnered even more attention, which was further boosted by his tours in America.
狄兰・托马斯于1914年10月27日出生于威尔士的斯旺西。他的父亲是一位英语教师,他从父亲那里培养了对文学的热爱。他在学校并不是一个特别出色的学生,16岁时就辍学,之后当了一段时间的记者。他很早就开始写作,许多作品在他还是青少年时就已发表。但直到1934年他的诗《无太阳照耀之处的光明》发表后,他才真正受到关注。尽管他很受欢迎,但他发现很难靠写作维持生计,因此他通过朗读巡演和广播来增加收入。他在20世纪40年代与英国广播公司(BBC)的合作使他获得了更多的关注,而他之后的美国之行进一步提升了他的人气。

Despite his talent, he was plagued by alcoholism and a reckless lifestyle. This eventually put him in a coma, leading to his death on 9 November 1953. Despite all the fame and certain infamy, like Keats, he was one poet with immense talent and skill that is still widely celebrated, but which was met with an untimely end.
尽管他才华横溢,但他却深受酗酒和放荡不羁的生活方式的困扰。这最终使他陷入昏迷,于1953年11月9日去世。尽管他既享有盛誉也饱受争议,但他像济慈一样,是一位极具才华和技艺的诗人,他至今仍被广泛赞誉,但他的生命却过早地结束了。

Thomas was a master of form and structure, and his work has left its mark far beyond what was thought possible. Hopefully, this article has helped you understand one of his most quoted works ever.
托马斯是形式和结构的大师,他的作品所留下的印记远远超出了人们的想象。希望这篇文章能帮助你理解他被引用最多的作品之一。


《不要温和地走进那个良夜》原文,译文赏析

KikiFlowers
2020-06-14 15:37:04

《不要温和地走进那个良夜》也可以被称为“不要温顺地走进那个良夜 ”,英文原文为“Do not go gentle into that good night ” 。这首诗写于1951年,是狄兰・托马斯用以鼓励病重的父亲。诗人对于死神将可爱的人们带离这个世界表达了愤怒,他要“怒斥光明的消逝” 。

最近又想起这首诗,可能是因为《星际穿越》的重映。

电影信息

  • 片名:星际穿越 (2014)
  • 评分:9.4
  • 出品地区:美国 英国 加拿大
  • 类型:剧情 科幻 冒险
  • 导演:克里斯托弗·诺兰
  • 主演:马修·麦康纳 安妮·海瑟薇

诺兰导演在电影《星际穿越》(Interstellar)中赋予了这首诗更多层次的含义。它不仅仅是某个人的临终怒吼,还关乎整个人类、星球的命运,也能隐喻光湮没于黑洞的瞬间。

作者简介

狄兰・托马斯(1914 - 1953),人称为“疯狂的狄兰”。他生于英国威尔士一个很有教养的中产阶级家庭,而他本人天生就是一个顽童,而后又成为酒鬼、烟鬼。他很早就预感自己活不长,自称要创造一个“紧迫的狄兰”,一个有着自我毁灭激情的诗人。从本质上讲,他是一个浪漫主义者。

原文

Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Though wise men at their end know dark is right,
Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright
Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,
And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight
Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

And you, my father, there on the sad height,
Curse, bless me now with your fierce tears, I pray.
Do not go gentle into that good night.
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

各种中文译本

巫宁坤译本

不要温和地走进那良夜,
老年应当在日暮时燃烧咆哮;
怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝。

虽然智慧的人临终时懂得黑暗有理, 
因为他们的话没有迸发出闪电,他们
也并不温和地走进那个良夜。

善良的人,当最后一浪过去,高呼他们脆弱的善行
可能曾会多么光辉地在绿色的海湾里舞蹈,
怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝。

狂暴的人抓住并歌唱过翱翔的太阳,
懂得,但为时太晚,他们使太阳在途中悲伤,
也并不温和地走进那个良夜。

严肃的人,接近死亡,用炫目的视觉看出
失明的眼睛可以像流星一样闪耀欢欣,
怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝。

您啊,我的父亲.在那悲哀的高处.
现在用您的热泪诅咒我,祝福我吧.我求您
不要温和地走进那个良夜。
怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝。

戴珏译本

不要温和地走入那良夜,
老年人应该燃烧并对着日暮呼喊;
怒斥、怒斥那光明的微灭。

尽管聪明人临终时知道黑暗真确,
是因为他们的话语没有迸射闪电,
他们并不温和地走入那良夜。

好人,当最后一浪涌过,号呼他们脆弱的功业
本可以很光辉地起舞于绿色的海湾,
也怒斥、怒斥那光明的微灭。

狂放的人碰见并歌唱过太阳的飞越,
意识到,太晚了,他们曾使它在途中哀叹,
他们也并不温和地走入那良夜。

沉肃的人,临死时用目眩的视觉
看到瞎眼也能像流星般闪耀而欣欢,
也怒斥、怒斥那光明的微灭。

而您呀,我的父亲,身处高度的悲切,
请用您的热泪诅咒、祝福我,我祈愿。
不要温和地走入那良夜,
怒斥、怒斥那光明的微灭。

屠岸译本

不要温和地走进那个良夜,
白昼告终时老人该燃烧、该狂喊;
该怒斥、怒斥那光明的逐渐消歇。

聪明人临终时虽知黑暗理不缺,
由于他们的话语没迸出闪电,
他们也没有温和地走进那良夜。

最后一浪过,善良人——喊叫说自己的事业
虽脆弱,本可以光辉地舞蹈在绿湾——
他们怒斥那光明的消歇。

狂人们——抓住并歌唱太阳的奔跃,
懂得(太迟了!)他们使太阳在中途悲叹——
他们并不温和地走进那良夜。

严肃的人们——临终时用盲目的视觉
见到瞎眼能放光如流星而欢忭——
他们也怒斥、怒斥那光明的消歇。

而你呵,父亲,在高处心怀悲切,
请用烫泪诅咒我,祝福我,我祈盼。
不要温和地走进那个良夜。
该怒斥、怒斥那光明的消歇。

得一忘二译本

不要温顺地走入那个良宵,
龙钟之年在日落时光也要燃烧并痛斥;
要咆哮、对着光明的消泯咆哮。

人生终点的智者明白黑暗的合理公道,
他们的话不再能够激发出闪电,尽管如此
也不会温顺地走入那个良宵。

善良的人,当最后一浪扫过,会吼叫
说他们脆弱的善举本可在绿色海湾舞得白炽,
并咆哮、对着光明的消泯咆哮。

狂暴的人会抓紧飞驰的太阳高唱,知道
他们已经令它悲伤了一路,虽说明白得太迟
但不会温顺地走入那个良宵。

阴沉的人临近死亡视界会刺目般独到
失明的眼睛像流星般闪光而荡漾着欣喜,
并咆哮、对着光明的消泯咆哮。

而您,我的父亲,升到了悲哀的至高,
尽管以纵横的老泪诅咒我、祝福我,但求你
决不要温顺地走入那个良宵,
要咆哮、对着光明的消泯咆哮。

海岸、傅浩、鲁萌译本

不要温顺地走进那个良宵,
老年在日暮之时应当燃烧咆哮;
怒斥,怒斥光明的消亡。

明智的人临终时虽然懂得黑暗有理,
因为他们的话语已迸发不出闪电,但也
不要温顺地走进那个良宵。

善良的人翻腾最后一浪,高呼着辉煌,
他们脆弱的善行曾在绿色的海湾里跳荡,
怒斥,怒斥光明的消亡。

狂暴的人抓住并歌唱过飞翔的太阳,
虽然为时太晚,却也明瞭使它在途中悲伤,
不要温顺地走进那个良宵。

严肃的人,临近死亡,透过炫目的叹息看见
失明的眼睛可以像流星一样欢欣地闪耀,
怒斥,恕斥光明的消亡。

而您,我的父亲,在那悲哀之巅.
诅咒我,祝福我吧,此刻以您的热泪;我求您
不要温顺地走进那个良宵。
怒斥.怒斥光明的消亡。

黍黎释译本

不要踏入静谧的良夜
暮年也应在黄昏中燃烧
反抗吧,在这将逝的时光里反抗吧
智者临终前深知黑夜到来
他们的智言将不能在照亮岔路
不要踏入静谧的良夜
善良的人啊,当最后一波浪潮呼啸而过,尽情哭喊吧。
微小的行动也能在青春里舞出辉煌
反抗吧,在这将逝的时光里反抗吧
追逐太阳并放声歌唱的勇士们
幡然醒悟,但为时已晚,他们沉浸在悲痛中已无法自拔。
不要踏入静谧的良夜
行将就木的人带着迷茫的眼神
而失明的人却能行像流星一样闪耀
反抗吧,在这将逝的时光里反抗吧
我的父亲啊,你在这伤心欲绝之际
我祈求现在用你的热泪诅咒吧,祝福我吧。
不要踏入静谧的良夜
反抗吧,在这将逝的时光里反抗吧

吕志鲁译本

不要温顺地走进那安息的长夜,
老人在日暮时也需发光发热;
怒吼,怒吼,即使生命之火即将熄灭。

尽管智者的言词不如雷电轰轰烈烈,
尽管深知归于黑暗是不变的法则,
他们不会温顺地走进那安息的长夜。

碧绿的海湾点滴事迹舞姿摇曳,
最后的浪花中好人的呼唤更加清澈,
怒吼,怒吼,即使生命之火即将熄灭。

为时已晚,狂人让太阳徒生悲切,
抓住飞驰的太阳唱一支赞歌,
他们不会温顺地走进那安息的长夜。

严肃的人临近死亡渐渐丧失视觉,
失明的双目象流星闪光充满喜色,
怒吼,怒吼,即使生命之火即将熄灭。

我盼你或祈福或诅咒泪水火样炽烈,
父亲啊,就在这最为悲痛的时刻。
不要温顺地走进那安息的长夜。
怒吼,怒吼,即使生命之火即将熄灭。

揭春雨译本

决不驯服地走进那黯夜,
老年人也该当着日暮燃烧,狂啸;
怒对,怒对那光的凋萎。

即便智者最终明了黑暗是必然,
因为他们的话再也叉不出闪电他们
决不驯服地走进那黯夜。

好人,趁最后一浪,高呼:多么明亮
他们脆薄的往迹本该起舞在绿色海湾,
怒对,怒对那光的凋萎。

狂野的人,碰上也歌唱过飞旋的太阳,
也认识到,为时虽晚,曾使它在途中哀伤,
决不驯服地走进那黯夜。

静穆的人,临死,模糊的视力看见
失明的眼睛也能像流星般发亮,充满喜乐,
怒对,怒对那光的凋萎。

而您,我的父亲,在这悲苦之巅,
请凶猛洒泪咒骂我,祝福我。
决不驯服地走进那黯夜。
怒对,怒对那光的凋萎。

汪剑钊译本

不要温雅地走进那个美妙的夜,
日暮的老迈时光应该燃烧并且咆哮;
要疯狂、疯狂地抗拒光的湮灭。

尽管智者临终已明白黑暗是本色,
因为他们再不能让话语迸发交错的电光,
不要温雅地走进那个美妙的夜。

翻卷最后一浪,高呼灿烂,有德者
赞美自己脆弱的抵抗,能够旋舞在绿湾,
疯狂、疯狂地抗拒光的湮灭。

狂人抓住溃逃的太阳并且高歌,
虽说为时已晚,却领会了它途中的忧伤,
不要温雅地走进那个美妙的夜。

濒死的肃穆者,借助炫目的视界
失明的眼睛可以复燃,欢快犹如流星,
疯狂、疯狂地抗拒光的湮灭。

而您,我的父,在这凄惨的巅绝,
我祈求,用您可怖的泪水诅咒我,祝福我。
不要温雅地走进那个美妙的夜。
要疯狂、疯狂地抗拒光的湮灭。

高晓松译本

绝不向黑夜请安
老朽请于白日尽头涅槃
咆哮于光之消散
先哲虽败于幽暗
诗歌终不能将苍穹点燃
绝不向黑夜请安
贤者舞蹈于碧湾
为惊涛淹没的善行哭喊
咆哮于光之消散
狂者如夸父逐日
高歌中顿觉迟来的伤感
绝不向黑夜请安
逝者于临终迷幻
盲瞳怒放出流星的灿烂
咆哮于光之消散
那么您,我垂垂将死的父亲
请掬最后一捧热泪降临
请诅咒,请保佑
我祈愿,绝不向
黑夜请安,咆哮
于光之消散

张大春译本

已矣乎?柔情不为暮色开,豪宕襟期称老怀,聊将愤懑掩黄埃。
知之乎?圣贤看往何边去?卮言浑染一天霾,柔情不为暮色开。
别耶乎?海天相送如揖让,上善水凝玄天光,此生壮怀付苍茫。
迟哉乎?狂夫射日觉崔巍,何妨焦烧尽馀哀。柔情不为暮色开。
盲然乎?就木之行何壮哉?凝眸冷对凤凰台,聊将愤懑掩黄埃。
噫吁戏危乎高哉!苍天诅我以慈悲,佑以我诙谐。柔情不为暮色开;聊将愤懑掩黄埃。


《不要温和的走进那个良夜》翻译与赏析

卜可原创 发布于 2023-05-20 12:40・江苏

创作声明:内容包含虚构创作

302 人赞同了该文章

《不要温和的走进那个良夜》—— 狄兰・托马斯

Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night
不要温和的走进那个良夜,

Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
落幕之时的岁月应尽情燃烧咆哮;

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝。

Though wise men at their end know dark is right,
睿智的生命弥留时懂得黑暗是归宿,
Because their words had forked no lightning they
因为激荡的闪电已不再属于他们的言语;
Do not go gentle into that good night.
不要温和的走进那个良夜。

Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright
美艳的生命划过最后的旅程,呼喊浮生的易逝,
Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
那绿色港湾中的舞台曾怎样明媚;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝。

Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,
澎湃的生命应追逐太阳并与之欢唱
And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,
懂得,如果太晚,那一路便只剩悲歌
Do not go gentle into that good night
不要温和的走进那个良夜

Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight
庄重的生命,临近死亡,当回顾炫目的景象
Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
闭上的眼睛也能像流星般狂喜和闪耀
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝

And you, my father, there on the sad height,
您呀,我的父亲,在我悲伤的尽头,
Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray.
现在请诅咒我,祝福我,用你热烈的泪水,我求你。
Do not go gentle into that good night.
不要温和地走进那个良夜。

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝。

译者卜可,未曾仔细斟酌信达,雅更是无从谈起。

《不要温和的走进那个良夜》是诗人狄兰・托马斯的著名诗歌,写给他即将死去的父亲。


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狄兰・托马斯(Dylan Thomas,1914-1953),威尔士诗人,出版了一系列诗集,也从事剧本和小说创作,被认为是自奥登(W.H.Auden, 1907-1973)之后最重要的英国诗人。图片来源:Bing


最近因为整理其他内容,需要使用 Dylan Thomas 这首著名的诗歌作序。但搜寻各种译本后发觉都不太理想,这并不是因为这些译文不好,而是这些译文所转达的思想与我对此诗的理解并不相符。因此特地空出大半天时间,按照我的理解重新翻译,发布出来请大家指教。

原文:

“Do not go gentle into that good night” by Dylan Thomas

Do not go gentle into that good night,
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Though wise men at their end know dark is right,
Because their words had forked no lightning they
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Good men, the last wave by, crying how bright
Their frail deeds might have danced in a green bay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

Wild men who caught and sang the sun in flight,
And learn, too late, they grieved it on its way,
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight
Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

And you, my father, there on the sad height,
Curse, bless, me now with your fierce tears, I pray.
Do not go gentle into that good night.

Rage, rage against the dying of the light.

在这首诗中,死亡被作者比作 “良夜”,因而被赋予了截然不同的含义;与很多触碰到死亡的诗歌不同,狄兰并没有颂扬生命能够战胜死亡之类的主题。在狄兰的思想中,死亡更像是生命的一部分,更像是光明与黑夜之间的界限;光明是生命的属性,黑暗则是生命跨过死亡后一种合理的结果。

诗歌中,一个值得被赞颂的的生命应该具备积极的属性,诗人列举了必不可少的 4 种:睿智、美丽、激情,和庄重(wise,good,wild,grave),它们各自占用一个段落,一起体现了作者的创作思想。

作品的第一部分揭示了诗歌的主题;诗歌表达的应该是诗人看待生命的态度:生命只有消逝之后才能被盖棺定论,作为生命组成部分的死亡可以让生命和它的光明消逝,但死亡是一个 “良夜(good night)”,是不可避免的(dark is right);在死亡降临前,光明也可能被生命所主动放弃,而这正是诗歌所怒斥的。为此,落幕前要尽情的燃烧和咆哮(Old age should burn and rave at close of the day)、怒斥光明的消逝,因为跨过死亡界限前的生命不能 “温和” 的放弃光明(Do not go gentle into that good night),这将否定生命的意义,他们必须带着光明进入死亡的良夜。

首先,(Wise men at their end know dark is right)生命是睿智(wise)的,死亡是生命合理的归宿(dark is right),智者应该用睿智的方式对待死亡,即当他们的思想早已不再迸发闪电的光辉(their words had forked no lightning,注意这里是过去完成时;fork 是动词,字面意思是释放叉状的闪电;一些译作直接使用字面意思,即‘话语中没有了闪电’,似乎有待商榷)时,他们会接受黑暗作为归宿。他们是不会徒劳的去怒斥死亡本身的,因为有光明就有黑暗,有生就有死,任何的挣扎和逃避都是没有意义的;恰恰相反,智者眼中的死亡并不是一个消极的存在,而是一个 “良夜”,因为死亡本身就是生命的一部分,它并不属于黑暗,它只是光明和黑暗的界线。

智者真正 “怒斥” 的对象是死亡前光明的消逝(the dying of the light)。睿智的生命理应时刻散发出闪电般的光芒,它不能因为即将来临的死亡而熄灭,所以越到最后的时刻就越要尽情咆哮,不能带着消极的 “温和” 跨过死亡;只有当死亡为生命画上彻底的句号后,生命才算完整,而只有生命离开后,黑暗才能是正确的。而在此之前,作者需要怒斥消极的生命以免它失去光明,否则,黑暗将跨过死亡这个分界线,那样的话,带走生命的将不会是死亡而是光明的消逝。卜可相信,这才是对诗歌中 “怒斥” 一词更理想的解析。

其次,对于美丽的生命(good men)来说,岁月的悲剧并不是不可避免的死亡,而是生命中,因为死亡的临近而被夺走的美丽。只有美丽才能让生命成为绿色的港湾(green bay),这是死亡也不能改变的事实。因此,这里怒斥的对象也并不是死亡,而是以光明为象征的、生命中美好力量的消逝。当一切还未结束、生命还未消散,怎敢让美丽离开!?

关于 good men 的这段诗句并不好翻译,尽管字面意义非常容易理解,但翻译过程确实比较纠结。翻译对比:划过最后的旅程(last wave),浮生的易逝(frail deeds),但是译者并无能力将这些片段按照原意整合起来了。

当然,生命也应该是激情澎湃的(Wild men),应该是一个不断追求自身存在价值的旅程;诗人用太阳来象征生命存在的意义并奋力追逐(caught and sang the sun in flight)。但是,如果等闲白了少年头(And learn, too late),不能找到生命的意义并与之拥抱,那么一个没有意义的生命,其路途也只能被悲伤和遗憾所占据(they grieved it on its way,这里的 its 是太阳的所有格,即太阳的轨迹。不少译作将这句理解为‘太阳在悲伤’,似乎是错误的?)。

最后,庄重威严的生命(grave men,‘grave’本身是墓碑意思,引申为肃穆庄严的时刻,表达出对人生盖棺定论的时刻终于到了)如果还有未尽之事(near death),那一定是要去回顾那些耀眼、绚丽的人生篇章了(who see with blinding sight,‘blinding sight’的含义应该是不需要用眼睛来观察的场景,sight 单数是为了押韵;那么这样的场景当然是临终前对人生中精彩片段的回忆了,很多译作对此的理解似有待商榷):这也是对生命的总结和最后的交代;最后,像墓碑一样庄严肃穆,闭上的双眼(Blind eyes,注意作者重复使用了 blind,这在英语中是比较少见的,但两处的意义并不相同)象征着死亡终于降临了,但曾经存在过的生命却像闪亮的流星一样充满了狂喜(blaze like meteors and be gay),因为死去的生命变成划过的流星,它会照耀无尽的黑暗。

诗歌中用抽象的怒斥来保留生命中的睿智、美丽、激情,以及尊严,等到最后的拼图 —— 即死亡 —— 被跨过后,生命才能没有遗憾的进入那个永恒的良夜。这并不是一个颂扬生命和死亡相互争斗的诗歌,死亡存在于此的意义是能够让生命在越来越有限的时间内爆发出越来越明亮的光芒。

不要温和的走进那个良夜
怒斥,怒斥光明的消逝

------

2024.01.03 更新

这个诗歌的译文。是"大历史在线"网站中,用作"恒星与太阳系"部分的"序言"。暗喻了超大质量恒星的消亡,以及这个最为波澜壮阔的宇宙现象,所创造的一切可能性。

这种可能性包括这个世界的一切:泥土、蝴蝶、大树,你和我,世界上的每一个人,他们的右手、手中的玫瑰或匕首。

这并不是比喻,而是来自理论物理学的必然性。

编辑于 2024-01-03 21:22・江苏


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