数学符号读法 | 化学符号读法

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#数学 | 化学符号读法

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注：本文为 “数学符号 | 化学符号” 相关读法合辑。

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未整理去重。

Mathematical and Scientific Symbols

数学和科学符号

Common pronunciations (in British English - Gimson,1981) of mathematical and scientific symbols are given in the list below.

(all the pages in this section need a unicode font installed - e.g. Arial Unicode MS, Doulos SIL Unicode, Lucida Sans Unicode - see: The International Phonetic Alphabet in Unicode).

数学和科学符号的常见发音（英式英语 - Gimson, 1981）在下面的列表中给出。

（本节中的所有页面都需要 Unicode 字体支持，例如 Arial Unicode MS、Doulos SIL Unicode、Lucida Sans Unicode - 请参阅：Unicode 中的国际音标）。

注：

Common pronunciations：常见发音，指的是在英式英语中这些符号的标准读法。
in British English - Gimson,1981：指的是 A.C. Gimson 在其 1981 年出版的 An Introduction to the Pronunciation of English 一书中对英式英语（特别是标准发音 RP）的描述。
Unicode 字体：Unicode 是一种国际标准，用于统一字符编码。使用 Unicode 字体可以正确显示各种语言和符号，包括国际音标（IPA）。
Unicode 中的国际音标 是一个关于如何在网页中使用 Unicode 来显示国际音标符号的资源页面。

Symbols

符号

符号	读法	英式发音 (IPA)
$+$	plus	/ˈplʌs/
$-$	minus	/ˈmaɪnəs/
$\pm$	plus or minus	/ˈplʌs ɔː ˈmaɪnəs/
$\times$	multiplied by	/ˈmʌltɪplaɪd baɪ/
$\div$	divided by	/dɪˈvaɪdəd/
$=$	equals	/ˈiːkwəlz/
$\approx$	approximately, similar to	/əˈprɒksɪmətlɪ/, /ˈsɪmɪlə tʊ/
$\equiv$	equivalent to, identical to	/ɪkˈwɪvələnt tʊ/, /aɪˈdentɪkl tʊ/
$\neq =$	not equal to	/ˈnɒt ˈiːkwəl tʊ/
$>$	greater than	/ˈgreɪtə ðən/
$<$	less than	/ˈles ðən/
$\geq$	greater than or equal to	/ˈgreɪtə ðən ɔːr ˈiːkwəl tʊ/
$\leq$	less than or equal to	/ˈles ðən ɔːr ˈiːkwəl tʊ/
$⊥$	perpendicular to	/pɜːpənˈdɪkjʊlə tʊ/
$∥$	parallel to	/ˈpærəlel tʊ/
$\propto$	varies as, proportional to	/ˈvɛərɪz/, /prəˈpɔːʃənəl/
$\sqrt$	square root	/skweə ruːt/
$∛$	cube root	/kjuːb ruːt/
$∜$	fourth root	/fɔːθ ruːt/
$!$	factorial	/fækˈtɔːrɪəl/
$\%$	percent	/pəˈsent/
$\infty$	infinity	/ɪnˈfɪnəti/
$\sum$	sum	/sʌm/
$\prod$	product	/ˈprɒdʌkt/
$\int$	integral	/ˈɪntɪɡrəl/
$\partial$	partial derivative	/ˈpɑːʃəl dɪˈrɪvətɪv/
$\nabla$	nabla, del	/ˈnæblə/, /dɛl/
$\in$	belongs to, is an element of	/bɪˈlɒŋz/, /ˈelɪmənt/
$\in /$	does not belong to, is not an element of	/nɒt bɪˈlɒŋ/, /nɒt ən ˈelɪmənt/
$\subseteq$	subset of	/ˈsʌbset/
$\subset$	proper subset of	/ˈprɒpə ˈsʌbset/
$\cap$	intersection	/ˈɪntəsekʃən/
$\cup$	union	/ˈjuːnɪən/
$\forall$	for all	/fər ɔːl/
$\exists$	there exists	/ðər ɪgzɪsts/
$∄$	there does not exist	/ðər dəʊz nɒt ɪgzɪsts/
$∴$	therefore	/ˈðɛəfɔː/
$∵$	because	/bɪˈkɒz/
$\to$	approaches, tends to	/əˈprəʊtʃəz/, /tɛndz tʊ/
$\leftarrow$	approaches from the left	/əˈprəʊtʃəz frɒm ðə lɛft/
$\leftrightarrow$	approaches from both sides	/əˈprəʊtʃəz frɒm bəʊθ saɪdz/
$\Rightarrow$	implies	/ɪmˈplaɪz/
$\Leftrightarrow$	if and only if	/ɪf ənd ənli ɪf/

Examples

例子

表达式	读法
$x + 1$	$x$ plus one
$x - 1$	$x$ minus one
$x \pm 1$	$x$ plus or minus one
$\times y$	$x$ times $y$ ; $x$ multiplied by $y$
$\frac{x}{y}$	$x$ over $y$ ; $x$ divided by $y$
$x = 5$	$x$ equals five
$x \approx y$	$x$ is approximately equal to $y$
$x \equiv y$	$x$ is equivalent to $y$
$x \neq = y$	$x$ is not equal to $y$
$x > y$	$x$ is greater than $y$
$x < y$	$x$ is less than $y$
$x \geq y$	$x$ is greater than or equal to $y$
$x \leq y$	$x$ is less than or equal to $y$
$x^2$	$x$ squared
$x^3$	$x$ cubed
$x^n$	$x$ to the power of $n$
$\sqrt{x}$	square root of $x$
$\sqrt[3]{x}$	cube root of $x$
$\sqrt[4]{x}$	fourth root of $x$
$\sqrt[n]{x}$	$n$ -th root of $x$
$\frac{d}{dx} f(x)$	derivative of $f (x)$ with respect to $x$
$\frac{d^2}{dx^2} f(x)$	second derivative of $f (x)$ with respect to $x$
$\int f(x) dx$	integral of $f (x)$ with respect to $x$
$\sum_{i=1}^{n} a_i$	sum from $i$ equals one to $n$
$\%$	$x$ percent
$\rightarrow 0$	$x$ approaches zero
$\in A$	$x$ belongs to $A$
$\subseteq B$	$A$ is a subset of $B$
$\cap B$	intersection of $A$ and $B$
$\cup B$	union of $A$ and $B$
$f (x)$	function of $x$
$log_b x$	logarithm of $x$ to the base $b$
$e^x$	$e$ to the power of $x$
$\sin x$	sine of $x$
$\cos x$	cosine of $x$
$\tan x$	tangent of $x$
$\lim_{x \to a} f(x)$	limit of $f (x)$ as $x$ approaches $a$

Greek Alphabet

希腊字母

大写	小写	英文名称	发音 (IPA)
Α	α	alpha	/ˈælfə/
Β	β	beta	/ˈbiːtə/
Γ	γ	gamma	/ˈɡæmə/
Δ	δ	delta	/ˈdeltə/
Ε	ε	epsilon	/ˈɛpsɪlən/
Ζ	ζ	zeta	/ˈziːtə/
Η	η	eta	/ˈiːtə/
Θ	θ	theta	/ˈθiːtə/
Ι	ι	iota	/aɪˈəʊtə/
Κ	κ	kappa	/ˈkæpə/
Λ	λ	lambda	/ˈlæmdə/
Μ	μ	mu	/ˈmjuː/
Ν	ν	nu	/ˈnjuː/
Ξ	ξ	xi	/ˈksaɪ/
Ο	ο	omicron	/ˈəʊmɪkrən/
Π	π	pi	/ˈpaɪ/
Ρ	ρ	rho	/ˈrəʊ/
Σ	σ	sigma	/ˈsɪgmə/
Τ	τ	tau	/ˈtɑː/
Υ	υ	upsilon	/ˈjuːpsɪlən/
Φ	φ	phi	/ˈfaɪ/
Χ	χ	chi	/ˈkaɪ/
Ψ	ψ	psi	/ˈpsaɪ/
Ω	ω	omega	/ˈəʊmɪgə/

Roman Alphabet

罗马字母

大写	小写	发音 (IPA)
A	a	/ˈeɪ/
B	b	/ˈbiː/
C	c	/ˈsiː/
D	d	/ˈdiː/
E	e	/ˈiː/
F	f	/ˈef/
G	g	/ˈdʒiː/
H	h	/ˈeɪtʃ/
I	i	/ˈaɪ/
J	j	/ˈdʒeɪ/
K	k	/ˈkeɪ/
L	l	/ˈel/
M	m	/ˈem/
N	n	/ˈen/
O	o	/ˈəʊ/
P	p	/ˈpiː/
Q	q	/ˈkjuː/
R	r	/ˈɑː/
S	s	/ˈes/
T	t	/ˈtiː/
U	u	/ˈjuː/
V	v	/ˈviː/
W	w	/ˈdʌbljuː/
X	x	/ˈeks/
Y	y	/ˈwaɪ/
Z	z	/ˈzed/

Fractions

分数

分数	读法	发音 (IPA)
$½$	a half	/əˈhɑːf/
$¼$	a quarter	/əˈkwɔːtə/
$¾$	three quarters	/θriːˈkwɔːtəz/
$⅓$	a third	/əˈθɜːd/
$⅔$	two thirds	/tuːˈθɜːdz/
$⅕$	a fifth	/əˈfɪfθ/
$⅖$	two fifths	/tuːˈfɪfθs/
$⅗$	three fifths	/θriːˈfɪfθs/
$⅘$	four fifths	/fɔːˈfɪfθs/
$⅙$	a sixth	/əˈsɪksθ/
$⅚$	five sixths	/faɪvˈsɪksθs/
$⅛$	an eighth	/ənˈeɪtθ/
$⅜$	three eighths	/θriːˈeɪtθs/
$⅝$	five eighths	/faɪvˈeɪtθs/
$⅞$	seven eighths	/ˈsevənˈeɪtθs/

Decimal Fractions

小数

小数	读法	发音 (IPA)
$0.1$	zero point one	/ˈzɪərəʊ pɔɪnt wʌn/
$0.01$	zero point zero one	/ˈzɪərəʊ pɔɪnt ˈzɪərəʊ wʌn/
$0.001$	zero point zero zero one	/ˈzɪərəʊ pɔɪnt ˈzɪərəʊ ˈzɪərəʊ wʌn/
$1.1$	one point one	/wʌn pɔɪnt wʌn/
$1.23$	one point two three	/wʌn pɔɪnt tuː θriː/
$2.666...$	two point six recurring	/tuː pɔɪnt sɪks rɪˈkɜːrɪŋ/
$2.5$ million	two point five million	/tuː pɔɪnt faɪv ˈmɪljən/

SI Units: Prefixes

SI 单位：前缀

因子	前缀	符号	发音 (IPA)
$10^{-24}$	yocto	y	/ˈjɒktəʊ/
$10^{-21}$	zepto	z	/ˈzeptəʊ/
$10^{-18}$	atto	a	/ˈatəʊ/
$10^{-15}$	femto	f	/ˈfemtəʊ/
$10^{-12}$	pico	p	/ˈpiːkəʊ/
$10^{-9}$	nano	n	/ˈnænoʊ/
$10^{-6}$	micro	µ	/ˈmaɪkrəʊ/
$10^{-3}$	milli	m	/ˈmɪlɪ/
$10^{-2}$	centi	c	/ˈsentɪ/
$10^{-1}$	deci	d	/ˈdesɪ/
$10^{3}$	kilo	k	/ˈkɪləʊ/
$10^{6}$	mega	M	/ˈmeɡə/
$10^{9}$	giga	G	/ˈɡɪɡə/
$10^{12}$	tera	T	/ˈterə/
$10^{15}$	peta	P	/ˈpetə/
$10^{18}$	exa	E	/ˈeksə/
$10^{21}$	zetta	Z	/ˈzetə/
$10^{24}$	yotta	Y	/ˈjɒtə/

Cardinal Numbers

基数词

数字	读法	发音 (IPA)
1	one	/wʌn/
2	two	/tuː/
3	three	/θriː/
4	four	/fɔː/
5	five	/faɪv/
6	six	/sɪks/
7	seven	/ˈsevən/
8	eight	/eɪt/
9	nine	/naɪn/
10	ten	/ten/
11	eleven	/ɪˈlevən/
12	twelve	/twelv/
13	thirteen	/θɜːˈtiːn/
14	fourteen	/fɔːˈtiːn/
15	fifteen	/fɪfˈtiːn/
16	sixteen	/sɪksˈtiːn/
17	seventeen	/ˈsevənˈtiːn/
18	eighteen	/ˈeɪˈtiːn/
19	nineteen	/ˈnaɪnˈtiːn/
20	twenty	/ˈtwentɪ/
21	twenty-one	/ˈtwentɪ wʌn/
30	thirty	/ˈθɜːtɪ/
40	forty	/ˈfɔːtɪ/
50	fifty	/ˈfɪftɪ/
60	sixty	/ˈsɪkstɪ/
70	seventy	/ˈsevəntɪ/
80	eighty	/ˈeɪtɪ/
90	ninety	/ˈnaɪntɪ/
100	one hundred	/wʌn ˈhʌndrəd/
101	one hundred and one	/wʌn ˈhʌndrəd ən wʌn/
120	one hundred and twenty	/wʌn ˈhʌndrəd ən ˈtwentɪ/
200	two hundred	/tuː ˈhʌndrəd/
300	three hundred	/θriː ˈhʌndrəd/
400	four hundred	/fɔː ˈhʌndrəd/
500	five hundred	/faɪv ˈhʌndrəd/
600	six hundred	/sɪks ˈhʌndrəd/
700	seven hundred	/ˈsevən ˈhʌndrəd/
800	eight hundred	/eɪt ˈhʌndrəd/
900	nine hundred	/naɪn ˈhʌndrəd/
1,000	one thousand	/wʌn ˈθaʊzənd/
1,001	one thousand and one	/wʌn ˈθaʊzənd ən wʌn/
1,100	one thousand one hundred	/wʌn ˈθaʊzənd wʌn ˈhʌndrəd/
1,500	one thousand five hundred	/wʌn ˈθaʊzənd faɪv ˈhʌndrəd/
10,000	ten thousand	/ten ˈθaʊzənd/
100,000	one hundred thousand	/wʌn ˈhʌndrəd ˈθaʊzənd/
1,000,000	one million	/wʌn ˈmɪljən/
1,000,000,000	one billion	/wʌn ˈbɪljən/
1,000,000,000,000	one trillion	/wʌn ˈtrɪljən/

Ordinal Numbers

序数词

数字	读法	发音 (IPA)
1st	first	/fɜːst/
2nd	second	/ˈsekənd/
3rd	third	/θɜːd/
4th	fourth	/fɔːθ/
5th	fifth	/fɪfθ/
6th	sixth	/sɪksθ/
7th	seventh	/ˈsevənθ/
8th	eighth	/eɪtθ/
9th	ninth	/naɪnθ/
10th	tenth	/tenθ/
11th	eleventh	/ɪˈlevənθ/
12th	twelfth	/ˈtwelfθ/
13th	thirteenth	/θɜːˈtiːnθ/
14th	fourteenth	/fɔːˈtiːnθ/
15th	fifteenth	/fɪfˈtiːnθ/
16th	sixteenth	/sɪksˈtiːnθ/
17th	seventeenth	/ˈsevənˈtiːnθ/
18th	eighteenth	/ˈeɪˈtiːnθ/
19th	nineteenth	/ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/
20th	twentieth	/ˈtwentɪəθ/
21st	twenty-first	/ˈtwentɪ fɜːst/
22nd	twenty-second	/ˈtwentɪ ˈsekənd/
23rd	twenty-third	/ˈtwentɪ θɜːd/
24th	twenty-fourth	/ˈtwentɪ fɔːθ/
25th	twenty-fifth	/ˈtwentɪ fɪfθ/
26th	twenty-sixth	/ˈtwentɪ sɪksθ/
27th	twenty-seventh	/ˈtwentɪ ˈsevənθ/
28th	twenty-eighth	/ˈtwentɪ eɪtθ/
29th	twenty-ninth	/ˈtwentɪ naɪnθ/
30th	thirtieth	/ˈθɜːtɪəθ/
31st	thirty-first	/ˈθɜːtɪ fɜːst/
40th	fortieth	/ˈfɔːtɪəθ/
50th	fiftieth	/ˈfɪftɪəθ/
100th	hundredth	/ˈhʌndrədθ/
1,000th	thousandth	/ˈθaʊzəndθ/
1,000,000th	millionth	/ˈmɪljənθ/

`/ə 'hʌndrəd ən wʌn/` 非 `/ə 'hʌndrəd ənd wʌn/` 的解释

这里涉及到英语发音学中的连读 (connected speech) 和语流音变 (sound change in connected speech) 现象。
其中，语音弱化 (reduction) 是一种常见的语流音变现象，表现为某些音节或音段在语流中发音强度降低，甚至省略。

在自然的英语口语中，出于 economy of effort (节省发音力气) 的考虑，某些音节可能会发生弱化或省略，尤其是在快速发音时。

1. 发音的自然简化

在英语口语中，and 的发音 /ænd/ 通常会根据语流环境发生弱化或简化。当 and 出现在数字或其他连续的语境中时，/ənd/ 可能会弱读为 /ən/，甚至 /n/，而 /d/ 音则经常会被省略。例如：

one hundred and one

标准发音是 /wʌn ˈhʌndrəd ənd wʌn/，但在自然的、快速的口语中，and 的 /d/ 音常常被省略，甚至整个 /ənd/ 弱读为 /ən/ 或 /n/，发音简化为 /wʌn ˈhʌndrəd‿ən wʌn/ 或 /wʌn ˈhʌndrəd‿n̩ wʌn/。连音符号 ‿ 表示这两个词之间没有停顿，而是连读。

这种简化是自然的，符合英语发音习惯的，尤其是在快速说话时。

2. 语流音变的影响

在连续的语流中，发音会受到前后音节的影响。例如：

当 and 出现在 hundred 和 one 之间时，虽然不是绝对的规则，但经常会因为 /d/ 音与后面的 /wʌn/ 的 /w/ 音在发音上不协调，从而导致 /d/ 音被省略，以减少发音的复杂性。
这种现象在英语中很常见，尤其是在连续的数字、日期、时间等表达中。

3. 书面与口语的区别

虽然在书面英语中，and 是完整的单词，但在口语中，发音往往会根据语流进行调整。例如：

书面英语： one hundred and one
口语发音： /[wʌn] ˈhʌndrəd‿ən wʌn/ (注意，即使在口语中，有些人也可能会完整地发音 /ænd/。)

这种简化通常并不影响理解，反而可以使发音更加自然流畅。

4. 其他类似的例子

这种现象在英语中非常普遍，例如：

twenty-one: 通常直接说 /ˈtwentɪ wʌn/ (注意：这里通常没有 “and”)。
thirty-two: 通常直接说 /ˈθɜːrtɪ tuː/ (注意：这里通常没有 “and”)。

在 “twenty-one” 和 “thirty-two” 的例子中，通常根本不会插入 “and”，这与 “one hundred and one” 略有不同，后者在语法上需要 “and”，但口语中经常省略发音。

Chemical Symbols & Formulae

化学符号和公式

Symbols

符号

Symbol	Name	Pronunciation
Ac	Actinium	/æktˈɪnɪəm/
Ag	Silver	/ˈsɪlvə/
Al	Aluminium	/æljʊˈmɪnɪəm/
Am	Americium	/əməˈrɪsɪəm/
Ar	Argon	/ˈɑːgɒn/
As	Arsenic	/ˈɑːsnɪk/
At	Astatine	/ˈæstətiːn/
Au	Gold	/ˈɡəʊld/
B	Boron	/ˈbɔːrɒn/
Ba	Barium	/ˈbæriəm/
Be	Beryllium	/bəˈrɪliəm/
Bh	Bohrium	/ˈboʊriəm/
Bi	Bismuth	/ˈbɪzməθ/
Bk	Berkelium	/ˈbɜːrklɪəm/
Br	Bromine	/ˈbrəʊmiːn/
C	Carbon	/ˈkɑːbən/
Ca	Calcium	/ˈkælsɪəm/
Cd	Cadmium	/ˈkædmɪəm/
Ce	Cerium	/ˈsiːriəm/
Cf	Californium	/ˌkælɪˈfɔːniəm/
Cl	Chlorine	/ˈklɔːriːn/
Cm	Curium	/ˈkjʊəriəm/
Co	Cobalt	/ˈkəʊbɒlt/
Cr	Chromium	/ˈkrəʊmiəm/
Cs	Caesium	/ˈsiːziəm/
Cu	Copper	/ˈkɒpə/
Db	Dubnium	/ˈdʌbniəm/
Ds	Darmstadtium	/dɑːmˈʃtætiəm/
Dy	Dysprosium	/dɪsˈprəʊziəm/
Er	Erbium	/ˈɜːbiəm/
Es	Einsteinium	/ˈaɪnstaɪniəm/
Eu	Europium	/juːˈrəʊpiəm/
F	Fluorine	/ˈflʊəriːn/
Fe	Iron	/ˈaɪən/
Fm	Fermium	/ˈfɜːmiəm/
Fr	Francium	/ˈfrænsiəm/
Ga	Gallium	/ˈgæliəm/
Gd	Gadolinium	/ˌɡædəˈliːniəm/
Ge	Germanium	/dʒəˈmeɪniəm/
H	Hydrogen	/ˈhaɪdrədʒɪn/
He	Helium	/ˈhiːliəm/
Hf	Hafnium	/ˈhæfnɪəm/
Hg	Mercury	/ˈmɜːkjʊrɪ/
Ho	Holmium	/ˈhəʊliəm/
Hs	Hassium	/ˈhæsiəm/
I	Iodine	/ˈaɪədiːn/
In	Indium	/ˈɪndiəm/
Ir	Iridium	/ɪˈrɪdiəm/
K	Potassium	/pəˈtæsiəm/
Kr	Krypton	/ˈkrɪptən/
La	Lanthanum	/ˈlænθənəm/
Li	Lithium	/ˈlɪθiəm/
Lr	Lawrencium	/ləˈrensiəm/
Lu	Lutetium	/luːˈtiːʃiəm/
Md	Mendelevium	/ˌmɛndəˈliːviəm/
Mg	Magnesium	/mægˈniːziəm/
Mn	Manganese	/ˈmæŋɡəniːz/
Mo	Molybdenum	/məˈlɪbdənəm/
Mt	Meitnerium	/maɪtˈnɜːriəm/
N	Nitrogen	/ˈnaɪtrədʒɪn/
Na	Sodium	/ˈsəʊdiəm/
Nb	Niobium	/naɪˈəʊbiəm/
Nd	Neodymium	/niːˈəʊdiːmiəm/
Ne	Neon	/ˈniːɒn/
Ni	Nickel	/ˈnɪkəl/
No	Nobelium	/nəʊˈbiːliəm/
Np	Neptunium	/nɛpˈtjuːniəm/
O	Oxygen	/ˈɒksɪdʒɪn/
Os	Osmium	/ˈɒzmiəm/
P	Phosphorus	/ˈfɒsfərəs/
Pa	Protactinium	/prəʊtækˈtɪniəm/
Pb	Lead	/ˈled/
Pd	Palladium	/pəˈleɪdiəm/
Pm	Promethium	/prəʊˈmiːθiəm/
Po	Polonium	/pəˈləʊniəm/
Pr	Praseodymium	/ˌpreɪziəʊˈdiːmiəm/
Pt	Platinum	/ˈplætɪnəm/
Pu	Plutonium	/pluːˈtəʊniəm/
Ra	Radium	/ˈreɪdiəm/
Rb	Rubidium	/ruːˈbɪdiəm/
Re	Rhenium	/ˈriːniəm/
Rh	Rhodium	/ˈroʊdiəm/
Rn	Radon	/ˈreɪdɒn/
Ru	Ruthenium	/ruːˈθiːniəm/
S	Sulfur	/ˈsʌlfər/
Sb	Antimony	/ˈæntɪməni/
Sc	Scandium	/ˈskændiəm/
Se	Selenium	/səˈliːniəm/
Si	Silicon	/ˈsɪlɪkən/
Sm	Samarium	/ˌsæməˈriːəm/
Sn	Tin	/ˈtɪn/
Sr	Strontium	/ˈstrɒntiəm/
Ta	Tantalum	/ˈtæntələm/
Tb	Terbium	/ˈtɜːbiəm/
Tc	Technetium	/tekˈniːʃiəm/
Te	Tellurium	/təˈlʊəriəm/
Th	Thorium	/ˈθɔːriəm/
Ti	Titanium	/tɪˈteɪniəm/
Tl	Thallium	/ˈθæliəm/
Tm	Thulium	/ˈθjuːliəm/
U	Uranium	/jʊˈreɪniəm/
V	Vanadium	/vəˈneɪdiəm/
W	Tungsten	/ˈtʌŋstən/
Xe	Xenon	/ˈzeɪnɒn/
Y	Yttrium	/ˈɪtriəm/
Yb	Ytterbium	/ˈɪtərbiəm/
Zn	Zinc	/ˈzɪŋk/
Zr	Zirconium	/zɜːˈkoʊniəm/

Formulae

公式

公式	读法
$\text{H}_2\text{O}$	dihydrogen monoxide (Water，水)
$\text{CO}_2$	Carbon dioxide (二氧化碳)
$\text{CO}$	Carbon monoxide (一氧化碳)
$\text{NO}_2$	Nitrogen dioxide (二氧化氮)
$\text{N}_2\text{O}$	Dinitrogen oxide (一氧化二氮)
$\text{NO}$	Nitrogen oxide (一氧化氮)
$\text{N}_2\text{O}_4$	Dinitrogen tetroxide (四氧化二氮)
$\text{SO}_2$	Sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫)
$\text{SO}_3$	Sulfur trioxide (三氧化硫)
$\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$	Sulfuric acid (硫酸)
$\text{HCl}$	Hydrochloric acid (盐酸)
$\text{HNO}_3$	Nitric acid (硝酸)
$\text{PCl}_5$	Phosphorus pentachloride (五氯化磷)
$\text{NaCl}$	Sodium chloride (氯化钠)
$\text{KCl}$	Potassium chloride (氯化钾)
$\text{CaCO}_3$	Calcium carbonate (碳酸钙)
$\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3$	Iron(III) oxide (三氧化二铁)
$\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$	Aluminum oxide (三氧化二铝)
$\text{MgO}$	Magnesium oxide (氧化镁)
$\text{CuSO}_4$	Copper(II) sulfate (硫酸铜)
$\text{ZnSO}_4$	Zinc sulfate (硫酸锌)
$\text{AgNO}_3$	Silver nitrate (硝酸银)

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Mathematical and scientific symbols

Common pronunciations (in British English – Gimson,1981) of mathematical and scientific symbols are given in the list below.

Symbols

Symbol	Name	Pronunciation
+	plus	/’plʌs/
–	minus	/’maɪnəs/
±	plus or minus	/’plʌs ɔ: ‘maɪnəs/
x	multiplied by	/’mʌltɪplaɪd baɪ/
/	over; divided by	/’əʊvə/ /dɪ’vaɪdəd baɪ/
÷	divided	/dɪ’vaɪdəd/
=	equals	/’ɪ:kwəlz/
≈	approximately, similar to	/ə’prɒksɪmətlɪ/ /’sɪmɪlə tʊ/
≡	equivalent to; identical to	/ɪk’wɪvələnt tʊ/ /aɪ’dentɪkl tʊ/
≠	not equal to	/’nɒt ‘iːkwəl tʊ/
>	greater than	/’greɪtə ðən/
<	less than	/’les ðən/
≥	greater than or equal to	/’greɪtə ðən ər ‘iːkwəl tʊ/
≤	less than or equal to	/’les ðən ər’ iːkwəl tʊ/
⊁	not greater than	/’nɒt ‘greɪtə ðən/
⊀	not less than	/’nɒt ‘les ðən/
≫	much greater than	/’mʌʧ ‘greɪtə ðən/
≪	much less than	/’mʌʧ ‘les ðən/
⊥	perpendicular to	/pɜːpən’dɪkjʊlə tʊ/
∣∣	parallel to	/’pærəlel tʊ/
≢	not equivalent to, not identical to	/’nɒt ɪk’wɪvələnt tʊ/ /’nɒt aɪ’dentɪkl tʊ/
≄≉	not similar to	/’nɒt ‘sɪmɪlə tʊ/
²	squared	/’skweəd/
³	cubed	/’kju:bd/
⁴	to the fourth; to the power four	/tə ðə ‘fɔːθ/ /te ðə ‘pɑʊə fɔː/
ⁿ	to the n; to the nth; to the power n	/tə ðɪ en; tə dɪ enθ; tə ðə pɑʊər en/
√	root; square root	/ru:t/ /skweə ru:t/
∛	cube root	/kju:b ru:t/
∜	fourth root	/fɔːθ ruːt/
!	factorial	/fæk’tɔːrɪəl/
%	percent	/pə’sent/
∞	infinity	/ɪn’fɪnətɪ/
∝	varies as; proportional to	/’vɛərɪz/ /prə’pɔːʃənəl/
˙	dot	/dɒt/
¨	double dot	/dʌbl dɒt/
:	is to, ratio of	/reɪʃɪəʊ/
f(x) fx	f; function	/ef/ /’fʌŋkʃən/
f’(x)	f dash; derivative	/ef ‘dæʃ/ /dɪ’rɪvətɪv/
f”x	f double-dash; second derivative	/ef ‘dʌbl dæʃ/ /’sekənd dɪ’rɪvətɪv/
f”'(x)	f triple-dash; f treble-dash; third derivative	/ef ‘trɪpl dæʃ/ / trebl dæʃ/ /θɜ:d dɪ’rɪvətɪv/
f⁽⁴⁾	f four; fourth derivative	/ef ‘fɔ/ /fɔːθ dɪ’rɪvətɪv/
∂	partial derivative, delta	/paːʃəl dɪ’rɪvətɪv/ /deltə/
∫	integral	/’ɪntɪgrəl/
∑	sum	/sʌm/
w.r.t.	with respect to	/wɪð ‘rɪspekt/
log	log	/lɒg/
log_₂x	log to the base 2 of x	/lɒg tə ðə beɪs tu: əv eks/
∴	therefore	/’ðɛəfɔː/
∵	because	/bɪ’kɒz/
→	gives, leads to, approaches	/gɪvz/ /li:dz tʊ/ /əprəʊʧəz/
/	per	/pɜ:/
∈	belongs to; a member of; an element of	/bɪ’lɒŋz/ /’membə/ /’elɪmənt/
∉	does not belong to; is not a member of; is not an element of	/nɒt bɪ’lɒŋ/ /nɒt ə ‘membə/ /nɒt ən ‘elɪmənt/
⊂	contained in; a proper subset of	/kən’teɪnd ɪn/ /’prɒpə ‘sʌbset/
⊆	contained in; subset	/’sʌbset/
⋂	intersection	/’ɪntəsekʃən/
⋃	union	/’juːnɪən/
∀	for all	/fə rɔ:l/
cos x	cos x; cosine x	/kɒz/
sin x	sine x	/saɪn/
tan x	tangent x	/tan/
cosec x	cosec x	/’kəʊsek/
sinh x	shine x	/’ʃaɪn/
cosh x	cosh x	/’kɒʃ/
tanh x	than x	/θæn/
\|x\|	mod x; modulus x	/mɒd/ /’mɒdjʊləs/
℃	degrees Centigrade	/dɪ’gri:z ‘sentɪgreɪd/
℉	degrees Fahrenheit	/dɪ’gri:z ‘færənhaɪt/
°K	degrees Kelvin	/dɪ’gri:z ‘kelvɪn/
0°K, –273.15 °C	absolute zero	/absəlu:t zi:rəʊ/
mm	millimetre	/’mɪlɪmiːtə/
cm	centimetre	/’sentɪmiːtə/
cc, cm³	cubic centimetre, centimetre cubed	/’kjuːbɪk ‘sentɪmiːtə/ /’sentɪmiːtə ‘kju:bd/
m	metre	/’miːtə/
km	kilometre	/kɪ’lɒmɪtə/
mg	milligram	/’mɪlɪgræm/
g	gram	/græm/
kg	kilogram	/’kɪləgræm/
AC	A.C.	/eɪ si:/
DC	D.C.	/di: si:/

Examples

Expression	Pronunciation
x + 1	x plus one
x -1	x minus one
x ± 1	x plus or minus one
xy	x y; x times y; x multiplied by y
(x — y)(x + y)	x minus y, x plus y
x/y	x over y; x divided by y;
x ÷ y	x divided by y
x = 5	x equals 5; x is equal to 5
x ≈ y	x is approximately equal to y
x ≡ y	x is equivalent to y; x is identical with y
x ≠ y	x is not equal to y
x > y	x is greater than y
x < y	x is less than y
x ≥ y	x is greater than or equal to y
x ≤ y	x is less than or equal to y
0 < x < 1	zero is less than x is less than 1; x is greater than zero and less than 1
0 ≤ x ≤ 1	zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1; x is greater than or equal to zero and less than or equal to 1
x²	x squared
x³	x cubed
x⁴	x to the fourth; x to the power four
xⁿ	x to the n; x to the nth; x to the power n
x^-n	x to the minus n; x to the power of minus n
√	root x; square root x; the square root of x
∛	the cube root of x
∜	the fourth root of x
$\sqrt[n]{x}$	the nth root of x
(x + y)²	x plus y all squared
(x/y)²	x over y all squared
n!	n factorial; factorial n
x%	x percent
∞	infinity
x ∝ y	x varies as y; x is (directly) proportional to y
x ∝ 1/y	x varies as one over y; x is indirectly proportional to y
ẋ	x dot
ẍ	x double dot
f(x) fx	f of x; the function of x
f’(x)	f dash x; the (first) derivative of with respect to x
f”x	f double-dash x; the second derivative of f with respect to x
f”'(x)	f triple-dash x; f treble-dash x; the third derivative of f with respect to x
f⁽⁴⁾	f four x; the fourth derivative of f with respect to x
∂v	the partial derivative of v
∂v/∂θ	delta v by delta theta, the partial derivative of v with respect to θ
∂²v/∂θ²	delta two v by delta theta squared; the second partial derivative of v with respect to θ
dv	the derivative of v
dv/dθ	d v by d theta, the derivative of v with respect to theta
d²v/dθ²	d 2 v by d theta squared, the second derivative of v with respect to theta,
∫	integral
∫₀^∞	integral from zero to infinity
∑	sum
∑_{i = 1}ⁿ	the sum from i equals 1 to n
w.r.t.	with respect to
log_ey	log to the base e of y; log y to the base e; natural log (of) y
∴	therefore
∵	because
→	gives, approaches
Δx → 0	delta x approaches zero
lim_Δx→0	the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero
Lt_Δx→0	the limit as delta x approaches zero, the limit as delta x tends to zero
m/sec	metres per second
x ∈ A	x belongs to A; x is a member of A; x is an element of A
x∉ A	x does not belong to A; x is not a member of A; x is not an element of A
A⊂ B	A is contained in B; A is a proper subset of B
A ⊆ B	A is contained in B; A is a subset of B
A ⋂ B	A intersection B
A ⋃ B	A union B
cos x	cos x; cosine x
sin x	sine x
tan x	tangent x, tan x
cosec x	cosec x
sinh x	shine x
cosh x	cosh x
tanh x	than x
\|x\|	mod x; modulus x
18 ℃	eighteen degrees Centigrade
70 ℉	seventy degrees Fahrenheit

Greek alphabet

Capital	Small	Name	Pronunciation
Α	α	alpha	/’ælfə/
Β	β	beta	/’bi:tə/
Γ	γ	gamma	/’gæmə/
Δ	δ	delta	/’deltə/
Ε	ε	epsilon	/’epsilən/
Ζ	ζ	zeta	/’ziːtə/
Η	η	eta	/’iːtə/
Θ	θ	theta	/’θiːtə/
Ι	ι	iota	/aɪ’əʊtə/
Κ	κ	kappa	/’kæpə/
Λ	λ	lamda	/’læmdə/
Μ	μ	mu	/’mjuː/
Ν	ν	nu	/’njuː/
Ξ	ξ	xi	/’ksaɪ/
Ο	ο	omicron	/’əʊmɪkrən/
Π	π	pi	/’paɪ/
Ρ	ρς	rho	/’rəʊ/
Σ	σ	sigma	/’sɪgmə/
Τ	τ	tau	/’tɑʊ/
Υ	υ	upsilon	/’jʊpsɪlən/
Φ	φ	phi	/’faɪ/
Χ	χ	chi	/’kaɪ/
Ψ	ψ	psi	/’psaɪ/
Ω	ω	omega	/’əʊmɪgə/

Roman alphabet

Capital	Small	Pronunciation
A	a	/’eɪ/
B	b	/’biː/
C	c	/’siː/
D	d	/’diː/
E	e	/’iː/
F	f	/’ef/
G	g	/’ʤiː/
H	h	/’eɪʧ/
I	i	/’aɪ/
J	j	/’ʤeɪ/
K	k	/’keɪ/
L	l	/’el/
M	m	/’em/
N	n	/’en/
O	o	/’əʊ/
P	p	/’piː/
Q	q	/’kjuː/
R	r	/’ɑː/
S	s	/’es/
T	t	/’ti:/
U	u	/’ju:/
V	v	/’vi:/
W	w	/’dʌbljuː/
X	x	/’eks/
Y	y	/’waɪ/
Z	z	/’zed/

Fractions

Fraction	Name	Pronunciation
½	a half	/ə ‘hɑ:f/
¼	a quarter	/ə ‘kwɔːtə/
¾	three quarters	/θriː ‘kwɔːtəz/
⅓	a third	/ə ‘θɜ:d/
⅔	two thirds	/tu: ‘θɜ:dz/
⅕	a fifth	/ə ‘fɪfθ/
⅖	two fifths	/tu: ‘fɪfθs/
⅗	three fifths	/θriː ‘fɪfθs/
⅘	four fifths	/fɔː ‘fɪfθs/
⅙	a sixth	/ə ‘sɪksθ/
⅚	five sixths	/faɪv ‘sɪksθs/
⅛	an eighth	/ən ‘eɪtθ/
⅜	three eighths	/θriː ‘eɪtθs/
⅝	five eighths	/faɪv ‘eɪtθs/
⅞	seven eighths	/sevən ‘eɪtθs/

Decimal Fractions

Decimal	Name	Pronunciation
0.1	nought point one	/nɔ:t pɔɪnt wʌn/
0.01	nought point oh one	/nɔ:t pɔɪnt əʊ wʌn/
0.0001	nought point oh oh oh one	/nɔ:t pɔɪnt əʊ əʊ əʊ wʌn/
1.1	one point one	/wʌn pɔɪnt wʌn/
1.2	one point two	/wʌn pɔɪnt tu:/
1.23	one point two three	/wʌn pɔɪnt tu: θri:/
1.0123	one point oh one two three	/wʌn pɔɪnt əʊ wʌn tu: θri:/
10.01	ten point oh one	/ten pɔɪnt əʊ wʌn/
21.57	twenty-one point five seven	/’twentɪ wʌn pɔɪnt faɪv ‘sevən/
2.6666666666…	two point six recurring	/tu: pɔɪnt sɪks rɪ’kɜ:rɪŋ/
2.612361236123…	two point six one two three recurring	/tu: pɔɪnt sɪks wʌn tu: θri: rɪ’kɜ:rɪŋ/
2.5 million	two point five million	/tu: pɔɪnt faɪv ‘mɪljən/

SI Units: Prefixes

Exponent	Prefix	Symbol	Pronunciation
$10^{-24}$	yocto	y	/’jɒktəʊ/
$10^{-21}$	zepto	z	/’zeptəʊ/
$10^{-18}$	atto	a	/’atəʊ/
$10^{-15}$	femto	f	/’femtəʊ/
$10^{-12}$	pico	p	/’pi:kəʊ/
$10^{-9}$	nano	n	/’nanəʊ/
$10^{-6}$	micro	µ	/’maɪkrəʊ/
$10^{-3}$	milli	m	/’mɪlɪ/
$10^{-2}$	centi	c	/’sentɪ/
$10^{-1}$	deci	d	/’desɪ/
$10^{3}$	kilo	k	/’kɪləʊ/
$10^{6}$	mega	M	/’megə/
$10^{9}$	giga	G	/’gɪgə/
$10^{12}$	tera	T	/’terə/
$10^{15}$	peta	P	/’petə/
$10^{18}$	exa	E	/’eksə/
$10^{21}$	zetta	Z	/’zetə/
$10^{24}$	yotta	Y	/’jɒtə/
$10^{27}$	xona	X	/’zəʊnə/
$10^{30}$	weka	W	/’wekə/
$10^{33}$	vunda	V	/’vʊndə/

Cardinal Numbers

Number	Name	Pronunciation
1	one	/wʌn/
2	two	/tu:/
3	three	/θri:/
4	four	/fɔː/
5	five	/faɪv/
6	six	/sɪks/
7	seven	/’sevən/
8	eight	/eɪt/
9	nine	/naɪn/
10	ten	/ten/
11	eleven	/ɪ’levən/
12	twelve	/twelv/
13	thirteen	/θɜ:’ti:n/
14	fourteen	/fɔː’ti:n/
15	fifteen	/fɪf’ti:n/
16	sixteen	/sɪkst’i:n/
17	seventeen	/seven’ti:n/
18	eighteen	/eɪ’ti:n/
19	nineteen	/naɪn’ti:n/
20	twenty	/’twentɪ/
21	twenty-one	/twentɪ’wʌn/
22	twenty-two	/twentɪ’tu:/
23	twenty-three	/twentɪ’θri:/
24	twenty-four	/twentɪ’fɔː/
25	twenty-five	/twentɪ’faɪv/
26	twenty-six	/twentɪ’sɪks/
27	twenty-seven	/twentɪ’sevən/
28	twenty-eight	/twentɪ’eɪt/
29	twenty-nine	/twentɪ’naɪn/
30	thirty	/’θɜ:tɪ/
40	forty	/’fɔːtɪ/
50	fifty	/’fɪftɪ/
60	sixty	/’sɪkstɪ/
70	seventy	/’sevəntɪ/
80	eighty	/’eɪtɪ/
90	ninety	/’naɪntɪ/
100	a hundred; one hundred	/ə ‘hʌndrəd/ /wʌn ‘hʌndrəd/
101	a hundred and one	/ə ‘hʌndrəd ən wʌn/
102	a hundred and two	/ə ‘hʌndrəd ən tu:/
110	a hundred and ten	/ə ‘hʌndrəd ən ten/
120	a hundred and twenty	/ə ‘hʌndrəd ən ‘twentɪ/
200	two hundred	/tu: ‘hʌndrəd/
300	three hundred	/θri: ‘hʌndrəd/
400	four hundred	/fɔː ‘hʌndrəd/
500	five hundred	/faɪv ‘hʌndrəd/
600	six hundred	/sɪks ‘hʌndrəd/
700	seven hundred	/’sevən ‘hʌndrəd/
800	eight hundred	/eɪt ‘hʌndrəd/
900	nine hundred	/naɪn ‘hʌndrəd/
1 000	a thousand, one thousand	/ə θ’ɑʊzənd/ /wʌn ‘θɑʊzənd/
1 001	a thousand and one	/ə ‘θɑʊzənd ən wʌn/
1 010	a thousand and ten	/ə ‘θɑʊzənd ən ten/
1 020	a thousand and twenty	/ə ‘θɑʊzənd ən ‘twentɪ/
1 100	one thousand, one hundred	/wʌn ‘θɑʊzənd wʌn ‘hʌndrəd/
1 101	one thousand, one hundred and one	/wʌn ‘θɑʊzənd wʌn ‘hʌndrəd ən wʌn/
1 110	one thousand, one hundred and ten	/wʌn ‘θɑʊzənd wʌn ‘hʌndrəd ən ten/
9 999	nine thousand, nine hundred and ninety-nine	/naɪn ‘θɑʊzənd naɪn ‘hʌndrəd ən ‘naɪntɪ ‘naɪn/
10 000	ten thousand	/ten ‘θɑʊzənd/
15 356	fifteen thousand, three hundred and fifty six	/’fɪfti:n ‘θɑʊzənd θri: ‘hʌndrəd ən ‘fɪftɪ sɪks/
100 000	a hundred thousand	/ə ‘hʌndrəd ‘θɑʊzənd/
1 000 000	a million	/ə ‘mɪljən/
100 000 000	a hundred million	/ə ‘hʌndrəd ‘mɪljən/
1 000 000 000	a billion	/ə ‘bɪljən/
100 000 000 000	a hundred billion	/ə ‘hʌndrəd ‘bɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000	a trillion	/ə ‘trɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 000	a quadrillion	/ə kwɒdrɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 000 000	a quintillian	/ə kwɪn’tɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000	a sextillion	/ə seks’tɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000	a septillion	/ə sep’tɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000	an octillion	/ən ɒkt’tɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000	a nonillion	/ə nɒn’ɪljən/
1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000	a decillion	/ə de’sɪljən/

Ordinal Numbers

Ordinal	Name	Pronunciation
1st	first	/fɜ:st/
2nd	second	/’sekənd/
3rd	third	/θɜ:d/
4th	fourth	/fɔ:θ/
5th	fifth	/fɪfθ/
6th	sixth	/sɪksθ/
7th	seventh	/’sevənθ/
8th	eighth	/eɪtθ/
9th	ninth	/naɪnθ/
10th	tenth	/tenθ/
11th	eleventh	/ɪ’levənθ/
12th	twelfth	/’twelfθ/
13th	thirteenth	/θɜ:’ti:nθ/
14th	fourteenth	/fɔː’ti:nθ/
15th	fifteenth	/fɪf’ti:nθ/
16th	sixteenth	/sɪks’ti:nθ/
17th	seventeenth	/seven’ti:nθ/
18th	eighteenth	/eɪ’ti:nθ/
19th	nineteenth	/naɪn’ti:nθ/
20th	twentieth	/’twentɪəθ/
21st	twenty-first	/twentɪ’fɜ:st/
22nd	twenty-second	/twentɪ’sekənd/
23rd	twenty-third	/twentɪ’θɜ:d/
24th	twenty-fourth	/twentɪ’fɔ:θ/
25th	twenty-fifth	/twentɪ’fɪfθ/
26th	twenty-sixth	/twentɪ’sɪksθ/
27th	twenty-seventh	/twentɪ’sevənθ/
28th	twenty-eighth	/twentɪ’eɪtθ/
29th	twenty-ninth	/twentɪ’naɪnθ/
30th	thirtieth	/’θɜːtɪəθ/
31st	thirty-first	/θɜːtɪ’fɜ:st/
40th	fortieth	/’fɔ:tɪəθ/
50th	fiftieth	/’fɪftɪəθ/
100th	hundredth	/’hʌndrədθ/
1 000th	thousandth	/’θɑʊzəndθ/
1 000 000th	millionth	/’mɪljənθ/

Chemical symbols & formulae

Common pronunciations (in British English – Gimson,1981) of scientific symbols are given in the list below.

Symbols

Symbol	Name	Pronunciation
Ac	Actinium	/ækt’ɪnɪəm/
Ag	Silver	/’sɪlvə/
Al	Aluminium	/æljʊ’mɪnɪəm/
Am	Americium	/əmə’risɪəm/
Ar	Argon	/’ɑːgɒn/
As	Arsenic	/’ɑːsnɪk/
At	Astatine	/’æstətiːn/
Au	Gold	/’gəʊld/
B	Boron	/’bɔːrɒn/
Ba	Barium	/ˈbærɪəm/
Be	Beryllium	/bəˈrɪlɪəm/
Bh	Bohrium	/ˈbɔ:rɪəm/
Bi	Bismuth	/ˈbɪzməθ/
Bk	Berkelium	/ˈbɜ:klɪəm/
Br	Bromine	/ˈbrəʊmiːn/
C	Carbon	/ˈkɑ:bən/
Ca	Calcium	/ˈkælsɪəm/
Cd	Cadmium	/ˈkædmɪəm/
Ce	Cerium	/ˈsi:rɪəm/
Cf	Californium	/kælɪˈfɔ:nɪəm/
Cl	Chlorine	/ˈklɔ:riːn/
Cm	Curium	/ˈkjuːrɪəm/
Co	Cobalt	/ˈkəʊbɒlt/
Cr	Chromium	/ˈkrəʊmɪəm/
Cs	Caesium	/ˈsiːzɪəm/
Cu	Copper	/ˈkɒpə/
Db	Dubnium	/ˈdʌbnɪəm/
Ds	Darmstadtium	/dɑ:mˈstætɪəm/
Dy	Dysprosium	/dɪsˈprəʊzɪəm/
Er	Erbium	/ˈɜ:bɪəm/
Es	Einsteinium	/aɪnˈstaɪnɪəm/
Eu	Europium	/ju:ˈrəʊpɪəm/
F	Fluorine	/ˈflʊəriːn/
Fe	Iron	/ˈaɪən/
Fm	Fermium	/ˈfɜ:mɪəm/
Fr	Francium	/ˈfrænsɪəm/
Ga	Gallium	/ˈgælɪəm/
Gd	Gadolinium	/gædəˈlɪnɪəm/
Ge	Germanium	/dʒəˈmeɪnɪəm/
H	Hydrogen	/ˈhaɪdrəʤən/
He	Helium	/ˈhi:lɪəm/
Hf	Hafnium	/ˈhæfnɪəm/
Hg	Mercury	/ˈmɜ:kjʊrɪ/
Ho	Holmium	/ˈhəʊlmɪəm/
Hs	Hassium	/ˈhæsɪəm/
I	Iodine	/ˈaɪədiːn/
In	Indium	/ˈɪndɪəm/
Ir	Iridium	/ɪˈrɪdɪəm/
K	Potassium	/pəˈtæsɪəm/
Kr	Krypton	/ˈkrɪptən/
La	Lanthanum	/ˈlænθənəm/
Li	Lithium	/ˈlɪθɪəm/
Lr	Lawrencium	/ləˈrensɪəm/
Lu	Lutetium	/ljuːˈtiːʃəm/
Md	Mendelevium	/mendəˈlɪvɪəm/
Mg	Magnesium	/mægˈniːzɪəm/
Mn	Manganese	/ˈmæŋgəniːz/
Mo	Molybdenum	/məˈlɪbdənəm/
Mt	Meitnerium	/maɪtˈnɜ:rɪəm/
N	Nitrogen	/ˈnaɪtrədʒən/
Na	Sodium	/ˈsəʊdɪəm/
Nb	Niobium	/naɪˈəʊbɪəm/
Nd	Neodymium	/niːəʊˈdɪmɪəm/
Ne	Neon	/ˈniːɒn/
Ni	Nickel	/ˈnɪkəl/
No	Nobelium	/nəʊˈbiːlɪəm/
Np	Neptunium	/nepˈtjuːnɪəm/
O	Oxygen	/ˈɒksɪdʒən/
Os	Osmium	/ˈɒzmɪəm/
P	Phosphorus	/ˈfɒsfərəs/
Pa	Protactinium	/prəʊtækˈtɪnɪəm/
Pb	Lead	/ˈled/
Pd	Palladium	/pəˈleɪdɪəm/
Pm	Promethium	/prəˈmiːθɪəm/
Po	Polonium	/pəˈləʊnɪəm/
Pr	Praseodymium	/preɪzɪəʊˈdɪmɪəm/
Pt	Platinum	/ˈplætɪnəm/
Pu	Plutonium	/pluːˈtəʊnɪəm/
Ra	Radium	/ˈreɪdɪəm/
Rb	Rubidium	/ruːˈbɪdɪəm/
Re	Rhenium	/ˈriːnɪəm/
Rf	Rutherfordium	/rʌðəˈfɔ:dɪəm/
Rg	Roentgenium	/rɒntˈgenɪəm/
Rh	Rhodium	/ˈrəʊdɪəm/
Rn	Radon	/ˈreɪdɒn/
Ru	Ruthenium	/ruːˈθiːnɪəm/
S	Sulphur/Sulfur	/ˈsʌlfə/
Sb	Antimony	/’æntɪmənɪ/
Sc	Scandium	/ˈskændɪəm/
Se	Selenium	/səˈliːnɪəm/
Sg	Seaborgium	/siːˈbɔ:gɪəm/
Si	Silicon	/ˈsɪlɪkən/
Sm	Samarium	/səˈmɛərɪəm/
Sn	Tin	/ˈtɪn/
Sr	Strontium	/ˈstrɒntɪəm/
Ta	Tantalum	/ˈtæntələm/
Tb	Terbium	/ˈtɜ:bɪəm/
Tc	Technetium	/tekˈniːʃɪəm/
Te	Tellurium	/təˈlʊərɪəm/
Th	Thorium	/ˈθɔ:rɪəm/
Ti	Titanium	/tɪˈteɪnɪəm/
Tl	Thallium	/ˈθælɪəm/
Tm	Thulium	/ˈθjuːlɪəm/
U	Uranium	/jʊˈreɪnɪəm/
Uub	Ununbium	/juːˈnʌnbɪəm/
Uuh	Ununhexium	/juːnənˈheksɪəm/
Uuo	Ununoctium	/juːnəˈnɒktɪəm/
Uup	Ununpentium	/juːnənˈpentɪəm/
Uuq	Ununquadium	/juːnənˈkwɒdɪəm/
Uut	Ununtrium	/juːˈnʌntrɪəm/
V	Vanadium	/vəˈneɪdɪəm/
W	Tungsten	/ˈtʌŋstən/
Xe	Xenon	/ˈzenɒn/
Y	Yttrium	/ˈɪtrɪəm/
Yb	Ytterbium	/ɪˈtɜːbɪəm/
Zn	Zinc	/ˈzɪŋk/
Zr	Zirconium	/zɜːˈkəʊnɪəm/

Chemical Group	Name	Pronunciation
$CO_{3}$	carbonate	/ˈkɑ:bəneɪt/
$ClO_{3}$	chlorate	/ˈklɔ:reɪt/
$NO_{3}$	nitrate	/ˈnaɪtreɪt/
$PO_{4}$	phosphate	/ˈfɒsfeɪt/
$SO_{4}$	sulphate/sulfate	/ˈsʌlfeɪt/
$HCO_{3}$	hydrogen carbonate	/ˈhaɪdrəʤən ˈkɑ:bəneɪt/
$HSO_{4}$	hydrogen sulphate/sulfate	/ˈhaɪdrəʤən ˈsʌlfeɪt/
$- O H$	hydroxide	/haɪˈdrɒksaɪd/

Formulae

Formula	Name	Pronunciation
$CO_{2}$	Carbon dioxide	/ˈkɑ:bən daɪˈɒksaɪd/
$CO$	Carbon monoxide	/ˈkɑ:bən mənˈɒksaɪd/
$NO_{2}$	Nitrogen dioxide	/ˈnaɪtrədʒən daɪˈɒksaɪd/
$N_{2}O$	Dinitrogen oxide	/ˈdaɪnaɪtrədʒən ˈɒksaɪd/
$NO$	Nitrogen oxide	/ˈnaɪtrədʒən ˈɒksaɪd/
$N_{2}O_{4}$	Dinitrogen tetroxide	/ˈdaɪnaɪtrədʒən tetrˈɒksaɪd/
$SO_{2}$	Sulphur/Sulfur dioxide	/ˈsʌlfə daɪˈɒksaɪd/
$SO_{3}$	Sulphur/Sulfur trioxide	/ˈsʌlfə traɪˈɒksaɪd/
$H_{2}SO_{4}$	Suphuric/Sulfuric acid	/ˈsʌlfjʊərɪk ˈæsɪd/
$H Cl$	Hydrochloric acid	/ˈhaɪdrəklɒrɪk ˈæsɪd/
$HNO_{3}$	Nitric acid	/ˈnaɪtrɪkˈæsɪd/
$PCl_{5}$	Phosphorus pentachloride	/ˈfɒsfərəs ˈpentəklɔ:raɪd/
“DDT”	Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane	/daɪˌklɔːrəʊ ˈdaɪˌfiːnaɪl ˈtraɪˌklɔːrəʊ ˈiːθeɪn/