【嵌入式开发 Linux 常用命令系列 8 --代码格式修改工具 astyle】

AStyle 介绍

AStyle，全名 Artistic Style，是一款源代码格式化工具。它可以自动格式化 C，C++，C#，和Java源代码。使用它您可以轻松地对代码进行格式化，以满足您需要的代码风格。它提供了大量的选项，可以非常细致地控制代码的格式化方式。并且，它是一个开放源码的工具，所以您可以自由地使用和修改它。

AStyle的主要功能包括：

• 缩进风格的控制，包括K&R风格，Allman风格，GNU风格，和自定义风格。
• 缩进宽度的控制，可以设置为使用空格或Tab，也可以设置Tab的宽度。
• 代码块大括号的位置控制。
• 在运算符两侧添加或删除空格。
• 控制if，for，while等语句的括号是否需要在新的一行开始。
• 一键格式化整个源文件或选定的代码块。

以下是使用AStyle的一个例子：代码格式化前：

int main(){ printf("Hello, World!"); return 0; }

使用AStyle格式化后（K&R风格，4个空格缩进）：

int main()
{
    printf("Hello, World!");
    return 0;
}

命令行示例：

astyle --style=kr --indent=spaces=4 -f myfile.c

这条命令会将 myfile.c 中的代码格式化为K&R风格，并且使用4个空格进行缩进。

将当前目录及其子目录下的 C 文件转换成 linux 风格：

find . -iname "*.c" | xargs -I {} astyle --style=kr --indent=spaces=4 -f {} \;

-I {} 表示使用 find 的输出当做 astyle的输入

或者：

find . -iname "*.c" -exec astyle --style=kr --indent=spaces=8 -f {} \;

Ubuntu 下安装

1. 使用 apt-get 命令安装

sudo apt-get update -y
sudo apt-get install -y astyle

2. 源码编译安装

git clone https://github.com/steinwurf/astyle.git
cd astyle
python waf configure --cxx_mkspec=cxx_default
python waf build

编译好之后将 bulid/cxx_default/astyle 放到 bin 目录下即可使用了:

(*^~^*) ~/astyle/build/cxx_default> cp astyle ~/.local/bin/
(*^~^*) ~/astyle/build/cxx_default> astyle -h

                     Artistic Style 2.06 beta
                     Maintained by: Jim Pattee
                     Original Author: Tal Davidson

Usage:
------
            astyle [OPTIONS] File1 File2 File3 [...]

            astyle [OPTIONS] < Original > Beautified

    When indenting a specific file, the resulting indented file RETAINS
    the original file-name. The original pre-indented file is renamed,
    with a suffix of '.orig' added to the original filename.

    Wildcards (* and ?) may be used in the filename.
    A 'recursive' option can process directories recursively.

    By default, astyle is set up to indent with four spaces per indent,
    a maximal indentation of 40 spaces inside continuous statements,
    a minimum indentation of eight spaces inside conditional statements,
    and NO formatting options.

Options:
--------
    This  program  follows  the  usual  GNU  command line syntax.
    Long options (starting with '--') must be written one at a time.
    Short options (starting with '-') may be appended together.
    Thus, -bps4 is the same as -b -p -s4.

Options File:
-------------
    Artistic Style looks for a default options file in the
    following order:
    1. The contents of the ARTISTIC_STYLE_OPTIONS environment
       variable if it exists.
    2. The file called .astylerc in the directory pointed to by the
       HOME environment variable ( i.e. $HOME/.astylerc ).
    3. The file called astylerc in the directory pointed to by the
       USERPROFILE environment variable (i.e. %USERPROFILE%\astylerc).
    If a default options file is found, the options in this file will
    be parsed BEFORE the command-line options.
    Long options within the default option file may be written without
    the preliminary '--'.

Disable Formatting:
----------------------
    Disable Block
    Blocks of code can be disabled with the comment tags *INDENT-OFF*
    and *INDENT-ON*. It must be contained in a one-line comment.

    Disable Line
    Padding of operators can be disabled on a single line using the
    comment tag *NOPAD*. It must be contained in a line-end comment.

Bracket Style Options:
----------------------
    default bracket style
    If no bracket style is requested, the opening brackets will not be
    changed and closing brackets will be broken from the preceding line.

    --style=allman  OR  --style=bsd  OR  --style=break  OR  -A1
    Allman style formatting/indenting.
    Broken brackets.

    --style=java  OR  --style=attach  OR  -A2
    Java style formatting/indenting.
    Attached brackets.

    --style=kr  OR  --style=k&r  OR  --style=k/r  OR  -A3
    Kernighan & Ritchie style formatting/indenting.
    Linux brackets.

    --style=stroustrup  OR  -A4
    Stroustrup style formatting/indenting.
    Stroustrup brackets.

    --style=whitesmith  OR  -A5
    VTK style formatting/indenting.
    Broken, indented brackets, except for opening brackets.

    --style=banner  OR  -A6
    Banner style formatting/indenting.
    Attached, indented brackets.

    --style=gnu  OR  -A7
    GNU style formatting/indenting.
    Broken brackets, indented blocks.

    --style=linux  OR  --style=knf  OR  -A8
    Linux style formatting/indenting.
    Linux brackets, minimum conditional indent is one-half indent.

参考：https://iq.opengenus.org/install-astyle-in-ubuntu/

Windows 下安装

见：https://sourceforge.net/projects/astyle/